Euphemistic Ci refers to the style of Ci since Huajian Ci, represented by poets such as Wen Tingyun, Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, Zhou Bangyan, etc. Their expressions of expression generally advocate implicitness and euphemism, giving full play to the " The characteristic of "specializing in love". The lyrics are tactful and expressive. In terms of material selection, euphemistic poems mostly write about the love of children and the mood of parting. In terms of expression methods, they often use implicit and implicit methods to express emotions. Their style is gorgeous. Euphemistic Ci appeared earlier, starting from the "Huajian School" represented by Wen Tingyun (the originator of Huajian) in the Tang and Five Dynasties, followed by Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao in the early Song Dynasty, and Liu Yong, who was the same as Ou and Yan, although he was the most famous poet in Ci. The expression method has been greatly improved, but it still does not break away from the graceful style. After that, there were Qin Guan, He Zhu, and Li Qingzhao.
Wanyue Ci is a new style of poetry sung with music. From the day it was born, it has been inextricably linked with music. "The Biography of Wen Tingyun in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty" once recorded that Feiqing "can pick out the sound of string songs and is a beautiful poet". Genius writers have both literary literacy and an understanding of music. Every time he fills in a column, he often refines the words and sentences, carefully considers the music, and closely combines the picturesque artistic conception, refined language and beautiful music. It is both expressive and pleasant to the ears, and has a touching artistic charm. Euphemistic words were developed on this basis. "A new song, a glass of wine", these gentle and fragrant songs, the tone of farewell to people, are often played and sung by kabuki and dancers in the flowers and in front of the bottles, singing and dancing. After the song, the lingering sound lingers, refreshing the heart and mind. "On the bank of the willows, the dawn wind is waning and the moon is waning." (Liu Yong's "Yulin Bell") It's just a girl of 17 or 18, holding a red dental plate, singing in a low voice. This kind of new songs that are "beautiful and affectionate, and elaborate and unfolding" often make those who listen to them ecstasy. The syllables of euphemistic words are harmonious and euphemistic, and "the language works well into the rhythm". The mood is gentle and easy for people to accept. Ci poems from the Tang and Five Dynasties have long had this characteristic. During the Song and Song Dynasties, Wanyue Ci flourished unprecedentedly and became popular all over the country. Liu Yong's lyrics say, "Wherever there is a place to drink from a well," one can sing it. This shows how widespread it was at that time. Until modern times, graceful words still have "singability". This is its outstanding feature.
Romance is the traditional theme of graceful poetry and the main feature of graceful poetry. It moves people with emotion and describes the joys and sorrows of the world.
The world of Chinese poetry is a garden filled with beautiful flowers and colorful flowers. The colorful, charming and graceful words add infinite brilliance to our country's classical poetry, and also play a role in carrying forward the past and ushering in the future for the development of our country's literature. Since the Tang and Five Dynasties until modern times, Wanyue Ci has inherited the fine tradition of folk songs, constantly introduced new ones, and formed its own characteristics.
Romance is the traditional theme of graceful poetry and the main feature of graceful poetry. It moves people with emotion and describes the joys and sorrows of the world. The splendid "Flower Room Collection" is a romance work. Wei Zhuang, a poet from the Five Dynasties, was good at using various lyrical techniques to successfully express his feelings about life. Yan Shu's "Zhuyu Ci" is lyrical and euphemistic. Like pearls and jade, the light shines brightly. Ouyang Xiu is a leader of scholars and a central figure responsible for cultural and moral traditions. In his poems, we can only see his serious and moralistic face, but his lyrical poems are charming, soft and touching. Nalan Xingde, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, was good at writing and writing, but his short poems were euphemistic and touching. Gai "There are feelings that cannot be expressed in literature and poetry cannot be Taoist, but they can be euphemistically described in long and short sentences." (Zha Li's "Tonggutang Cihua"). Writers reveal the true feelings, sadness and joy in their hearts through lyrical and graceful words, twists and turns, and win the sympathy and sympathy of countless readers in ancient and modern times.
Love is an important part of people's lives. Expressing love reflects people's passionate pursuit of love, yearning for a happy life, and sadness and lamentation when they are persecuted and frustrated under the rule of feudal ethics. It has become an important content of graceful words. It is first expressed in the bold pursuit and praise of love. The author of the Dunhuang song "Bodhisattva Man" boldly and frankly yet euphemistically wrote "I have made a thousand wishes before my pillow, and I have to wait until the green mountains fade away" to express the eternal wish of love. Feng Yansi's "Longevity Girl" describes a couple's toast and vows to live forever and never be separated. Wei Zhuang's "Sidi Xiang" "I plan to marry you and live in peace for the rest of my life. Even if I am ruthlessly abandoned, I can't be ashamed", which praises the innocent girl's passionate pursuit of love. Li Qingzhao's famous work "Drunken Flowers" and "Misty Thick Clouds and Sad Days" are expressions of love and describe her happy and happy love life.
Sentimental poets often praise the sincerity of love by expressing sorrow and separation. "The willows in the West City make the spring soft. I am moved away from my worries, and my tears are hard to hold back. I still remember the sentiments, and we once returned to the boat together." (Qin Guan's "Jiang Chengzi") A song of separation is touching. Liu Yong's masterpiece "Rain Lin Bell" expresses the strong and touching wanderer's separation. "Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, I was speechless and swallowed." vividly depicts the painful state of mind of being separated from your lover and wandering around the world. Su Shi's "Jiang Cheng Zi" "Ten Years of Life and Death" expresses his true love for his deceased wife "without thinking about it, never forgetting it". "After parting, we meet again, and we have the same dreams as you." (Yan Jidao, "Partridge Sky") describes the mutual love on that day and the longing for each other after parting. It is sad, sad, charming, romantic, gentle and natural. Ouyang Xiu's lyrical poems such as "Treading on the Shasha", "Waiting for the Pavilion with Broken Plum Blossoms", "Butterflies in Love with Flowers", "How Deep the Courtyard is", etc., although they are about children's private love and parting mood, they are written in a clear, graceful and profound way. .
"Every night I miss my lovesickness more and more, I am saddened by the bright moon, I miss you and my brocade quilt is cold" (Wei Zhuang's "Huanxisha") writes about the memories of love life and the pain of parting and missing lovesickness, full of true feelings.
In the long-term feudal society, the misfortunes of women, especially those singers who were suppressed at the bottom of society, and the pain of frustrated literati were often expressed tearfully in euphemistic words. Liu Yong had a bumpy career and wandered in the lower class society for a long time. His lyrics often use great sympathy to express the pain and mental outlook of the singers, as well as his love for them. "When the hatred and cruelty are gone, there is no message", "I regret that I didn't lock the carved saddle at the beginning", "The town is with me, don't throw away, the colorful thread is wandering with Yi Si." ("Ding Fengbo") is written in the poem. It not only reveals the physical and mental torture suffered by the singers, but also shows their passionate pursuit of love and yearning for a free and happy life. "Ecstasy. At this moment, the sachet is secretly dissolved, and the Luo belt is lightly separated. The whole poem is won, but the brothel survives in name only." The whole poem expresses the infinite sadness and separation of "sadly ecstasy". It shows the artistic effect of the euphemistic words "to describe the scene that is difficult to describe, to express the emotion that is difficult to describe, and to express it naturally".
Elegant poems also often express feelings of sadness and sadness. Writers have incorporated the hatred of family and country and feelings of life experience into erotic feelings or into chanting objects. On the surface, they appear to be expressing love and describing objects, but in fact they have different sustenance. "How much hatred is in my dream last night. It still seems like the old days when I visited Shangyuan" ("Wang Jiangnan"), "When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come, how much do you know about the past? There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland cannot bear to look back at the bright moon" ("Yu") "Beauty"), "Continuous cutting and chaos, it is the sorrow of divorce. Don't have the ordinary feeling in the heart" ("Happy Meeting"), "The flowers fall when spring passes, and the world is in heaven and earth" ("Langtaosha"), Li Yu is in The poem uses vivid images and fiery emotions to express the hatred of the country's subjugation through the flowers, moon and spring breeze. Song Huizong's "Yanshan Pavilion" euphemistically and sadly describes the infinite emotions after the country's death and capture. Xin Qiji's "Touching the Fish" "can eliminate several storms, and the spring returns in a hurry", using metaphorical techniques, using "beautiful herbs" to describe gentlemen and wise men; using men and women to represent monarchs and ministers, it expresses the affairs of family and country, and the feeling of life experience. It's sentimental, sentimental and subtle.
Poetry writers often express their feelings about their life experience through chants of swallows, willows, plum blossoms, and poplar flowers, and express meanings that are difficult to express clearly. For example, Lu You's poem "Yong Mei" uses plum blossoms as a metaphor for itself, which is both implicit and thought-provoking. Writers often use flowers, plants, boudoirs, seeing off spring, and appreciating spring as themes to express their taste in life and express their love for beautiful things and their sadness when they suffer setbacks. "There is no choice but the flowers fall away, and it seems that the familiar swallows are coming back" (Yan Shu's "Huanxi Sand") expresses the feeling of cherishing spring and being nostalgic for the singer, and expresses the author's slight sadness. This word is gentle, graceful, elegant, elegant but not frivolous, and the diction is beautiful but not obscene. It is most appreciated by people.
The war destroyed the peaceful and stable life and brought huge disasters to the people. The hatred of the country being destroyed and the death of the family, and the feelings of separation and death are constantly reflected in graceful words. "Magnolia" written by Jiang Xing's ancestral daughter, "Approaching Yanshan, looking back at the hometown is difficult to return to", vividly expresses the infinite pain of being kidnapped and leaving her hometown to go north, vividly reflecting the social life and social life of that chaotic era. The suffering of the people.
Writers of the graceful style of poetry
1. Yan Shu, courtesy name Tongshu, posthumous title Yuanxian
Works: Zhuyu Ci Huanxi Sha, Ta Sha Xing, Qing Ping Le, Picking Mulberries, Shanting Willow, Die Lianhua.
Style: philosophical and thought-provoking. The pearls are round and jade-like, the atmosphere is rich and noble, and the style is elegant. He Wan Mingli was the founder of the Yisheng family in the Northern Song Dynasty.
2. Zhang Xian, courtesy name Ziye, Zhang Sanzhong, Zhang Sanying
Works: An Lu's Ci Tianxianzi, Xie Chichunman, Qinyuanchun, Returning to Chaohuan, Breaking the Formation Music, and Peony Cutting.
Style: The lyrics are mainly composed of Xiaoling, and the content mainly writes about things in the heart, tears in the eyes, and people in the heart. Among them there are many works with sincere and healthy emotions and delicate and novel techniques. He is good at expressing a hazy and subtle beauty with skillful brushwork.
3． Liu Yong, courtesy name Qiqing, Liu Qi, Liu Tuntian
Works: Collection of movements: Ba Sheng Ganzhou, Yulin Ling, Ye Banle, An Gongzi, Die Lianhua, Ding Feng Bo, Qu Yu Guan.
Style: The mood is desolate but the realm is broad, the description is tortuous but the writing is vigorous. The techniques of narration and line drawing are used to "develop the narration without leaving anything behind", integrating narrative, scene description, lyricism and discussion into one, vivid and well-layered. 1. In terms of form, use more slow words. 2. In terms of content, they may express the sadness of missing talents, describe the depression of wandering in exile, or write about the romantic life of indulging in singing and drinking. 3. In terms of expression, it is good at narrative techniques. 4. In terms of words and sentences, most of them are slang sentences.
4. Zhou Bangyan, courtesy name Meicheng, nicknamed Qingzhen
Works: Qingzhen Collection, Pianyu Ci, Ruilongyin, Su Muzhe, Lanling Wang, Jie Lianlian, Yulouchun.
Style: The writing is full of twists and turns, with strands of erotic emotions, hesitant to speak, twists and turns, implicit, natural and muddled, with a feeling of depression and frustration. 1. Strict rhythm. 2. Beautiful words and sentences. 3. More colorful scenes.
5. Yan Jidao, whose courtesy name was Shuyuan and nicknamed Xiaoshan, and his father were collectively known as "Er Yan" or "Big and Small Yan"
Works: Xiaoshan Ci Partridge Sky, Huanxi Sand, Dielianhua.
Style: Most of his poems are erotic, describing the joys and sorrows of love, separation and separation in life, which are lingering, pathos, sad and moving. Ci is known for its sincerity and sincerity.
The language is pure, natural and fresh, and the distinctive image and mood are chosen to fully reveal the lingering emotions. It is luxurious but not superficial, elegant but not vulgar. The early works are mostly rich and romantic; the later works are mostly gloomy and desolate.
6． Qin Guan, also known as Shaoyou and Taixu, also known as Huaihai Jushi, one of the Four Scholars of the Su family and one of the Six Gentlemen
Works: Huaihai Ci, Huaihai Jushi's short and long sentences Man Ting Fang, Magpie Bridge Immortal, Huanxi Sha, Tasha Xing, Such as Mengling, Huatangchun, Jiangchengzi, Dielianhua.
Style: graceful and graceful, with words that match the mood. He is good at using elegant language and subtle techniques to express his works through soft and graceful tunes, so he feels both emotional and charming, sad and moving. 1. Pay attention to the picture and be rich in painting. 2. The sound is harmonious and the melody is beautiful. 3. The words are delicate and rich in associations. 4. Good at expressing emotions, turning scenery into emotions, and incorporating people into scenery, making it appear ethereal, rippling and full of charm.
7． Li Qingzhao, layman Yi'an
Works: Shuyu Ci Slow Voice, Drunken Flower Yin, Ru Mengling, Linjiang Xian, Wulingchun, Yujiaao.
Style: 1. The artistic conception is deep and distinct. 2. The language is frank and natural, fresh and elegant. 3. The melody is rigorous and harmonious.
8． Jiang Kui, courtesy name Yaozhang, also known as Baishi
Works: Baishi Taoist Songs, Baishi Ci, Dark Fragrance, Sparse Shadows, Nian Nujiao, Yangzhou Slowness, Jiao Zhao, Dian Xiuchun - composed by Ding Weidong, Wu Song.
Style: 1. Review the sound and create the tone. 2. Practice words and sentences. 3. Use allusions wonderfully. His poems embody personal feelings of life experience and hatred of family and country in chanting things and chronicling travels. They are precise in melody, implicit in writing, elegant in style, and far-reaching in emotion. They are unique and unique in the poetry world of the late Southern Song Dynasty. This is because although he inherited the tradition of the graceful school such as Zhou Bangyan, he also absorbed the vigorous style of the Jiangxi school of poetry and the vigorous style of the Xin school poets. Fresh and refreshing.
9. Shi Dazu, courtesy name Bangqing and nickname Meixi
Works: Meixi Ci Qiluoxiang - Wing Chunyu. The first branch of the east wind - Wing Chun snow. Shuangshuangyan - Yongyan.
Style: He specializes in chanting objects, and his style of writing tends to be light and gentle. His poems chanting things and imitating paintings are fascinating, and his expression is extremely beautiful, every detail is vivid, and lifelike; every word is carved, and every word is natural.
10． Wu Wenying, courtesy name Junte, also known as Mengchuang, also known as Jueweng
Works: Mengchuang Ci Qi Letian - and Feng Shen lived in Yuling Tomb. The high balcony - Fengle Building is as rhyming as the word "Zhu Yingtai" - the beginning of spring on New Year's Eve. Ba Sheng went to Ganzhou-Lingyan to accompany Yu Mu and his dukes on a tour.
Style: Pay attention to rhythm and be able to compose your own music. In the pursuit of elegance, we pay special attention to diction, and pay attention to the training of words and sentences, striving to be elegant and correct, and to sweep away the common sayings in the market. In particular, he deliberately pursues subtlety and profoundness. The words must be cryptic and profound, and the use of pronouns and uncommon idioms may sometimes lead to obscurity, making it difficult to read and understand.
11． Wang Yisun, also known as Shengyu, also known as Zhongxian, a native of Yushan Mountain
Works: Bishan Yuefu Huawaiji Qi Letian - Cicada. Meiwu - new moon.
Style: Elegant, deep and graceful, quite like Zhou Bangyan; its steep parts are also like Jiang Baishi. Especially good at chanting things. The writing is graceful and smooth, leaving no trace.
12. Zhang Yan, courtesy name Shuxia, also known as Yutian, also known as Le Xiaoweng, Zhang Guyan, and Zhang Chunshui
Works: Baiyun Ci in the Mountains Yuefu refers to the high balcony - West Lake Spring Feeling Flute under the Moon
< p>Style: In his early years, he was Prince Taiping, who lived a leisurely and artistic life. His lyrics focused on rhythm and expression skills, and the content mostly described the life interests of the noble prince who traveled to lakes and mountains. After the fall of the Song Dynasty, the style of poetry gradually changed. The feeling of prosperity and decline, the pain of country subjugation and the suffering of wandering in the rivers and lakes became the main theme of poetry, with a desolate style and gentle thoughts.