one
Appreciate the bamboo forest story in the original text
There is a river out of the city. Cross the river and go west. There is a cluster of bamboo forests at the foot of the dam, and a heavy hut is exposed in the bamboo forests. There are vegetable gardens on both sides of the hut: twelve years ago, their owner was a very kind person and everyone praised him.
At that time, we specially invited a gentleman to speak "Fan Jian Jian Jian Bian" in the ancestral hall, which made us know Lao Cheng. Old Cheng has a little girl who is very shy and loves to laugh. We cut vegetables to make her laugh. At first, we didn't know her name. When we asked her, she just laughed and didn't answer. Once I met old Cheng's "A San", I took her hand and said, "Haha, Third Girl!" Since then, we have married her three daughters. Judging from the name, the third girl should have sisters or brothers, but we really didn't see anyone else except her parents.
One day, when my husband was not at home, we all gathered at the door to throw tiles. Old Cheng's wife walked in front of us with scented paper in her hand, and soon she turned around. Instead of going straight along the original road, she reluctantly bent down and approached us with a smile: "Sir! Show me this sign. " We read the quatrains of the Bodhisattva and asked, "What do you want?" She told us a series of complaints before we knew there were two other girls on her head. Now, let her have this one and not have two diseases.
In addition to growing crops, Lao Cheng also sells fish. In April and May, after the rainstorm, the river was full of mountains and rivers. As usual, he took the net and walked to a grass pier by the river-this grass pier is also the place where his hometown washes clothes, because the sun can't shine here, and a tree shades it, forming a natural pavilion. The water rose, and the stone for washing clothes sank to the bottom of the river, showing a green slope, just above the water. Old Cheng always stands on it like rowing, swinging his net around the water. If you do this, you will turn around and fall into the dug swing-the little palm of the third girl. At this time, you will be jubilant and lively with her, and you will wait to be caught jumping around, and then sit on the grass and watch your father.
The water is gurgling, the net is sticking out of the water, the water drops are hitting the water, and the branches immersed in the water are banging. The third girl gradually forgot where her father stood, just kept digging and singing in a low voice; When my hair fell to my eyes, I raised my skull and unconsciously caught a glimpse of a pile of foam on the turbulent water. I suddenly got excited, but immediately disappeared, and my head was covered by leaves-let my eyes return to my father, and suddenly I said, "Ouch!" " This time it's a big fish! My mother came along the dam and said that the salt in the salt bowl might not be enough for a meal.
Old Cheng turned his head from the street, and there was smoke on the top of the hut. Bang, the pig hiding in the garden eating vegetables came running, and Third Girl came out. Old Cheng took out a big red rope from his purse and said, "Sam, is this for braiding?" The third girl grabbed it in her hand and ran to the corner of the stove with a hip flask. "Save it for the Dragon Boat Festival, don't spoil it!" Mother agreed to this and immediately put the watering can in the furnace hole to iron clothes. The third girl went to the room for a while and then came out. Seeing her mother smoking chopsticks, she quickly took out the cup-this is the only one at home, which has been kept by the third girl-and put it on the table on tiptoe. However, in the end, Lao Cheng had to move to the middle himself, and then he took out the pot. "Dad drinks, I eat dried beans!" Old Cheng really didn't need the food to drink, so he slowly gave it to Third Girl.
When three girls are eight years old, they can wash clothes instead of their mothers. However, on the hillside of the Green Tuantuan, there is no trace of the past journey-just look at the river dam on the other side of the bamboo forest, and there is a barren hill that looks like a teacher (naturally not our teacher). There are three or four bamboo poles in front of the pile, and only the branches that have not been cut off are hung on the paper scraps stuck by the rain, so you can know what it means.
My hometown is a 40-year-old mother-in-law. Usually, the clothes they wear are blue and blue, but now they don't have to wear pink shoes, so they don't look strange now. Only three girls have a layer of white cloth on their black and green shoes. Although they are more beautiful, they are as lazy as the three girls themselves.
However, this is not a long-term situation. Mother and daughter are so diligent and sensitive that housework is thriving. Just like this small world, spring has come, and the bamboo in the forest and the vegetables in the garden are more lovely and green every day. Old Cheng's death is just the opposite. Every day, he becomes more and more indifferent. Only the eagle hovered on the roof, and the mother called her daughter, "Go to Dan to see the baby chicken." As soon as the three girls went to the bamboo forest, they knew that it was dad who slept here. Later, everything was paved, and even the fact that there was a father was almost gone.
In February, there were dragon lanterns everywhere in the city, and the streets were really crowded with people. Most of them are women from neighboring villages. They rushed from street to street like a whirlwind. Men in the street also take this opportunity to milk cows. However, can you see three girls and their mothers? No, not once! The sound of gongs and drums can't surprise her mother and daughter any more than the birds living in the bamboo forest. When the chicken is on the mound, the cousins who live further west than here also invited a "third sister" by the way, and the third sister always declined with a smile. My mother strongly encouraged me to go all the way. Three girls sent the guests to the dam and then followed them out to see if they had sneaked away. However, others have gradually gone away, and my own is still a shadow.
It's natural that three girls refused, but mom's expression is a little puzzling! Looking at my mother's face with inquiring eyes, I was looking over, so I turned around and looked at my sister-in-law's direction:
"What's there to see? Group fights seem crazy! "
This was supposed to cheer my mother up, but she was still listless and calm. There is no water in the river and the sand is flat. Now the dam looks like a snake from a distance, and the people standing on it are smaller than the same sunspot. From here, the semicircular gate is also low enough to be integrated with the ground; The wooden bridge seems to have been seen in the painting, crawling on the beach; I counted it clearly on the dam, and when I got to the seaside, I disappeared in the blink of an eye, only feeling clusters of trees on the distant mountains. As for the bell, you can hear it better than standing nearby. Although he didn't understand what he was saying, he had already drawn the listener's heart. In the bamboo forest, as usual, finches are playing their evening songs, but for those who are used to listening, it can only increase the silence.
Finally, my mother broke the silence:
"Three o! I'm not afraid of cats jumping! You always keep this from me, what ... "
Mother was silent, and the third girl was upset, as if she was sorry. Suddenly, she came here to complain, but what happened just now seemed to be blown away by a gust of wind, which increased her strength and made her angry:
"what! What the hell is this? I don't like playing! "
The reason why three girls quarrel with their mother is that they are too clever. For example, they get up early every morning and clean the furniture in the room, but their mother says, "rural families, do you want this?" Occasionally, I went out to be a guest, only combed my hair scattered on my forehead in front of the mirror, but my mother took out a flower from the box. Now standing on the dam, tears in her eyes are about to burst out, and my mother is silent. My mother was very uncomfortable at this time, frowning and looking away, but Sannv never looked up! I didn't know I had entered the hut until I lit the lamp on the box. The moment during this period passed in my dream.
In the light, I immediately saw the three girls, holding a pile of straw and a basket of cabbage cut by my mother in the garden just after dinner, sitting on the bench and tying them together.
"Mom, this is much bigger than before! Two trees are afraid of a catty. "
Mom didn't expect to have food to sell at home tomorrow morning. The third girl didn't rely on her mother's help, and her mother finally sighed silently and tied her up with the third girl.
The three girls don't go to the streets to watch the lights, but they have seen them on their father's back many times in those years. Listening to the sound of gongs and drums inside and outside the city, they can draw what they remember. "Then go to the East Gate and get a reward at the entrance of the yamen ..." I feel that the place where the voice comes is such a guess. When my mother was a sister-in-law, she was just as happy to catch up with the excitement. Perhaps she remembered the situation more naively than Miss San. However, she was as happy as if she had come in person, but she accidentally spit out a few "yes"-which almost made Miss San stretch her waist: "Someone just urged me to play!"
The third girl really stood up, counted them one, two, three and four, and then put them in the basket one by one, so that she could pick them out and sell them in the street early tomorrow morning.
Seeing three girls carrying a load of vegetables on their lively shoulders, I must be surprised why they were so worthless last night that they didn't show their black but beautiful melon seeds by candlelight. No-if it's weird, it's just my mother. At the sight of three girls picking vegetables, people only remember three girls and three girls' dishes, and forget the rest, because three girls' lai can't buy them at the moment; Third girl's cabbage was so good that she didn't soak it all night. Cook more than others and taste sweeter than others.
I lived in the ancestral temple for six years, and the last impression I got from three girls was that they were selling vegetables.
The three girls are twelve or thirteen years old now, because it is summer and they are dressed in bamboo cloth, which is as light as moonlight-this is old, but if it is new, I am afraid it is not suitable for this, but we can't decide, because we have never seen three girls wearing new clothes: in short, three girls are beautiful. The three girls are as familiar as our husbands. The difference is that as soon as we saw him, we ran in and saw three girls standing there laughing unconsciously. However, the third girl was so quiet that the closer she got to us, the more our excitement subsided. When we picked up vegetables from her basket and took out copper coins from our own pockets, we felt that we were too sorry for the third girl. The third girl is always used to it, so she takes the copper coin and carries the basket on her shoulder.
Three girls sell green peppers a day. At this time, the green pepper was not born long ago, and we all discussed buying four taels to cook fish-fresh green pepper cooked fresh fish is delicious. Three girls are weighing themselves with scales, and we are all very happy. Some people say that crucian carp is not as good as bream One of them is the most joking, facing three girls:
"Third girl, if you weigh one or two more, you can come to eat when our meal is ready?"
Three girls laughed.
"Gentlemen have a meal? Do you want me to give you something? "
We all laughed; I don't care that the three girls really grabbed a handful from the basket and threw it in the original weighed pile.
"Three girls don't eat our meal, and mother is waiting for dinner at home. We have nothing to thank Miss San, but we hope Miss San will meet a good uncle in the future. "
I say this. However, the three girls also drove away.
I haven't seen three girls since. By this year, I have come home from far away to spend the Qingming and foggy weather. I plan to go to the suburbs to see incense burning, walk to the dam and see the bamboo forest from a distance. My memory is like a pool of spring water, wrinkled by the wind. Wandering around, two women came from the path of bamboo forest on Bashang. One stopped, and the one in front walked over and reacted. I immediately recognized three girls!
"My third sister is too busy to catch the Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, because someone has to come first and not eat!"
The woman heard clearly.
There was no other sound: the third girl's shoes stepped on the sand. I was anxious to cross the bamboo forest, but I was temporarily facing the running water and asked the three girls to lower their heads.
1924 10 month
Introduction:
The Story of Bamboo Forest, with the bamboo forest as the background, describes several life segments of peasant woman A San from childhood to marriage in the first person way, and creates a virtuous and clever female image. It is one of the most poetic and youthful works in the early period of new literature. In poetic language, the author writes about bamboo forests, vegetable gardens, huts and young girls, spiritualizes natural scenery, extracts human beings from the world, and shapes the image of a pure, naive, elegant and energetic rural working girl-San Girl, who grew up in a quiet patriarchal countryside with sincere and friendly feelings.
Background:
This is the tragedy of this article. People who love and live together are not good at expressing themselves and always end up in silence. However, misunderstandings and estrangements often come from deep silence. Mother and daughter not only have a hard life, but also have a lonely spirit. They are all lonely, helpless and lonely, and there is a kind of indifference and alienation between them. There is no warm and intimate communication between mother and daughter, and they can only become strange and distant through misunderstanding. Coupled with her father's death, there is no third person to mediate and communicate their atmosphere, and they can only gradually become embarrassed and alienated. If the mother remarries later, the three girls are even more reluctant to go home. ).
Words:
Cabin:
A thatched cottage.
Ancestral temple:
The ancestral temple is a place where Confucian worships ancestors or sages.
Sister:
Now it is often used for brothers and sisters, sisters and siblings, referring to sisters and sisters.
Canopy:
A shed dedicated to shading the sun and enjoying the cool in summer.
Whip:
Scold loudly.
note:
It can also be used as paperweight.
Hawke:
Sparrowhawk, a kind of Meng bird, is smaller than eagle, with grayish brown feathers, white abdomen, reddish-brown horizontal spots and feet.
Wave wrinkles:
It refers to wrinkles.
Exercise questions:
1. This novel mainly tells the story of three girls. Why did it write the story of bamboo forest many times?
Answer: Bamboo grove is the life background of the heroine's three girls and the place where the story takes place. Quiet bamboo forests create a quiet and uncontested environment; Set off the three girls * calm and tough character. The characters are integrated with the natural environment and full of poetry.
2. Analyze the role of "I" in the novel?
Answer: I am a witness to the ups and downs of the fate of three girls. Narration increases the authenticity of the story and is the clue of the novel. My perspective is conducive to the expression of the author's feelings.
two
Appreciation of Schindler List
In artistic creation, there is often a problem of repetition and change. Only by repetition without change will the work be monotonous; It's easy to make a mess if you just change it without repeating it. This problem is particularly important in works with "continuity". When I say "persistence", some of them are persistence in time; Have a plenty of continuity of space transfer. Because works or viewers are gradually transferred from one space to another, they also have the continuity of time, so there is a comprehensive continuity of time and space.
Music is a continuous artistic creation. We can often hear that in the process of a song or music lasting from beginning to end, there are always some repeated phrases and paragraphs-either exactly the same or slightly changed. Through these repetitions, the author obtained the unity of the whole music.
Theme and variation in music is another example of achieving unity through repetition and change of time. In Schubert's Quintet Trout, we can hear the theme of trout and its endless variations. However, these changes are the theme of "never changing their original religion". The accompaniment of the trickling water wave is also repeated constantly, so that you can vividly see a few trout swimming leisurely in this accompaniment "water", so that you can "experience the happiness of fish".
Most of the art on the stage is a comprehensive continuation of time and space. Almost all dances have to repeat the same action several times, often combining the repetition of action with the repetition of music, but in the process of repetition, corresponding changes are given; Through this repetition and change, we can highlight some effect and express some thoughts and feelings.
This can sometimes be seen from the artistic treatment of painting.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in Song Dynasty, is a famous painting. Its hand-rolled form endows it with "continuity" in space and time. Painters make use of some similarities between trees, boats and houses, especially the endless tile ridge 1, to arrange them repeatedly in order to achieve the unity of several streets (that is, pictures). Of course, there are endless changes in repetition. The focus of different stages is also the position of spiral changes on the screen, which is fascinating step by step. Before you know it, the painter has successfully controlled your emotional direction with various repetitions.
Li, a famous painter in the Song Dynasty, used repetition more prominently in his Pastoral Map. The whole Handscroll 4 is the repetition of countless horses, and it is a piece of music. It is divided into several "themes" and "variations" by "riding" and "horse", which means that it is accompanied by a few lines of words on the low and gentle hillside and scattered solitary trees in "Yuanye". The sharp contrast between this "accompaniment" (background) and the theme is also the originality of the painter's bleak management.
The unity of the above repetition and change plays an extremely important role in the artistic effect of architectural image. Countless buildings in ancient and modern China and abroad, with few exceptions, almost all reuse various components or other components as one of the important means to achieve artistic effects.
Take the Great Hall of the People in the capital as an example. One of the most outstanding factors of its artistic effect is dozens of columns. Although the height of this column is slightly different from that of another column in different parts, each column is a simple repetition of the same column. As for other doors, windows, eaves, foreheads, etc. , are all the same. such
Repetition is an important factor that endows architecture with unity and grandeur, and it is also one of the most prominent features in its image.
One of the most prominent examples in history is the Palace Museum of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing. Since the Zhonghua Gate (Daming Gate and Daqing Gate) was demolished, it has been arranged in the corridors of Tiananmen Square. From Tiananmen Square to Duanmen and Wumen, there are repeated "same" courts everywhere. Further, Taihe Gate and Hall of Supreme Harmony, Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall become a group of "first three halls", which are similar to the repetition of Gan Qing Gate and Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, more like themes and variations in music; Each block itself is also a repetition of many components and components (phrases and paragraphs); On the other hand, the corridors, pavilions, buildings and doors on the east and west sides are relatively low, mainly repetitive, but there are quite different "accompaniment". However, the whole Forbidden City, every group, every hall, pavilion, gallery and gate were built in accordance with the unified specifications and forms of the "engineering practice" of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and even colored paintings and sculptures were endlessly repeated. We can say that they are the same.
However, who can't help but feel that stepping into Tiananmen Square is like walking in a big "hand scroll"; With the passage of time, space keeps "flowing". Although the production methods of those halls, doors and corridors are the same, every few steps, looking forward and looking back, looking left and right, the outline and light and shadow of the whole scene are constantly changing, and one new picture appears around, which is ever changing. The dialectical unity of space and time, repetition and change has made the Forbidden City in Beijing.
This can also be seen in the Humor Garden in the Summer Palace, which has a complete 360-degree circle around the pool.
As for the promenade of the Summer Palace, it can be said that the same is true. However, it is the endless repetition that gives visitors the special feeling that only it can give people. Dare to put forward an absurd idea: there are hundreds of columns, hundreds of beams, a square, a circle, an octagon and a hexagon in the 800-meter corridor. One is fat, one is thin, one is curved, and the other is straight ...; A piece of wood, a stone, a piece of copper, a piece of reinforced concrete ...; Red, green, yellow, blue ...; A plain, high-flying dragon, a shallow carved grass, a painted group flower ...; What will the promenade look like with this ever-changing layout!
Some people may ask: before going to the promenade, weren't the flower windows on the lakeside cloister of Leshoutang unique and ever-changing? Yes, as far as the cloister is concerned, this is precisely a question of "identity" and a small change in the Great Unification. It not only has the harmony of "small differences" in flower windows, but also does not harm the unity of "great harmony" in cloisters. Let's take these small changes in the flower windows as the "prelude" to the endless repetition of the colonnade, which is also a technique of "wanting to promote first".
Looking at the history of world architecture, all outstanding single buildings or groups, a street or a square are often won by the unity of repetition and change of architectural image. It is said that it is the same, but it is actually ever-changing. Every street is a picture scroll and a piece of music. Unity and ever-changing unity play an important role in urban landscape. In the past 12 years, our planners and designers have not done a satisfactory job in the architecture of cities all over the country. In order to save money quickly, we have done a lot of standard designs, but "good" includes both artistic aspects and "letting a hundred flowers blossom". The standard design of some of our communities is "the same" so that children can't find their homes crying; Some streets and houses have different styles, which are not harmonious with each other; Even if they are beautiful in themselves, they are "harmful" but not "selfish" when put together, and they are dazzling. It is necessary to let a hundred flowers blossom and be colorful, but also to avoid disorder and mutual color reduction; It is necessary to be harmonious, unified and complete, and to avoid sameness and monotony. This annoying contradiction is a problem that architects should seriously consider.
In the past 12 years, our planners and designers have not done a satisfactory job in the architecture of cities all over the country. In order to save money quickly, we have done a lot of standard designs, but "good" includes both artistic aspects and "letting a hundred flowers blossom". The standard design of some of our communities is "the same" so that children can't find their homes crying; Some streets and houses have different styles, which are not harmonious with each other; Even if they are beautiful in themselves, they are "harmful" but not "selfish" when put together, and they are dazzling. It is necessary to let a hundred flowers blossom and be colorful, but also to avoid disorder and mutual color reduction; It is necessary to be harmonious, unified and complete, and to avoid sameness and monotony. This annoying contradiction is a problem that architects should seriously consider.
Introduction:
This paper is a scientific and technological exposition with rich contents and involving many disciplines, which is quite representative and influential in Chinese architectural theory. However, the author did not pretend to write it as an obscure lecture, but it was easy to understand, and its character and style can be used as a model for our future generations to learn.
Background:
Liang Sicheng, the eldest son of Liang Qichao, was born in Xinhui, Guangdong in190/and died in Beijing in 1972. China is a contemporary architect, architectural theorist and educator, the main designer of the National Emblem of China and the Monument to the People's Heroes, and founded the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University and Northeastern University. Liang Sicheng has also made outstanding achievements in architectural theory. In the 1950s, his proposals and ailments about Beijing's urban renewal and cultural relics protection attracted much attention, which made people sigh and thought-provoking.
Words:
Ambiguous
Everyone knows the bad reputation.
be lost in thought
Rows of tiles on the roof
Inapproachable
Be stereotyped
summary
Langguan
Exercise questions:
1. The following statements about the selected text are incorrect.
A. Rhetorical devices used in selecting articles include parallelism, rhetorical questions, metaphor, exaggeration, etc.
B "Uniformity and ever-changing unity play an important role in urban landscape" is a summary of the above.
C. The selected article not only analyzes specific cases, but also summarizes the breadth and height of world architectural history.
D. "It is necessary to let a hundred flowers blossom and be rich and colorful, but also to avoid disorder and reduce each other's color; Harmony, unity and integrity, while avoiding monotony and monotony, are the central arguments of this paper.
2. The understanding of the following statement, the wrong one is
A. The phrase "Every street is a picture scroll and a piece of music" vividly illustrates the beauty of uniformity and ever-changing unity of streets.
B "The promenade in the Summer Palace is unique" means that the endless repetition of the promenade in the Summer Palace can give visitors a special feeling.
C. In the article, "I want to push first" means that the pillars of the lakeside cloister in Leshoutang are "uniform" in order to better reflect the "ever-changing" of the flower windows on the cloister wall.
D. "The phrase" harming others is not good for yourself "means that some houses in the street are not harmonious with each other and belittle each other.
3. One of the following statements is incorrect
A architecture, music and painting are unified through repetition and change in the continuous process of time and space.
B. The 20 series "One Root" in the first paragraph of Selected Works reinforces the so-called "ever-changing" disorder and absurdity of "square", "circle", "octagon" and "hexagon" in a repetitive way.
C. "The words" sameness leads children to cry and find no home "and" sameness leads to dazzling "point out the practical problems existing in urban architectural design at that time.
In the end, D vividly quoted the unsatisfactory reality of architecture, and put forward higher requirements for the future development of our architects and construction industry.
4. Contact the text. One of the following statements is incorrect.
A. The topic of the text is repetition and change in artistic creation.
B the law of art determines that architectural design should strive to achieve the unity of repetition and change.
C. The author is good at screening out things with * * * from different materials, discovering the laws of * * *, and achieving mastery.
D. This paper tells the dialectical unity of repetition and change in the field of architecture, and expresses the author's unique views on architectural aesthetics.