Comparison of Bai Juyi's poetic styles in the early and late periods?
Bai Juyi, whose name is Lotte, is a Buddhist in Xiangshan, an outstanding realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. Among Bai Juyi's four poems, irony, leisure, sentimentality and heteronomy, the first two reflect his "always doing" ji ji's good method, and these two poems are actually the representatives of his previous and later works. Both of them have the characteristics of realism, vulgarity and diligence, but they are quite different in content and mood, which means that Bai Juyi's poetic style in his later period has changed greatly compared with that in his earlier period.
His early works called for the sufferings of the working people and condemned the ruling class that oppressed and exploited the people. He wrote poems with only one purpose, that is, "to make up for the current political situation." According to this guiding ideology, he created a large number of allegorical poems reflecting people's sufferings. However, in the later period, he shifted the focus of his writing to trivial matters around him, and wrote many poems praising his leisure and even expressing his obsession with wine and color. At that time, most of the poems were "written from the heart and with essays", which were shallow and vulgar in content and form. Su Shi said that "Yuan despises white customs" ("Sacrificing Liu Wen"), and the so-called white customs are mainly manifested here. ?
Bai Juyi was born in Dali, Tang Daizong for seven years. He studied hard when he was young, and finally passed the imperial examination and embarked on his career. Yuanhe was awarded Zuo Shiyi for three years and five years as a bachelor of Hanlin. During this period, when his political enthusiasm was the highest, he once said, "If there is a feather, you must obey the rules, and if you violate it, you must remonstrate" ("No.1 Scholar"), and wrote to Chen many times. At the same time, he also created a large number of allegorical poems, which dwarfed them all. Because of this, he attracted the hatred of powerful people and the alienation of the emperor, and was relegated several times. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, due to the death of his mother, he returned to his hometown to keep the system, and his beloved daughter Jin Luanzi also died in this year. With the change of living environment, Bai Juyi has leisure to seriously think about his past actions and his life. His long-standing Buddhist thoughts gradually gained the upper hand and his enthusiasm for politics began to decline. Yuanhe ten years, because of the so-called ultra vires and some trumped-up charges, was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. This relegation made him deeply hurt, and it also became an opportunity for his poetic style to change obviously. He re-examined this extremely sinister political struggle and made up his mind to retreat quickly, avoid disaster and take the road of "being immune to it". From the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he began to rise and rise. Five cases of Huichang for two years, with the ministers of punishments as officials, lived in Luoyang and were named "Xiangshan lay man". Huichang died in six years at the age of 75. ?
The relationship between the formation of late poetic style and the times
To talk about the formation of Bai Juyi's later poetic style, we must contact the whole era at that time. Since the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, the central government has been weakening day by day, and the provinces have been striving for independence. Eunuchs hold imperial power and do evil. The ruling class leads a dissolute and shameless life, and the cruel exploitation of the people is intensified, and the class contradictions are more acute. ?
As we know, Bai Juyi originally hoped to reform the shortcomings through satirical remonstrance, but neither the remonstrance book nor the remonstrance poem worked, but it brought guilt. His hope that the emperor could help him reform the drawbacks was shattered in reality. Bai Juyi's poetic allegory is dead, replaced by his "contentment and harmony, singing and playing with temperament", showing an indifferent and peaceful state of mind. This is the masterpiece of Bai Juyi's late poetic style.
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