Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm (18 17 ~ 1888) is a German novelist and poet. Born in Beihai, Hu Sumu's representative works include Yin Menghu and Knight of the White Horse.
After graduating from high school, stoll went to universities in Kiel and Berlin to study law, and 1843 returned to his hometown as a lawyer. But at that time, northern Germany was still under Danish rule, and stoll was excluded. He had to leave his hometown in 1853 to live in exile in Prussia, and didn't return to his hometown until 1864 when Denmark quit. He wrote poems in his early years, praising the natural scenery and lonely life in his hometown. Some poems expressed his patriotic thoughts against Danish rule. Storm's major achievement is novels. From 1847 to 1888, he wrote 58 short stories, including Inmeng Lake, In University, Drowning, and Knight on a White Horse.
Chinese name: Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm.
mbth:hantheodorwoldsenstorm
Nationality: Germany
Place of birth: Husum
Date of birth: 18 17 September 14.
Date of death:1July 4, 888
Occupation: lawyer, writer
Masterpieces: Yin Meng Lake and Knight of the White Horse.
Character experience
18 17 September 14, stoll was born in Husum, a small town near the North Sea in Schleswig-Holstein, which was then under Danish rule. His father is a lawyer and his mother is from Friesland.
65438-0837 entered the university to study law, and returned to his hometown to open a law firm after graduation. At the same time, he began to collect and sort out folk songs, aphorisms, legends and fairy tales from his hometown, and created some pastoral lyric poems.
1848, published the first novel "Marthe and her watch"; Deeply concerned about the struggle of Schleswig-Holstein people against Danish rule that broke out in the same year.
1850, he published the novella Yin Menghu, which is the most popular novel in storm, and he won the reputation as a novelist.
1853 wrote the lyric poem "Parting"; In the same year, he showed strong sympathy for Germany on the issue of Schleswig-Holstein, and was disqualified as a lawyer by the Danish ruler, so he was forced to move to Potsdam to be a court judge.
1856 moved to Heiligenstadt and obtained the position of county judge. 186 1 year, he wrote a novella in the castle.
1864, Prussia-Denmark war broke out, Denmark was defeated and withdrew from Schleswig-Holstein, and stoll returned to his hometown as the chief executive. After Schleswig-Holstein was incorporated into Prussia, he was appointed as a judge of Husum Court.
1865, when his wife died, he finished the poetry collection "Shadow", which reached the peak of his lyric poetry. 1874, puppet Paul finished. 1875 Completed the historical novella The Drowner.
/kloc-retired from politics in 0/880, and moved to Hadmarshen, specializing in creation. 1883 Completed the novella Silence. 1885, he wrote Bashi, Cooper. 1886, completed by the double shadow man. 1888, he finished his last novel, Knight on a White Horse.
1July 4, 888, died in Hudson.
Personal life
Storm had three women who had a great influence on him in his life. They are his first love Bertas von Buhan, his first wife constance Esmach and his second wife Doris Jensen. In addition, there is Emma Kuhl-von Kohl, who was engaged "secretly" and immediately dissolved her engagement.
Main work
Creative characteristics
Theme of the work
Shtorm wrote 58 short stories in his life. His works, especially those in his early years, avoid writing important social themes, while his later works tend to be more realistic. His novels are developed from lyric poetry, which can be said to be an extension of his poetry creation, with strong expressive force and strong appeal. According to his ideological development and creative style, it can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late.
Early period (1847- 1852): From Marthe and her watch, Yin Meng Lake was the peak, and there was a green leaf. The works of this period have no coherent storyline and plump characters, and most of them describe life fragments, focusing on emotional expression and artistic conception rendering, similar to lyric sketches. In Matt and Her Clock, the "I" in the work recalls the lonely life of the old maid Matt and Zhong, and expresses a quiet and sad mood. Yin Meng Lake consists of ten paragraphs, which shows a happy childhood, a romantic youth and an unfortunate love tragedy in the memories of the lonely old man. Most of the novels in this period were confined to personal life and family, and did not touch on the major social and political issues at that time, but they reached a certain depth in reflecting social life.
Mid-term (1853- 1863): During this period, stoll was forced to live in exile in a foreign land, suffering greatly, and began to contact with various social realities. Therefore, his creative content broke through the original narrow theme, and the elements criticizing the society at that time gradually increased. The work no longer focuses on expressing emotions, but creates vivid characters through complete plots, focusing on practical problems. Of course, describing ordinary love, friendship and affection is still the keynote and main line of his works. The representative works of this period include Star Gryka, At Staats Manor and At University. Star Glika, written in Potsdam's exile, is an important symbol of storm's artistic development. Xing Gelika and earhart have a secret crush, but earhart has never had the courage to express her feelings because of her social and economic status. She finally missed the opportunity in the suffering of sweetness and pain.
Late period (1864- 1888): Compared with the early period, the author of this period paid more attention to objective narration, with profound social content, rigorous structure, twists and turns and vivid characters. The representative works of this period include Knight of the White Horse, Drowning Man, Shadow Follow Me and so on. Through the main line of building seawalls, Knight of the White Horse reflects the basic contradictions of society at that time.
In stoll's view, only when individual life finally returns to the big life of the universe and nature can we achieve transcendence and immortality. Many characters in his works have achieved the healthy development of personality and the transcendence of life through their integration with nature. Therefore, the author places his ideals of freedom, love and beauty in nature. Although his works always show negative and sentimental emotions, in such a suffocating bleak era, the sentimentality of intellectuals just shows that he is serious about the reality of the times, and the sentimentality of wisdom can even be said to be a more positive attitude than numbness.
Artistic feature
style
As a masterpiece of poetic novels, storm's novels are not good at reflecting or criticizing social reality. He speaks calmly. However, in the faint sorrow for the lost life and infinite gratitude for the warmth, readers feel the author's profound humanitarian feelings and good wishes for mankind pinned on women.
In his novels, stoll expressed the lingering feelings between men and women in poetic language, creating an ethereal and sentimental emotional space. Many men and women in stoll's novels, born to love, died for love. Although there are many sweet and happy love and marriages, tragic endings account for a large proportion, which makes readers lament.
When describing the tragedy of love, stoll did not impress the readers with shocking scenes and exciting plots, but with strong emotional restraint, conveyed the sadness and sadness about the destruction of beautiful love in the faded artistic description.
The love of young heroes in stoll's novels is not carefree, relaxed and pure, but accompanied by anxiety in joy and bitterness in sweetness. Their hearts are mixed with various complex emotions such as joy and sadness, sweetness and bitterness. When young men and women are immersed in happiness, when they are worried about misfortune, tragedy finally comes. The power of society and the authority of family destroyed the happy marriage they deserved and pushed these young men and women to the abyss of pain. The protagonists of the tragedy died with endless sadness and deep regret or depression, or were born with sadness.
Stoll regarded scenery description as an important means to deepen the theme, and paid attention to the aesthetic function and lyric function of scenery description, so as to express emotion with scenery and blend scenes. Stoll is a master of landscape painting. Sometimes he paints a vast natural space with strong colors, but sometimes he understates it and touches it everywhere. He pays attention to sketching the modality and charm of different scenes and is good at capturing the subtleties in nature. His superb landscape writing skills and unique understanding of nature form the unique style characteristics of this novel.
Stoll created a subtle and ethereal artistic conception in his novels, which can "contain infinite meaning and be seen outside words." The so-called artistic conception is a three-dimensional artistic realm, which is based on the picture of scene blending, characterized by the combination of implicit and explicit, the coexistence of reality and reality, and induces readers to re-create aesthetics through the heterogeneous isomorphism and mutual integration of subjective feelings and objective physical environment.
Stoll's novels have successfully created a variety of artistic beauty, making his novels enter a "poetic realm". Stoll is used to expressing the innocent love between children, the sadness of lovers' parting, the contradiction and struggle when feelings and morality conflict, etc. These joys and sorrows are almost all his personal experiences or inner feelings, so his writing is delicate and true, which makes the novel full of rich emotions. Stoll's most common way to create artistic conception is to express his feelings with the help of natural scenery. He is good at observing and grasping the image characteristics of many things in nature, selecting the most distinctive things and creating unique artistic conception from different angles.
Most of storm's novels have a memory structure. Looking back from far away, it is not only the spatial distance, but also the time and psychological distance. In the past, they were full of poetry, which provided the soil for restoring healthy human nature spiritually. Stoll fully showed his concern for the natural world and the humanity bred in it through his poetry creation, trying to establish a harmonious human society corresponding to the harmony of nature.
Kalipiga
Storm pays great attention to the fate of women in his novels and constructs a colorful female world. Among them, women with tragic temperament and beautiful angels dominate his female world, and stoll pinned his good wishes for humanity and deep humanitarian feelings on them.
Shtorm writes the most ink, and the most successful ones are some small jasper women. They all have the characteristics of tenderness, kindness and beauty, full of love for life and yearning for love. But in the end, due to various secular pressures or their own personality defects, most of them ended in tragedy. Through the tragic fate of these women, the author criticized the cold social reality at that time and entrusted a humanitarian ideal.
Stoll's novels also depict some women with high social status, who are of noble birth, but still can't get rid of their tragic fate. A typical example is Anne Lai Na, the heroine of At Staats Manor. Anne Lai Na's tragedy reflects the decline of ancient aristocratic families at that time due to the rise of capitalism. The descendants of these aristocratic families received education and grew up in an extravagant atmosphere, but one day they suddenly found themselves with nothing in the rapid changes of society. They have nothing but so-called elegant taste and good upbringing. When they lost the protection of the aristocratic aura and could not adapt to the new social situation at all, Anne Reina could only end in tragedy.
In stoll's novels, there is another kind of woman whose fate is completely different. They are angelic figures, beautiful and kind, bringing infinite love and joy to the people around them, and a halo of love hangs over them. They live in being cared for and loved, and at the same time they care about the people around them without hesitation. Miss Sophie in Market, Christina in City Councillor's Son, Maria in Beautiful Angel and Anna in Silent Anna are all such women.
Throughout stoll's novels, the fate of women has always been the focus of the author's attention. The author goes deep into women's hearts with delicate brushstrokes, showing their rich spiritual world and the different fates of women of different classes and personalities.
Personality influence
Storm's poetic novels have a great influence on the poetic style of China's modern and contemporary novels. Yu Dafu was a pioneer in introducing storm's novels to readers in China, and the writing style of storm's novels left a deep impression on his works. In addition to Yu Dafu, during the May 4th Movement, a number of writers' works, such as Zhou Quanping's "Woods" and Ba Jin's "Autumn in Spring", were deeply influenced by the storm. They all criticized the feudal system that stifled human nature at that time through the tragic love of the hero and heroine and the tragedy that lovers could not get married.
Personality assessment
"As a lyric poet, he is at least one of the three or four outstanding figures after Goethe." (Comment by German writer Vontana)
"When I was twenty years old, how I loved her! Now, when I am twice as old, I still often return to this lovely source with undiminished gratitude, which is the same as people looking for the place they occupied when they were young. " (Comments by German writer hermann hesse)