In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), that is, one year before the Opium War, Gong Zizhen was 48 years old. Disappointed with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, he resolutely resigned and returned to his hometown. Later, he went to the north to meet his family. On the way back and forth between north and south, he wrote what he thought and felt on account paper with chicken feathers and put it in a bamboo basket. Later, * * * "got 3 15 pieces of paper, covered 3 15 poems (The Book with Wu Hongsheng) and wrote a large group of poems. This is the famous "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems"-that year was Jihai. [2] This article is selected from the fifth article of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems. At that time, the author resigned angrily and left his relatives and friends, full of worries.
At that time, the author resigned angrily and left his relatives and friends, full of worries. The word "mighty" not only expresses sadness, but also contains all kinds of complicated thoughts and feelings, such as dissatisfaction with the society at that time, anger against the politicians and concern about people's lives. [3]
"Great sadness left the day." The sadness of parting has spread all over the world, and it is hard to stop it. What's more, the mood of the poet at this time can be imagined as the sun sets. If we analyze its meaning with the phrase structure and take "leaving sorrow" as the central word, then "mighty" is the attribute of "leaving sorrow" and "daytime slanting" is the complement of "leaving sorrow". "It clears up in the daytime" means that the author returns to the south with sadness, because the sadness is trapped in his chest, so he feels that time passes quickly and the sun will set before he knows it. The choice of "daytime" instead of "sunset" coincides with the author's mood at that time, and also metaphor the social reality of the country's gradual decline at that time. [3] In China's classical poems, poets often like to use the sunset as a natural phenomenon and a fleeting symbol to express the pain of lovesickness or parting. "Hand in hand on the river beam, wandering at dusk" ("Ancient Poetry"); "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends); "Thinking about it, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, and the sky is vast" (Liu Yong's "Yulinling"); "When the sun is setting, the willow blossoms are bright" (Xin Qiji's Fishing). Whining the whip eastward means the end of the world. "Singing Whip" refers to the poet's whip, and "East Finger" refers to the destination of this trip-hometown (Zhejiang). "Tianya" is still far from home. [3] Where the whip is raised, the front is the ends of the earth, which is getting farther and farther away from the capital. In the Yuan Dynasty, Ma Zhiyuan wrote Qiu Si in Jing Tian Sand: "Old vines and old trees are faint crows, and small bridges and flowing water make people. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " Gong Zizhen's multi-level description method is similar to Ma Zhiyuan's "When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world". It's just that Gong Zizhen's "whip refers to the East, which means the end of the world" does not directly say that he is a "heartbroken person".
Arguably, Gong Zizhen was dissatisfied with the lifeless life of the government of the Ministry of Rites, and resolutely resigned as the director of the Ministry of Rites, ready to go back to his hometown of Hangzhou to do something, leaving the capital alone. There was only a sense of breaking with the old forces and hatred, and there should be no mighty sadness. Liu Zao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the The Journey to the West: "Crossing mulberry dry water for no reason, but looking forward to Bingzhou as my hometown." He said that because he moved to a farther place, even the guest house became his hometown. The difference is that although Gong Zizhen is a native of Renhe (now Hangzhou) in Zhejiang Province, he has lived in Beijing since childhood and worked as a Beijing official in the Ministry of Rites and other institutions for more than ten years. Beijing has long been his second hometown. Although Gong Zizhen took the initiative to resign, the reason for her resignation was objectively because she was trapped in shackles and lived in poverty. She had no choice but to leave Beijing and go out of the capital. Therefore, "Far Away from Sorrow" contains a little sigh of official career, helplessness and political and ideological loneliness. Gong Zizhen had a close relationship with Ling Xiao, a prostitute at that time. One tenth of the themes in Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems are related to Ling Xiao, and one poem says that he is in love with "red as acacia and green as sorrow". Although Ling Xiao is not in the capital, in this case, it is difficult for him to bid farewell to his past life and reluctantly "leave his sorrow" with tears. It can be seen that the connotation of Gong Zizhen's "parting from sorrow" is rich, complicated and multifaceted.
Flowers flying at dusk dispelled the poet's sadness. Unfinished business, time flies, youth is gone forever, and the sun sets. I am out of Beijing this time and may not come back. As an expert in describing fallen flowers, poets love "exploring spring", "seeing off spring", flowers and perhaps watching them fall. He once said in "Song of Falling Flowers in the Western Suburb" that the flying begonia flowers are floating in the world. For example, Kunyang is invincible in the morning; If 84,000 heavenly daughters wash their faces, they pour rouge here. ""I also smell that the pure land is four inches deep, which is particularly charming in the dark. " Imagine, "There are endless flowers in Andrew's tree, and it takes 360 days for the flowers to bloom and fall after the rain clears. "He made so many wonderful metaphors about the fallen petal, but now, the poet suddenly feels like a fallen petal. After bidding farewell to Kyoto, the poet left the capital by carriage, unable to cope with the endless falling flowers, and launched a rich imagination. The struggle of officialdom, heavy atmosphere, suffocating humanity and poor life, the poet completely integrated his life experience with falling flowers.
"Falling red is not heartless", the word "falling red" here. It plays an important role in the whole poem. It inherits the "mighty sadness", and the poet's sadness is embellished by the "mighty sadness", set off by the oblique sunlight and the horizon, and supported by the dynamic "falling red" that passes by from time to time. This stroke is hidden in the poem, so Falling Red is not only a supplement to the connotation of parting sorrow, but also a turning point, which frees the whole poem from parting sorrow and moves to a lower level, paving the way for the sublimation of the whole poem theme. At this time, the poet is considering protecting flowers. "Falling red" means falling flowers. The original meaning of the whole sentence is that the petals falling from the tree are not heartless things, but adhere to the surface, rot into mud, turn into spiritual souls, and raise the spring flowers of the year. The author compares himself to the circular law of nature, saying that although he resigned, he would still care about the future and destiny of the country. This philosophical remark conveys the admirable spirit of the poet "seeking politics even when he is not in his place", shows the poet's unparalleled determination, becomes a famous sentence through the ages, and inspires many people to "learn from the past and aspire to a thousand miles". [3] Falling flowers is by no means a heartless waste. The poet resigned as the director of the Ritual Department just to go to his hometown to preside over the academy, call his disciples to give lectures, pass on his studies and thoughts to the students, enlighten them with enthusiasm for change and vision for the future, and do his last bit for the country and the people. Flowers fall from their roots and turn into spring mud, which can breed a new spring, and the color and fragrance can be dedicated to the latecomers. Poets are inspired by endless laws of nature. In nature, flowers bloom and fall, which is caused by wind and rain, and there is no emotion at all. Falling in love can't be said to be a "sentient thing" or a "heartless thing". Only when the poet completely combines his life experience with the fallen flower and moves his feelings to the fallen flower can the fallen flower have human feelings and become a sentient thing. Falling flowers are affectionate, which is manifested in brewing a new colorful world-"turning into spring mud to protect flowers." At this point, the poet finally grasped the chaotic thoughts like flying flowers, got rid of his troubles, rose to a solemn and sacred realm, and had a sense of mission of the times. "Turning into spring mud to protect flowers more" is Hua Fei's loneliness, and it is also a solemn and sacred oath for the poet to break away from corrupt officialdom and fight against the dark forces. For the country and the people, for the flowers, I will devote myself to turning into spring mud.
Ancient poets described the fallen flowers, one is complaining about others, complaining about the east wind, sighing about the years and sighing at the fallen flowers. "Running water in spring is heaven and earth" (Li Yu's "Langtaosha"); "Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure" (Li Qingzhao's "A Plum"); Lin Daiyu buries flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions: "According to the person who buries flowers today, who did he know when he buried flowers?" Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden" even compares the falling flowers to the beauty of falling from a building: "Prosperous things scatter fragrant dust, and flowing water is ruthless; At sunset, the east wind complains about birds, and falling flowers are still like falling downstairs. " The natural scene where the wind blows and the flowers fall silently is associated with the beauty falling from the building. Comparing the pink petals falling from the branches with the pink girl falling from the building implies the sigh that the beauty is like a flower, the beauty is unlucky, and once the beautiful things are lost, it satirizes the tragic ending of "Jinguyuan" in Shichong, and compares the falling flowers with the beauty falling from the building, which is somewhat sad and full of strong sentimental feelings. Another description of fallen flowers as a natural landscape is also full of high spirits. "Petals come with the wind, far away from the running water" (Liu Shenxu's "Queti"); "Spring City is Full of Flowers" (Han Yi's Cold Food); "Flowers are still in spring" (Yu Yue's poem), as well as Meng Haoran's "Dawn in the Spring" and "But now I remember that night, the wind and rain, I don't know how many flowers have been folded". I only see childlike innocence and romantic interest, but I don't hurt the spring and cherish flowers. Some are full of vitality, and some show great excitement in decline. However, whether it is "flowers are flying all over the sky in spring" or "flowers are still in spring", it is slightly inferior to Gong Zizhen's "falling red is not ruthless, turning into spring mud to protect flowers". [4] Even if it turns into spring mud, it is willing to cultivate beautiful spring flowers. Not for the unique fragrance, but to protect the flowers. It shows that although the poet is divorced from officialdom, he still cares about the fate of the country and never forgets his ambition to serve the country, so as to express his enthusiasm for caring for the country until his death. Fully express the poet's strong feelings and become a famous sentence handed down from generation to generation.
This little poem combines political ambition with personal ambition, organically combines lyricism with discussion, and vividly expresses the poet's complex feelings. On poetry, Gong Zizhen once said that "poetry and people are one, there is no poetry outside people, and there is no one outside poetry" (Shu Tang Hai Qiu Poetry). His own creation is the best proof. [2]
structural analysis
Structurally, the whole poem is divided into two parts, the first two sentences are the first part and the last two sentences are the second part. In the first part, the poet wrote the majestic sadness of parting with the horizon, sunset and fallen flowers, giving himself a sense of life experience of falling flowers; The second part takes the fallen petal as a transition, and begins to associate it with the fallen petal-spring mud, and empathizes with his enthusiasm for changing reality and his will to be unwilling to be lonely and depressed, and then makes a statement on behalf of the fallen petal, swears to the spring and pours out his will to sing deeply. At this point, the sadness in the poem has become a lofty dedication, and the horizon, sunset, fallen flowers and the future nurtured by spring mud are highly integrated. Thus, he expressed his pursuit of beautiful things and yearning for spring, and brought the reader into a magnificent and gorgeous realm.