First, the general situation of Yuefu poetry creation of "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty"
In the early Tang literary world, the creation of Yuefu poems showed a relatively prosperous situation. Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty are the most representative poets. First of all, let me briefly introduce the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty. They deserve to be Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo. Because both of them were in the literary world of the early Tang Dynasty at that time, later generations called them "four outstanding men of the early Tang Dynasty". Among them, Lu and Luo are slightly older than Wang and Yang, and their creative styles are different, each with its own strengths. Among them, Lu and Luo are good at singing, while Wang and Yang are good at five laws. However, they all belong to the truly talented and conceited poets among ordinary literati. "the official is small but talented, and the name is high and the position is low"? [ 1]? This is the most appropriate expression of their identity and achievements. Their hearts are full of fantasy and passion of serving the country and becoming famous, and they are condensed with Xiong Jie's spirit of not being lonely.
In the early Tang Dynasty, parallel prose and palace poetry prevailed in the whole early Tang poetry circle. Both of them are characterized by flowery words, gentleness and bonelessness, and Yu Shinan is the most representative poet of parallel prose. Shangguanti is famous for her representative poet Shangguan Yi's poem "Qi Cuo Wan Mei", which won the favor of Emperor Taizong, the supreme ruler at that time. Both of these poems lack the vitality that poetry should have. Yang Jiong said in "Wang Jibo Continued"; "Often in the early days of Long Shuo, the literary field was a variant, earning a slim structure and fighting for sculpture. Jade and dragon and phoenix are mixed, chaotic and purple-yellow, and their shadows follow their merits. The false pair is called beauty, and the spine is tired and the vitality is not heard. Think about its disadvantages and use it. " ? [2]? It is emphasized here that poetry should have strong character. Therefore, in the face of the poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty, Yang Jiong and Luo responded first. With his own creative practice, Sijie tried to change the poetic style of "striving for exquisite structure and carving". ? [3]? Their poems advocate the expression of personal feelings and oppose injustice in the world. Therefore, their poems naturally have a strong momentum, showing the touching power of generosity and sadness. The creation of Yuefu poems by these four outstanding poets reflects the change of poetic style from magnificent to magnificent in the early Tang Dynasty.
The creative activities of the "Four Masters" were concentrated in the period from Tang Gaozong to Wuhou, and they created a large number of powerful poems. When they first entered the literary world, they had an independent consciousness of changing the literary world. Their Yuefu poems are different from those of court poets, showing broader themes and deeper feelings, and have a very clear aesthetic pursuit: opposing beauty and extravagance and advocating vigorous and unrestrained are the biggest characteristics of their poems. Their creative achievements include Lin, Song of Picking Lotus, Night Banquet in Shanting, Ode to the Wind, Wandering with Immortals, Miscellaneous Songs, Long Autumn Night, Copper Bird Prostitute, Emperor Jing Ke, Difficult to Join the Army, and Giving Friends in the Army First.
Second, the "four masters in the early Tang Dynasty" inherited the Han Yuefu.
Han Yuefu was founded in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and its creation is closely related to the court music performance. But there are two different opinions about its meaning, one is the name of the court music institution, and the other is the lyrics in Yuefu-related music performances. The early Tang Dynasty was different from the palace poems. As the representative of the poems in the early Tang Dynasty, the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" always stood on the standpoint of the lower class and created a large number of poems with different styles on the basis of inheriting the poems of Han Yuefu, which provided a theoretical basis for the poetry creation of later generations.
(A) The inheritance of the theme of Han Yuefu by the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty"
I combed the poems of these four outstanding poets related to Yuefu, and found that their inheritance of Yuefu's old poems was mainly reflected in the inheritance of singing.
Advocating songs
I miss the people
The first impression this song gives people is that it is related to missing. Missing written by Han Yuefu is a love song with ups and downs. The poet expresses his feelings with things, describing the hero's psychological state incisively and vividly, but no matter whether the feelings in the poem are resentment or anger, they all come from true feelings. Look at the poem "Thinking" written by Yang Jiong in the early Tang Dynasty;
It is difficult for me to stay in Chu, and my husband will return to Yan in the north. One day in Sanqiu is less than 1000 years. Don't hide the red line, no matter how much green money you count. Acacia moonlit night, white clouds all the way. ? [4]?
Yang Jiong's "Thinking" inherits the old theme of Han Yuefu, and the emotion expressed in the poem is the thought of parting. The whole poem adopts the form of five laws, and the sentences are very neat. The four verses of the poem are written in antithesis.
There is a war in the south and the north.
This poem is a five-character poem written by Yang Jiong with the old theme of Yuefu, which bears the content of the frontier battle of Yuefu in Han Dynasty and has a powerful style. The Battle of the South of the City by Han Yuefu narrates the war and mourns the soldiers who died in the battlefield. Let's take a look at Yang Jiong's "Fighting against the North".
It's a long way from north to south. Flags are like bird wings, and armor is like fish scales. Cold water hurts a horse, and you hate Taiwan and worry about killing people. An inch of the heart knows the sun, and thousands of miles are black and yellow. ? [5]?
Yang Jiong's "Battle of the South of the City" tells the scene of the frontier battle in the language of the soldiers who came to the battlefield. Although there is no change in the title compared with Han Yuefu, it is quite different from Han Yuefu's "War in the South and the North" in terms of language and content expression. The word "far" and "bitter" at the beginning of the whole poem vividly shows the sadness of frontier fortress soldiers and is also the true expression of the poet's ideological tendency. At the end of the sentence, "a thousand miles of dark yellow dust" not only depicts the natural scene of the barren desert with yellow sand all over the sky, but also renders the tragic war. Exquisite language expression, rich emotional expression and strong artistic generalization reveal the determination of frontier fortress soldiers to cherish the motherland and serve the king with the confidence of winning.
(2) The four masters in the early Tang Dynasty inherited the theme of Han Yuefu.
The four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty not only inherited the poems of Han Yuefu, but also inherited the themes of Han Yuefu. This part first briefly introduces the theme of Han Yuefu. There are six kinds of themes of Han Yuefu, and the four masters inherited the theme of Han Yuefu in three aspects, namely, the theme of war, the theme of love and the theme of drinking in immortals.
1. Introduction to the Theme of Han Yuefu's Poetry
The last section describes the inheritance of the old topic of Yuefu by the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty, and this section talks about the inheritance of the theme of Yuefu poetry. First of all, we must be clear about the theme of Han Yuefu. Personally, there are six themes in Han Yuefu's poems:
The first is to reflect the pain of war. For example, a war in the South reflected the sufferings and tragic experiences of the people in the Han Dynasty during the war years.
The second is to reflect the pain of the corvee, such as the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". This poem describes a soldier who has fought abroad for 65 years. When he returned to his hometown at the age of 80, he got a shabby house. With all his relatives dead and nothing left, he used wild vegetables to satisfy his hunger. Faced with various scenes, the old man shed tears. Although the poem is slightly exaggerated, it reflects the situation of men's extended service, but it is close to the social reality at that time.
The third is to reflect poverty. Journey of the Sick Woman, Journey of the East Gate and Journey of the Orphan are the true portrayal of this theme. The poem "Journey of the Sick Woman" tells a scene in which a sick woman entrusts her child to her husband before she dies. The ending is about the husband's confusion in the face of children. These two scenes together constitute the whole poem, which describes the tragic experience of this poor family completely and skillfully. A Journey to the Orphans describes the abuse of orphans by their brothers and sisters-in-law after their parents died. The first person is adopted in the whole poem, which shows the helplessness of orphans. In the poem Journey to the East Gate, the hero rebelled because of poverty. The content of this kind of poems is real and touching, which makes people sad.
The fourth is to describe the theme of love. Thinking, Evil Spirit, Pulling Grass on the Mountain, Peacock Flying Southeast and Mulberry on the Stranger are the most representative works describing the theme of love.
The fifth is to describe the working life of working people. Because most of the poems of Han Yuefu came from the people, there were many poems that showed the people's working life at that time. For example, "Picking Lotus in Jiangnan" describes the songs sung by young men and women in Jiangnan when picking lotus, which shows the happiness of collective labor life of rural men and women and the beautiful natural scenery of rural areas in Jiangnan.
The sixth category describes the theme of marriage and kinship between ethnic groups. There is Liu Xijun's "Elegy" in the poems of Han Yuefu: "My family marries me, and I am far away from Wang Wusun. The vault is the room, the felt is the wall, the meat is the food, and the cheese is the pulp. I often have a lingering fear and wish to return to my hometown for Huang Wei. " ? [6]? Sara, the daughter of Hanshui King, whose original name is Wu Guo Sun, belongs to the poetry of marriage and affection among ethnic groups, which shows the heroine's yearning for her distant hometown.
The last kind of theme is to describe the impermanence of life by seeking immortality through wine. For example, Ximenxing is a similar work. The works that reflect the impermanence of life include "Poems of Complaining" and "Driving East Gate". Its theme is complaining about the impermanence of life and pursuing carpe diem, which expresses a strong decadent thought and a life-oriented attitude.
2. The themes of the four swan songs inherited the theme of Han Yuefu.
(1) War theme. The four great poets inherited the theme of Han Yuefu. The first aspect belongs to the theme of war. The Battle of the South of the City, one of the poems of Yuefu in the Han Dynasty, is the most representative war poem. Except Wang Bo, four outstanding poets have written many frontier poems, which also shows the poet's ambition to join the army, fight in frontier fortress and make a name for himself. Some describe fierce fighting, such as Lu's "South War": "Yanmen North, Pterosaur South." ? [7]? Some are Yang Jiong's "Battle of the South of the City": "The road to the north is far, and the battle of the south of the city is bitter." ; ? [8]? There are also those who express homesickness, such as Luo's Ci Pu and Lu's. The main idea of these poems is to kill the enemy and make contributions to the country. Poetry is impassioned in tone and solemn and stirring in style, which is the strongest sound in the early Tang Dynasty. Because of Wang's long-term frontier life, his frontier poems have achieved the highest achievement.
(2) Love theme. The theme of love has always been a topic of concern to scholars. Under the influence of Han Yuefu, four outstanding poets created many poems on love themes respectively. Such as Lu's "Looking at the trees in the house and thinking" (there is a courtyard tree in my house and autumn leaves are falling). This poem was written by the poet after observing the palace tree. The poem takes trees as the starting point, amphibians and acacia trees as the contrast, describes the love between men and women, and shows the pain of acacia and the longing for love. Yang Jiong and Wang Bin's Random Thoughts, as well as Wang Bo's Song of Picking Lotus and Song of Jiangnan, are all poems with love as the theme.
(3) The theme of drinking in immortals. Poems about immortals are one of the themes of Han Yuefu, which appeared in the unique style of classical literature and almost ran through any dynasty since the emergence of Han Yuefu. It has a long tradition, which reflects some aspects of life and highlights some desires, anxieties and sustenance in people's hearts. The four great masters also inherited this theme, but there are not many works, and I only compiled a few. One is that Wang Bo's Poems of Huaixian and Huaixian in Vision are Huaixian Poems, while Wang Bo's Poems of Drinking in Spring Garden are Huaixian Poems. However, most of these two poems show their admiration for immortals' wandering around and unrestrained life, and also reflect the awakening of human life consciousness from the side.
The above three aspects are the four masters' inheritance of the theme of Han Yuefu. Compared with the theme of wandering immortals, the number of poems about war love is slightly higher.
(3) In the early Tang Dynasty, the four masters inherited the style and form of Han Yuefu poems.
1. Inherit the magnificent poetic style of Han Yuefu.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the "Shangguanti" poems, represented by Shangguan Yi, were all the rage with their elegant and graceful poetic style. Although these four outstanding poets opposed palace poetry and advocated vigorous poetic style, which was a clear stream in the literary world at that time, their poems were inevitably influenced by these poetic styles in the torrent of history. In the form of language, it advocates spreading and spreading, pursues gorgeous rhetoric, and uses colorful words to achieve the purpose of harmonious phonology and gorgeous dazzling. For example, Wang Bo's "Song of Picking Lotus" among the Four Masters: "Picking lotus leaves, green water and hibiscus clothes. The autumn wind makes waves, the geese fly, the osmanthus falls on the long pu, and the jade wrist in the skirt shakes gently ... * * * Ask the Hanjiang River thousands of miles away, how heavy is Guanshan Road? " ? [9]? Poetry shows the deep yearning for their husbands and the infinite bitterness of poetry through the image-building and psychological description of women picking lotus. Poetry is rich in content and colorful in words, which is a masterpiece of realism.
2. Inherit the five-character style of Han Yuefu.
Generally speaking, there is no fixed syntax, sentence length is not fixed, and sentence expression is relatively flexible. Compared with miscellaneous poems, there are many complete five-character poems in Han Yuefu poems, such as Peacock Flying Southeast and Nineteen Ancient Poems, which are quite mature five-character poems. Four elder sisters' poems are mostly five-character poems, including seven-character poems and a few miscellaneous words. Like Lu's. Turn your head, Purple Horse, Looking at the trees and thinking; Luo's poems of Changle House, such as Landscape and Wang Zhaojun, etc. Wang Bo's Nights in Ma Ping and Farewell to Vice Governor Du's Office in Shu, while Yang Jiong's Joining the Army, Liu Sheng and Dike are all written in five-character poems. Compared with the sentence expression of Han Yuefu, the form of the four outstanding poems is much more neat, and they pay special attention to rhythm, which has played an inestimable role in shaping the five-character poems.
Fourth, the development of Han Yuefu by four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty.
In the history of Tang poetry, the four great poets are the generation who are brave in innovation. They opposed the flashy poetic style that followed the poetic style of the Six Dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty, and then advocated the vigorous poetic style, transferring poetry from a narrow court to a broad market, from pavilions to Jiangsai, opening up the theme of poetry, enriching the content of poetry, giving poetry new vitality, improving the ideological significance of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty, showing a brand-new style of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty, and leading the way of healthy Tang poetry. The contributions of four outstanding artists to the development of Han Yuefu are as follows:
(1) The development of the theme content of Han Yuefu
On the basis of inheriting the theme and content of Han Yuefu, the four masters expanded the theme and content of Han Yuefu's poems. The themes not involved in the poems of Yuefu in Han Dynasty are supplemented by the poems of four masters.
1. The expansion of object-chanting poems.
Homesickness is when a poet goes to a certain place, faces this situation and then thinks of the ancients. Epics have feelings for historical figures and events. However, in terms of expression techniques, they are all lyrical by borrowing things, and there are also poems involving homesickness in Han Yuefu poems. For example, there is a poem "Ode to History" in the poetry class of Han Yuefu, but from the title, it can be seen that it is an epic poem, a five-character poem of literati, which opened the precedent for later generations to chant epic poems. On this basis, the four masters expanded the content of the poems of Yuefu in Han Dynasty, not only describing historical sites, but also reflecting themselves through history. Four Jie's poems about memory include Recalling the Ancient Meaning of Pei Shirang, Recalling the Past, Chang 'an Ancient Meaning and so on. Most of their poems about memory express the feeling that their talents are not satisfied.
2. Farewell poems.
Among the poems of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty, the farewell poem is a special kind of poem, which is lacking in the poems of Han Yuefu. Four Jie's farewell poems include Farewell to Deputy DuDu's appointment to Shu, Luo's A Long History of Farewell to the Prince in Autumn, Yishui's Seeing Tianjin House, and Shaofu's Book, etc. The poem is full of nostalgia and reluctance before parting. The last four sentences in the poem are "Farewell to Lieutenant Du for Shu". "However, China has our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor. Why linger at the fork in the road? The child with a towel can be regarded as a famous masterpiece of farewell poems. This poem is different from the previous expression. The main purpose of this poem is to comfort friends not to be sad when they leave. Although I don't know when I can meet again, feelings can't be blocked by mountains and rivers.
3. The development of in my heart forever's poems.
Most of the previous poems described women's frivolity, but the four poets were different. They put women in the same position as men, for example, Wang Bo's Song of Picking Lotus, in which the description of women's appearance and love between men and women are very delicate. In Luo's "Guo Family's Encounter with Lu", the poet introduced the theme of realism into the poem and dedicated all his passion to the heroine. There are also praises for women's love, but they deeply sympathize with their experiences and strongly condemn men's ungrateful behavior.
4. Wandering poetry.
Most of the travel notes of the four great masters express the poet's thoughts of parting and homesickness for his hometown. The feelings expressed in the poem are sincere and warm, and the friendship is strong. It is really touching to read. For example, Wang Bo's "Friends on a Cold Night": "Old friends are sentimental and unwilling to meet each other." ? [ 10]? Their poems no longer describe children's affairs, such as seeing off Vice Governor Du to serve in Shu: "However, China has our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor; Why linger at the fork in the road, the child * * * is stained with towels. " ? [ 1 1]? Many people feel that time has passed and fame has not been achieved. -Wang's "Giving People to Yishui": "If yan dan is not here, a strong man will make a fortune. It's a pity that people are at the end, and the water is still cold today. " ? [ 12]? Among them, Wang Bo wrote many farewell poems.
5. complain about poetry.
Scholars in the early Tang Dynasty emphasized making contributions to the country and realizing self-worth. However, they came from humble origins and were brilliant, so their careers were not smooth sailing, which led to the failure of their ideals and the difficulty of fame, so they lamented that the world was difficult and human feelings were shallow. Such as Yang Jiong's "Fill More" and Lu's "It's Hard to Go to Heaven". On this basis, they also compare the poverty and loneliness of the poor with the luxury and lewdness of the nobles, expose the drunkenness of the nobles and the rich, and satirize their attempts to enjoy wealth and splendor, such as Lu's Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an and Imperial Capital. Although these two poems both adopted the traditional Yuefu classical poems, they also had the flashy poetic style of palace poems in terms of techniques and styles, but they revealed the social reality at that time.
6. Lyrics.
There were 4 1 poems about objects in the early Tang Dynasty. Among them, Lu and Luo wrote more poems about objects, which can be roughly divided into three categories. The first category is scenery, such as wind, clouds, rain and snow; The second category is flowers and trees, such as Yang, Liu and Mei. The third category is birds, animals, insects and fish, such as horses and geese. For example, the Moon on Wangjiang written by Hehe, the wine drinking clouds, the snow folding willows written by Luo, and the plum blossom falling written by Wang, Yang and Lu. The prominent theme in chanting poems is:
(1) expressed a positive attitude towards history.
As we know, the four outstanding men were humble and brilliant, and their careers were not smooth. However, since ancient times, scholars and writers all want to make contributions, and they all want to join the officialdom and participate in the discussion of state affairs, and the four outstanding figures are no exception. Therefore, based on this strong sense of serving the country, they are not willing to be mediocre, nor are they willing to be mediocre all their lives, so they only express their wishes by chanting things. For example, Lu's "Waves Wash Birds Out" and Luo's "Pick the Lamp Account" rely on gull chanting to pin the poet's lofty political ambitions.
(2) express the feeling of incompetence.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding men became famous as teenagers and were brilliant. Since childhood, they all had the desire to make contributions, but they were not accepted by the rulers at that time. Their careers are not smooth and their lives are bumpy. So they all expressed their feelings that they could not serve their country in their poems. Such as Lu's "Quchi Lotus": "The floating incense roars the shore, and the round shadow covers the huachi; I am often afraid of the early autumn wind, I don't know. " ? [ 13]? The last sentence, "I don't know if I lost my husband", expresses the poet's feeling of not meeting talents. The borrowing intention in the poem is just right. The poet compares himself to a lotus, but in the end no one knows, and his feelings are sincere and profound.
(3) showing loyalty and purity.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the four outstanding men pursued fame all their lives, but they did not lose their integrity, so most of the images they chose were the bright moon. For example, Wang's poem "Playing with the Bright Moon" uses the bright moon as a metaphor, which shows the poet's integrity, loyalty and noble character.
(B) the development of language content and form
The styles of Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty are divided into two words, three words and five words, and most of them belong to miscellaneous poems. On the basis of inheriting their five-character poems, the four schools developed and consolidated their position. And their greatest contribution to the form of poetry is the development of seven-character poetry. Seven-character poem is an ancient poetic style. The Four Masters not only inherited this poetic style, but also developed the theme and content of seven-character poems and opened up new poetic forms.
1. The development of Han Yuefu language forms.
Many folk songs in Han Yuefu adopt colloquial expressions, which make people feel more cordial to read, and combine narrative with lyric to express sincere and touching feelings. As mentioned in the last section, the poem "Journey to the Orphan", which shows the poverty of the people, is about the abuse of orphans by their sister-in-law. Although the poems are uneven, the living conditions of orphans can be reflected between the lines. However, the poems of the four masters are much more formal than those of Han Yuefu in phonology and language expression. Many of their poems are mature five-character poems, mixed with a few three-character poems and four-character poems, and their Changle Fu poems are all expressed in the form of seven-character poems. At the prosodic level, many have prosodic features.
2. The development of singing discipline.
Compared with the seven-character poems of Han Yuefu, the development of the four outstanding poets in style is mainly manifested in the expansion of the depth and breadth of the poetry content and theme. However, they are good, and their main content is to show their lack of talent and love. For example, it is difficult for Lu to go and Luo to join the army. Lu Zhaolin's "Difficult to Walk": "You don't see the North Wei Bridge of Chang 'an Bridge, and the dead wood lies in Gutian; In the past, it contained red and purple, and it often left fog and smoke. " ? [ 14]? A "Past" realized that things are different and wrote about the vicissitudes of life. Compared with today, people are not the people of that year, and the scenery is not the scenery of that year. The author thus led to "once scattered, no one asked, forever destroy the knowledge of the monarch;" "There is no consistency in life, and there is no consistency for a moment; ..... If only I could read a million dollars, I wouldn't hesitate to make a nest! " ? [ 15]? It shows a heavy sense of history, full of sighs about the changes of the world, the ups and downs of life, and the pursuit of good things in life. However, his other poem, It's Difficult to Join the Army, has innovated the previous content, integrated his own experience in the army into poetry, changed the phenomenon of "talking on paper" and made the poetic style flourish.
3. Innovate the expression of seven-character opera.
The seven-character singing of four outstanding singers is an obvious feature of their uniqueness. Compared with the previous seven-character poems, their seven-character songs are also excellent in length, and their grand length and meticulous content are also exquisite in the history of Tang poetry. The most famous are Lu's ancient meaning Chang 'an and Lin 'gao Terrace. The ancient meaning of Chang 'an comprehensively describes all aspects of Chang 'an life, including the splendor of Chang 'an Palace, chariots and horses, and the luxurious life of rich landlords. It describes the psychological state of geisha and dancers in great detail, and the poem is carefully planned in terms of time allocation. The whole poem unfolds in the chronological order of day and night. The spatial order describes the nobles, civilians, geisha and other figures from the palace to the street, and uses comparative expressions. Another example is Wang Bo's Lin Gaotai, which first describes the architectural distribution of the whole city, and then turns to a partial description of brothel life. Judging from the overall layout of these two poems, the poet attaches great importance to the shaping of poetic context, which is more complicated than the poetic style of the previous generation. In the description of things, the combination of overall description and local description, the combination of fighting description and scene detail description, and the adoption of linear structure mode are new steps in the development of poetic style.
This chapter describes the development of the four great poets' poems from three aspects: content, theme and form. The content of poetry has expanded to poems about travel, and more poems are poems about things. The poets expressed their feelings about the difficulties in their official career and their inability to serve their country. The formal development of poetry is reflected in the seven-character poems, and the level of poetry is from big to small, from small to detailed, which has made great development compared with the previous generation, laying the foundation for the finalization of the seven-character poems in the future.
Fourth, conclusion.
The title of this paper is "the inheritance and development of the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty to the Han Yuefu". This paper discusses the inheritance and development of "Four Masters" poems from the aspects of theme, theme, creative style and poetic form. It briefly introduces the poems of Han Yuefu. In terms of the topic, the old topic of Yuefu in Han Dynasty is briefly sorted out, and four outstanding poets inherit the old topic of Yuefu, and give examples to illustrate what poems it is. The theme is narrated from three aspects: war, love and drinking, which clearly expresses the inheritance of the theme of Yuefu poetry by the four outstanding poets. In form, it is mainly the inheritance of five-character poems in Han Yuefu poems. From a large number of poems by these four outstanding poets, we can see that the four of them have made great contributions to the stereotypes of five-character poems. The development of poetry is also carried out from these aspects. In the development of subject matter, these four outstanding poets opened up a new world of poetry about history and things on the basis of their predecessors. Because of their ill-fated, they also wrote a lot of poems about wandering and complaining, which all showed their desire to seek officials and become scholars. As far as poetry style is concerned, it is manifested in the development of genre. On the one hand, it expands the breadth and depth of genre content. The four outstanding schools have generally changed the shortcomings of poetry in past dynasties, increased the real and effective content, and are the flesh and blood of poetry, which shows the characteristics of things at a deeper level and makes the poetic style more vigorous and powerful. The development of literary style describes the development and stereotypes of the Seven-character Drama, and through the two long poems of Landscape and Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an, it describes that the distribution, time and space of the characters described in the long poem of Seven-character Drama are more complicated than those of the previous generation. The overall structure of the article is clear and accurate.
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[4] Wu Guoping. Selected poems of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2005: 15
[5] Xiao Feng. Yuanqu in Tang poetry and Song poetry [M]. Beijing: Online Bookstore
[6] Xiao Feng. Yuanqu in Tang poetry and Song poetry [M]. Beijing: Online Bookstore.2002.38+0,
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