Narrative is an article that expresses meaning in a narrative way. Narrative in a narrow sense refers to articles, stories, novels, fairy tales, fables, some diaries and so on. Describe the life segments or life experiences of the characters (biographies), the process of the occurrence, development and ending of things, and the scenery of a certain place. This is a narrow narrative.
Narration is a widely used expression. In addition to narratives, argumentative essays, expository essays and practical essays often contain memorable fragments.
The material is the fact reflected in the narrative. The scattered facts we usually get by observing life and reading books and newspapers are called "materials"; If the central idea is summarized from the materials, and then the materials are selected according to the central idea, those processed and selected materials are called "themes".
Mastering rich materials is the basis of writing a good narrative. Because the article is a reflection of objective things, the author should have a detailed understanding of objective things. If he knows nothing or little about objective things (materials), how can he reflect it? As the saying goes, "a clever woman can't cook without rice"; Without rice, it is difficult or impossible to cook. Students often say, "Teacher, I can't write." In fact, it is often "nothing to write", and articles with empty minds can't be written. If you carefully observe life, observe all kinds of people in life, and understand all kinds of things, instead of "turning a blind eye, listening without hearing", you will "turn a blind eye, listening without hearing", plus reading all kinds of books and newspapers extensively, you will accumulate all kinds of materials in your mind or notebook, and you will be able to write articles easily. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that collecting all kinds of materials is the premise of writing a good article.
The viewpoint reflected by describing people or things is the central idea. Please note that the central idea is an idea, an idea, not the course of events or the characteristics of people. Sometimes the teacher asked the students to write a central idea, and some students wrote, "This little thing shows that this character has a bad temper." Or "describe an ordinary little thing and explain how the schoolbag was found." This is not the central idea. If it is changed to "through a small matter, it shows that this person has a bad temper and affects unity" and "through the process of finding the schoolbag, it shows that the social atmosphere is improving", this is called the center ("central idea" is also called "theme, theme idea, central idea", and it is also referred to as "center" in daily life). The central idea of narrative can be clearly expressed in some sentences, such as Wei Wei's. But more narratives are not like this, but express the central idea by taking notes, such as Lu Xun's "From Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue". No sentence can express the central idea from beginning to end, and the central idea is expressed through the narrative of the full text. Where does the central idea come from? It is extracted from materials. For example, what does one thing mean? The problem or reason of this explanation is the central idea. It can be seen that the central idea comes from things (materials). This is the same as summarizing the center when learning each article in class. For example, in studying the lesson "For the Brothers of Class 61", we can sum up the central idea that "one party is in trouble, all parties support it, and the socialist system is really good" from the materials (themes) such as people going to various places to find medicine, Wangfujing specialty pharmacy making various preparations for delivering medicine, the Air Force ignoring the danger for delivering medicine, and the county party committee trying every means to save migrant workers. This is similar to writing an article, except that the center is summed up after learning the text, while writing an article is to set the center first and then write.
Summarizing the central idea from the material is the basic skill of writing narrative, which should be trained in a down-to-earth manner. There are also some ways of thinking in mind training, such as summing up the similarities and differences of things, expanding association, developing reverse association, expressing one's attitude, looking for causal connection and so on.
Yes, you can.
The concept of narrative: Narrative is an article with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narrative, scenery and things as its main contents. In middle school, for the convenience of teaching, news, communications, biographies, memoirs, fables, fairy tales, novels, etc. Often classified as narrative teaching.
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[train of thought analysis]
Write a narrative and an article about people. It is difficult to separate things from people in the text, because things are done by people, and people cannot be expressed without concrete things. Therefore, any narrative is written for people to see, and the narrative should express the ideological significance of the event, whether it is writing about the social outlook or writing about people. That makes sense.
[Problem solving process]
1. Grasp the situation and tell the truth.
Write what? Narrative refers to the narration of various events and is the basic form of narrative writing. Things must have specific plots, which refer to the changes and development of events and constitute the basic content of narrative. A complete plot should have time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event. Of course, these six elements are not necessarily needed in every article, and the form of expression can be flexible.
In order to truly reflect the reality of life, it is very important to grasp the plot, because the broad social life is expressed through the plot, and the plot is expressed in various life events in the article. These life events are extracted from a lot of daily life, and plot is one of the important means to express the central idea, which requires concrete, coherent and prominent ideological significance.
How to grasp the plot?
(1) Choosing and refining the plot is an important step.
Choosing and refining representative plots is to catch people and things that are vivid, novel and can reveal the profound meaning of life.
We said that the material in life is the basis of the theme, but the theme (plot) is not the simple accumulation of the material, but the result of processing and refining the material. The authenticity, richness and typicality of the plot all require us to select and refine the plot with ideological significance from the reality of life and based on the living materials. This process of selection and refinement is also a process of thinking deeply about life and deepening your understanding.
(2) "Grasp the situation" is very important.
Situation is situation, and situation is situation. Grasping emotion is to focus on rendering concrete and vivid situations and conditions in the article, such as how urgent the situation encountered by the characters is, how dangerous the situation is, how complicated and contradictory the situation is, how special the difficulty is, how wonderful the moment is, etc., and to grasp the "situation" for concrete rendering and description. On the one hand, writing in this way can make the character, quality and feelings more vivid and credible in the face of special difficulties or tests; On the other hand, we can catch readers, pay attention to the characters in the text when reading, and generate reading interest. A "situation" is described and rendered to highlight the background of the characters' activities. After that, it is more typical to portray characters. For example, Seven Matches describes the grassland climate change, and Little Orange Lantern describes the little girl's family. The description of the moon in the three pools from Hundred Herbs Garden to the moon in the three pools and the description in the beautiful snake.
2. "See the big from the small" and dig deep.
Although it is a small matter around us, the meaning of life should be far-reaching, which is "seeing the big with the small"
The theme of "seeing the big from the small" is small. Don't talk about the matter, but write the universal meaning reflected by this matter, that is, reflect the whole from the part. The ancients said, "You can see a leopard from time to time." Looking at the leopard through the bamboo tube, you can only see one spot on the leopard, but you can imagine the whole leopard. "Taste the meat (pāo) and know the taste of the iron pot, which is the sound of the tripod." Take a piece of meat from the pot and taste it. You can know the taste of a pot of meat and the quality of its cooking. This is the truth of "seeing the big from the small". Most of our classmates have experienced small things, and our understanding has certain limitations. Only by grasping the representative little things and writing in detail can we write well. The writing method of "seeing the big from the small" is also convenient for detailed description, in-depth writing, vivid writing and profound understanding.
For example, Mr. Fujino's selection of materials is very few. He writes that Mr. Fujino corrects homework, modifies illustrations and asks China women about foot binding. But these little things can show that Mr. Fujino has no national prejudice, is sincere to China students, and is rigorous and serious in his studies.
Garden Notes selects some trivial things about growing vegetables in Yan 'an, all of which are many fragments, but it has far-reaching historical significance and strong practical significance to show the glorious tradition of Yan 'an mass production movement and the struggle between the army and the people.
A Precious Shirt From the trivial matter of a shirt, we can see that Premier Zhou is concerned about the great personality of the people.
We often see the little things in life. It is important to pay attention to, be good at discovering, and pay attention to collection and accumulation. Rodin said: "The so-called master is a person who looks at what others have seen with his own eyes and finds beauty in what others are used to." The discovery of "beauty" mentioned by Rodin stems from the understanding and excavation of life. How can there be "essence" and "depth" without collecting rich materials?
3. Choose some materials and pay attention to the structural arrangement in writing.
1. In chronological order
Events occur, develop and change in a certain period of time, and materials are organized in chronological order. Such as childhood, adolescence and adolescence; Time periods in the morning, morning and afternoon; Before, during and after class; The time of a class, etc. Arrange the materials in chronological order, and events (or fragments) in different time periods should indicate the changes of time, giving readers a clear impression of the development of time and things.
2. According to the order of spatial transformation
Space (or place, environment) is the condition for the development of things, that is to say, things always exist in a certain space and develop and change in space, so narrative can not be separated from this condition.
There are relatively large areas in the space, such as intercontinental, but also relatively small specific cities, villages, streets, schools, playgrounds and so on. The structure is arranged through the transformation of different places and different landscapes. In this paper, it is necessary to point out the transformation of space, which will give readers a spatial change and spatial impression, and help readers grasp the changes of different styles in different spaces. For example, from Wansheng rice noodle in Jiangkou to shopping in the street, different places, different scenes and space changes express that "the street is lively." In different scenes, the narrative object and content are different.
3. The scene segmentation title type
A scene is a life scene composed of people who have relationships with each other on specific occasions. That is, the life picture centered on human activities consists of three factors: people, events and scenery. This paper selects several scenes, which should be organically combined, or in the form of sections and titles, or in the form of transitional paragraphs or sentences. The forms of sections and titles are more vivid, and the problem of design transition is also omitted.
4. Clues run through
When selecting several events or fragments, the article needs a clue to run through them, organically connecting large and small events or fragments into a whole.
Some articles take things as clues, mainly pinning the author's feelings on things and organically linking life fragments with something, such as "Remember a Spinning Wheel" and "Seven Matches". Some articles take "meaning" as the clue, that is, the central idea or the author's understanding as the clue to connect the fragments. For example, "Spring" expresses my love and pursuit of spring, and chooses a series of clips such as looking forward to spring, painting spring and praising spring, which reposes the author's feelings and runs through the whole text with the author's feelings about spring. Some articles take characters as clues, such as the little boy in Kong Yiji, and take what he sees, hears and thinks as clues, which run through several fragments and plots of the article.
You can also relate the events or fragments before and after according to the development and changes of the author's thoughts and feelings. Such as "litchi honey"
4. Point-surface combination
Point refers to the local and key points of things; Face refers to the overall situation of things and the overall situation. The narrator not only gives a general introduction or description of the whole picture and situation of a thing or a person, but also gives a detailed description and description of a certain part, one aspect, especially the key situation of a person or a thing, and organically combines the two, which is the combination of point and surface. The narrator has both the whole picture and the key points, which can give people a comprehensive, concrete, complete and vivid feeling.
For example, the part about Baicaoyuan in From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue has both the whole and the part. Writing a portrait of Lu Xun is a description of "point", a generalization of "face" and a great spirit of Lu Xun. In Mr. Fujino, several events and fragments describing Mr. Fujino's acquaintance, getting along and farewell with Lu Xun are "points", which summarizes Lu Xun's evaluation of Mr. Fujino's "big place", "small place" and "face".
5. The beginning is introduction, rendering and bedding, and the end is derivation, care and sublimation.
The ancients said: "Phoenix head, pork belly, leopard tail." (Quotations from Qiao Mengfu in Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Yuannan Village) means to pay attention to the beginning of the article, and designing a good beginning will add a lot of color to the article. "Phoenix head" means "beauty". To be beautiful, you can't simply think of it as beautiful words, but you should be able to capture readers and attract people. This is also beautiful.
The requirements introduced at the beginning are relevant, "beautiful" and attractive to readers. Rendering is to highlight its meaning with short sentences and catch the reader, just as Li Yu said in Random Feeling, "Strange sentences surprise me and I dare not give up." Of course, this is the requirement of writing poetry, and so is writing. It is not "strange", but real and "realistic", just like in front of you. Paving the road is to do some necessary paving and filling.
There are many ways to introduce, render and pave the way, such as:
Explain the environment, introduce people and things. Such as "Kong Yiji"
Point out the objects, people and things written. Like my teacher.
Cut to the chase, point out the topic and explain the writing motivation. For example, The Back and A Precious Shirt.
Solve the problem and lay the emotional tone for the full text. For example, praise for poplars.
Stick to the narrative and express your thoughts directly. For example, "Who is the cutest person?"
Describe the environment, render the atmosphere, and pave the way for the development of the plot, such as "Overriding Three to Five Fighting" and "Hometown"
Set a mystery, create suspense, and be fascinating.
Leading out, caring for and sublimating the ending is to lead the reader out of specific events and characters, make the narrative complete and lead the reader back to a broader social reality and a far-reaching realm. The ancients said "leopard tail", that is, the end should be strong, "make the finishing point", full of spirit and spirit, that is, endless aftertaste and thought-provoking, giving readers a leap in spiritual realm or ideological understanding. This is sublimation.
There are many ways to draw out, take care of and sublimate the ending, such as: naturally closing the beam, with endless aftertaste. Such as "Little Orange Lamp" and "The Back"
Infective lyrics. For example, "Who is the cutest person?"
The implication is profound, inspiring and thought-provoking. Such as "litchi honey", "hometown" and "overcharge three to five fights"
Echo the beginning and point out the theme. For example, a small thing, a precious shirt.
The ancients paid attention to "round head and round tail", "the first sentence marked its purpose, and the pawn chapter showed its will." (Bai Juyi's Preface to New Yuefu reveals the theme of the article. ""pawn chapter "is the end of the article. Ambition is the theme. Emphasize that the beginning is eye-catching and the end is sublimated. Li Yu's "Random Thoughts" in Qing Dynasty "must come straight to the point, don't cover the top with a hat", which vividly shows that the "mountain" and the title should not be blocked from the beginning. In the Song Dynasty, Shen Yi's Yuefu Finger Fan emphasized that "every sentence should be put out with infinite meaning." "Need" must be released, and the ending should be "memorable" and loud, just as Bai Letian said in "Poems on the Golden Needle" in the Tang Dynasty, "A word is like a stone on the mountain, which is gone forever."
When we write articles, we should also pay attention to "reviewing the pen and wrapping it all", which is integrated from beginning to end.
Six elements of narrative: time, place, people and the cause, process and result of things.
My grandmother's love inspired me.
From the moment when the illness mercilessly tore away the maternal love that should have enveloped me, I had a hunch that I might be thrown into the "bitter water tank" by fate. However, I am the lucky one among the outcasts, and God gave me a kind and lovely grandmother. In the stream of my life, I don't know how much grandma's love has dissolved.
I lost my mother when I was four years old, and my father was away for a long time, so I couldn't take care of my young age. My weak grandmother shouldered the burden of raising me without complaint. Grandma's endless love always touches my emotions and draws endless stories. Goodbye, goodbye. ...
I have to pay again. Since the third grade, I have paid countless times, and I can't count how many silver wires my grandmother added. Dad is not at home, so it's really hard for me to talk. I don't want to see grandma's locked brow again, and I don't want to hear a sigh filled with sadness. Although there is more than enough food and clothing at home, because I just built a new house and my grandmother is ill, there are still some difficulties in funding. When I was eating, I was just about to speak when I suddenly looked up and saw grandma's sideburns dyed whiter by winter frost. I just swallowed what I was going to vomit. Let grandma eat a stable meal.
After dinner, grandma tidied up the dishes with trepidation. I tried to hold back my tears and wanted to wait for the opportunity to say it. Grandma urged me, "Son, do you have any homework?" Want to write quickly, go to bed early after writing, and take the college entrance examination tomorrow, so grandma will be relieved! ""I ... "I tried to spit it out and swallowed it again. Grandma noticed my subtle changes and looked at my sour face with eager eyes, as if looking for something. Then he asked anxiously, "What's the matter, son? Don't hold back, if you hurt yourself, tell grandma quickly, and grandma can do something. " "No ... nothing. Grandma, I'll write it. "I panicked, pulled myself into the house and wrote. Behind him came a gentle sigh: "Alas!" My heart was immediately shocked by this gentle sigh.
Hardly had the clock struck ten when I went to bed. I don't know how long it took, but there was a cough in the room. I opened my eyes bored. Harsh voices came from grandma's room, and there was a faint conversation. "Old woman, wait until another day to find a doctor and get some medicine. You haven't eaten for more than ten days, have you? It's cold, it's time to buy a coat. " This is grandpa's hoarse voice. He got rheumatoid arthritis when he was young and couldn't get out of bed when it was cold. "The old man, don't have much money at home, children are not at home. You should also get some soybean oil, or you won't be able to cook tomorrow! By the way, tomorrow I will sell a bag of fruit, ask my neighbor to send you some plaster, and buy a pair of shoes for my children with the money saved. " "Yes, but you were so old that you vomited blood yesterday." "No, it's okay, granddaughter. She lost her mother long ago. Just don't suffer the children. " After a short silence, I heard my grandmother say, "What happened to Nell today? There is something to say. " "Well, I also feel something is wrong. Does the school want money again? " Listen, listen, I can't help crying. It turns out that grandma didn't get a "safe meal" either! "Grandpa, otherwise, don't sell some food until Nell's father comes back." The voice is getting smaller and smaller. Maybe grandma is afraid of waking my dreams. But her heart-rending cough came out again and reached the deepest part of my heart for a long time.
The next day, the students all paid the money. I dare not promise my teacher, and I don't know what to say when I go home. As soon as I stepped into the house, I saw that my grandmother had aged a lot after squatting in front of the stove all night. Wrinkles seem to be dense for several layers, and white hair seems to have increased a lot. Seeing me, grandma stood up with a cane in one hand and a wok in the other, shaking like a huge object. "Nell, come here." Grandma held out a pine veteran and took out a crumpled ticket from her pocket. I rubbed my eyes that had been blurred by tears. My grandmother seems to be limping towards me with a red thing in her hand. It's blood. Grandma spit it out. That is the heart, fiery and selfless. "grandma!" At this time, I couldn't control the tide of feelings and threw myself into grandma's arms, so wide and warm.
"Silly boy, why are you crying! If you want to pay, why don't you tell grandma? If I hadn't asked the swallow, I would still be in the dark. Don't hold back anything in the future. Grandma is distressed, ah, obedient. " I looked up at my grandmother's face full of love and concern, nodded vigorously, and made up my mind: Grandma, don't worry, I will definitely be admitted to the university to repay your fiery "motherly heart".
Grandma's love, warmth and fragrance; Grandma's love is selfless and great. It always spurs me, inspires me, struggles hard on the road of life and climbs the peak bravely.