Speaking of the familiar national anthem, besides March of the Volunteers, it is La Marseillaise. When I was a child, I felt that their passionate melodies were somewhat similar. Later, I read some articles that both Tian Han and Nie Er were inspired by March of the Volunteers's lyrics and composition. Also, shortly after the failure of the Paris Commune in 187 1, Eugè ne Porter, one of the commune leaders, wrote a poem "Nena Sonel", which was sung in the tune of La Marseillaise. It was not until 1888 that pierre degeyter, a French worker composer, set music for this poem, and the Internationale as we know it now was born.
Many years ago, when I watched Zweig's When the Stars Shine, I learned the story of Claude de Lyle, the author of La Marseillaise, and the process of his writing this song. Zweig believes that in the long history, most of the time passes to welcome the arrival of a short and great moment, which can decide the life and death of a person, the survival of a nation and even the future of mankind. This is the choice of fate, fate will choose genius, and great men will tend to be mediocre, although "few of them can firmly grasp the opportunity and integrate themselves with it." A great thing loses its owner and pounces on an ordinary person. Just for a moment, the missing person will never be found again.
1792, when the French Revolution broke out, the Bastille, a symbol of exclusive kingship, had already been captured by the angry people of Paris. In April, the news that Austria-Prussia allied forces were at war with France reached Strasbourg, and people took to the streets to shout and sing. People in the revolution yearn for the most inspiring and exciting struggle song, which fills the hearts of thousands of French people in Qian Qian with strength. History entrusted this important task to the engineer captain Rouge. On the evening of 25th, the banquet for brave officers and men who are going to the battlefield ended. At the invitation of the mayor, Rouge decided to compose a March. Inspired by a little wine and thoughts, this amateur musician finished this epic in only three hours. Originally, this song had nothing to do with Marseille, and it was called "Battle Hymn of the Rhine Army". Later, it was named after Marseille's army sang it into Paris. Zweig called it a miracle in his book, and there was no lack of praise, saying that "One Night Genius Rouge" became eternal and was the peak of his life. La Marseillaise outlives its author. Hundreds of years later, even today when the French people need faith and courage, they will still hum this song.
Later, I read an article "Counter-Revolution of Singing Revolution" (China Youth Daily, 2065438+001kloc-0/October 20th). The full text is as follows:
Claude Joseph Claude de Lyle is one of the most qualified speculators in the history of human revolution, because he wrote the famous revolutionary song "La Marseillaise". It was singing this song that the French overthrew the king and defeated foreign enemies several times.
However, the author of this song can hardly be regarded as a revolutionary. By the time the song was spread all over the country and published in the newspaper, Claude de Lyle had been put in prison for "counter-revolution".
It is said that he was even ashamed to admit that he wrote this song, so that for a long time, people didn't know who the author was.
In the French Revolution, Claude de Lyle did not belong to those who hated the old system. On the contrary, his family changed their surnames in order to make their family have something to do with the nobility. When he was in the military school, music was just a way to show off his aristocratic lineage.
1792, when Claude de Lyle, who served in Strasbourg, wrote "Battle Hymn of the Rhine Army", I'm afraid there was no clear revolutionary concept. At that time, the king had not been beheaded, and the revolution had not evolved into a great terror. If people later guessed correctly, the engineer lieutenant wrote this work purely to boost the morale of the army and was invited by his good friend the mayor of Strasbourg.
The composing process of this song has been vividly described. It is said that foreign troops have gathered not far away and the streets are full of angry citizens. After a dinner party, Claude de Lyle wrote lyrics for a while, composed music for a while, and even "sang heartily", and then fell asleep wearily leaning against the piano.
For some unexplained reason-maybe it was alcohol or the infection of street excitement, he praised the revolution and attacked the king in his song. But this may be the last time in his life. In the words of the people at that time, writing this song "seems to have exhausted all his strength."
"Battle Hymn of the Rhine Army" didn't achieve much success at first, although Claude de Lyle played it to the mayor and his wife and got a courtesy appreciation. But not long after, 500 revolutionaries who marched from Marseille to Paris to drive away the king accidentally learned this song and sang it all the way, which aroused great revolutionary enthusiasm. Since then, it has been known and sung under the name of "La Marseillaise", and people sang it to attack the palace. However, its author is a royalist. When people threw themselves into the arms of the revolution, or were sincerely or hypocritically loyal to the "people", he did not use this song to seek the glory of the revolution, but was hostile to the revolution, voted against the new constitution, and was expelled from the army.
The revolution soon exposed the unexpected horror of people. The king died on the guillotine, which made Claude de Lyle feel that robespierre and his revolutionary comrades were more like new tyrants and dictators. Soon after, the mayor of Strasbourg, who supported his creation of La Marseillaise, was also guillotined. Claude de Lyle protested publicly and was jailed for treason. According to the law at that time, you will be guillotined for this crime.
Fortunately, after the hot month coup, robespierre was overthrown, La Marseillaise was also designated as the French national anthem, and its author was released. Since then, the fate of La Marseillaise has been tortuous: it was banned by Napoleon and abolished by the restored king. And its author has nothing to do with this ups and downs. Claude de Lyle became a cynical man, living in poverty and irrationality. On the one hand, he doesn't like this era brought by the revolution. He left the army to resume his military duties. On the other hand, the reputation of writing "La Marseillaise" has always been with him, and with the change of regime, it has brought him a temporary honor and a temporary criticism.
A famous writer once explored the rest of his life: he was down and out, and it was said that he had been a thief, because he was in debt and was chased by the police everywhere. But when Napoleon wanted to give him some help, he scolded the great man: "What did you turn the revolution into?" What have you done to * * * and China? "Until later, he was proud of his vote against Napoleon.
However, Claude de Lyle, who once wrote La Marseillaise on a whim, could not prevent the revolution from bringing a new era, nor could he prevent his works from being given a completely unacceptable interpretation. Until his death, people awarded him a bonus and a leather coat symbolizing honor for this song. Not long after he put on this coat, he died with dissatisfaction with the new era and infinite nostalgia for the old times.
It is precisely because of this song that decades later, people moved his tomb to the Invalides in France and slept with Napoleon, a revolutionary he never liked.
Later, through the understanding of the Enlightenment, the Great Revolution, the alternation of Bourbon and Napoleonic Dynasties, and even the future history of France and Europe, through the books of Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau, especially Tocqueville's The Old System and the Great Revolution, and Zhao's The Corridor of French Thought, I think I can understand the Rouge Kou. It is not entirely accidental that he "became eternal overnight"; He is very considerate.
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