As far as military science and technology are concerned, China in Song Dynasty was the leader of military science and technology at that time, and Song Jun's equipment at that time was also the most advanced. It is the first army in the world equipped with a large number of guns. 1044, Ceng Gongliang compiled the General Outline of Martial Arts, in which three gunpowder formulas were recorded. There are various and complete gunpowder weapons, ranging from "rifles" to "mines".
Later, when Song Jun and the Mongols jointly destroyed Xu Jinguo, the firearms of the Mongols were provided by Song Jun.
Even from today's point of view, the Northern Song Dynasty can be described as a famous economic power. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiao Song was still a world-class rich man. During the Song-Jin peace talks, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty readily promised to give the ruler 502,000 silver every year, because it was nine Niu Yi Mao-the work finance only accounted for 1% of the national fiscal revenue, which was only equivalent to the fiscal revenue of two counties in one place. With 1% fiscal revenue in exchange for peace, a finger on it is thicker than nomads from the thigh, showing how rich Guo Song and Song Jun are. Poor national policy?
The world thinks that the weakness of the Song Dynasty lies in the national policy of "valuing literature over martial arts", but in fact this is just an appearance.
It is wrong that "weapons and military expenditure" determine the war debate, and a simple sentence "emphasizing literature over martial arts" cannot be summarized in one sentence.
In my opinion, the root of Song Jun's poor combat effectiveness lies in "industrialization and modernization", one is illiteracy (the quality of soldiers), and the other is degradation (the ability of commanders).
"Good people are not soldiers, and good iron is not nailed."
This is a catchword in the Song Dynasty. The Song government encouraged "beggars" and "idle people" to join the army, but did not advocate educated youth to join the army, in order to prevent mutiny and coup and guide the country once and for all. However, this completely separated soldiers from culture in the Song Dynasty, forming a situation in which intellectuals were not soldiers and soldiers were illiterate.
Historians all know that one of the important reasons why the Tang Dynasty was powerful was that Tang Jun had extraordinary fighting capacity. One of the sources of Tang Jun's combat effectiveness lies in the quality of soldiers. Judging from the composition of soldiers, a remarkable feature of the army in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is the extremely high quality of soldiers. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the soldiers in the main force of the Tang Dynasty were mainly composed of two families in Guanzhong and young nobles who naturalized Hu people. Liang Jiazi's family members are in the fields, and the young people are doing well. Most of them have received Confucian education and have a strong sense of national identity and honor. However, most of the naturalized young nobles of the conference semifinals have almost religious worship of the powerful Tang Dynasty, and they try to gain their affirmation by fighting to the death.
A good living environment can also make soldiers have good physical fitness. Such a sergeant is bound to create such a powerful army.
Song is not. The "refugees" and "idle people" at the lower level constitute the main source of troops. During the famine years, Song Ting recruited thousands of exiled peasants as imperial guards or compartments. A large number of soldiers have been idle for a long time and the quality of the army is low.
In "Water Margin", a Liangshan can actually gather one hundred generals, many of whom are loyalist generals, which proves that the military culture at that time was extremely low, so he had the knowledge of "taking mountains as king" and no small ambition of "leveling the world".
After the Water Margin, it was said that "Fang La wants to levy and Liao wants to make peace", and the fighting capacity of the "refugee army" against the "peasant army" is almost equal, but if it is a grassland army with all the people as soldiers, it is definitely not an opponent unless the other party degenerates.
As for depravity, the first thing is General Song. The ability of commanders in the Song Dynasty is getting worse from generation to generation. Why is this happening? Because the Song Dynasty inherited the door.
Over-reliance on birth and family background and lack of battlefield exercise made Song Jun, the commander in chief, almost have no actual combat ability, which was more obvious in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Once these children set foot on the battlefield, they exposed a pair of incompetent faces By the late Northern Song Dynasty, this situation had not changed, but intensified. Even Song Qinzong had to admit that Cao Gang, the descendant of Cao Bin, the commander-in-chief of Ma Jun at that time, was unable to cope with the war.
Border clearance "there are few talents and few people available."
Song dynasty is not without experts to see this. Wang Anshi, the prime minister of the political reform, put forward the suggestion that "a good citizen, especially a so-called scholar-bureaucrat, should know how to be a soldier" in Song Renzong's book Emperor Yan. Wang Anshi believes that only by requiring good citizens to be soldiers, especially the so-called scholar-officials to be soldiers, can the country stand on its own feet.
An important content of Wang Anshi's political reform is to "rectify the army."
Among them, Sun Tzu's Art of War
It is advocated that people with high martial arts and rich combat experience should be selected as generals to train the army, so as to improve the quality of the army and realize the goal of "Qiang Bing". The Garbo Law advocates imitating grassland tribes, making all the people soldiers, combining the militia system with the recruitment system, replacing redundant soldiers with militia, and strengthening local armed forces. Consolidate the virtuous circle of "military resources"
Unfortunately, these good strategies of "strengthening the army" failed because they violated the vested interests of bureaucratic landlords.
The Song Dynasty made a pioneering "contribution" to the collapse of China's military system and uneducated army. Since the Song Dynasty, China's dynasties have entered a situation of dealing with foreign aggression all the time.
. There are more than one reason for this kind of foreign war, but at least one indispensable factor is the collapse of the military system-from "raising soldiers by agriculture" to "good people don't serve as soldiers"-from "literate people must be equipped, literate people must be equipped" to "everything is inferior, only learning is high"
Speaking of roots, Song Jun is an uneducated team. "My hero is not a soldier" has formed a tradition since the Song Dynasty. From the "wandering militia" in the Song Dynasty to the "heavy smokers" in the Qing Dynasty, most of them were "backward" youths who failed in their studies. Due to this tradition and personnel structure, the overall quality of China's army was very low from the Middle Ages to modern times.
"Soldiers without culture" is similar to "soldiers without culture". Intellectuals don't understand and care about military affairs, hooligans are full of soldiers, and the quality of soldiers is low, so they can't take real responsibility for the country.