Millennium Bai Village is located in Nuodeng Village, Guolang Township, Yunlong County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The village name has not changed for nearly 13 years since Nanzhao period in Tang Dynasty, and it is the oldest village in northwest Yunnan. On January 24th, 22, Yunnan Provincial People's Government awarded this village as a provincial-level historical and cultural village. As the oldest existing village name in Yunnan, the earliest economic center of Bai nationality, the most concentrated Ming and Qing buildings in western Yunnan and the vestiges of Ming and Qing culture, the long history determines the profound cultural connotation of Bai nationality village for thousands of years.
Nuodeng Village used to be called Nuodeng Well or Nuojing, and the well is a salt well. According to the historical records of Yunnan, the well and mine salt industry in Yunnan was produced in the Qin and Han Dynasties. In 11 BC, salt was produced in Anning, Dayao and Yunlong today. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yunlong was Bisu County, which means that Bisu is the land of salt in the ancient white language. The fundamental reason for setting up Bisu County in the Han Dynasty was that this place produced salt. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yunlong belonged to Yinzhou, the governor of Yaozhou. According to Professor Fang Guoyu's book "Two Thousand Years of Counties in Yunnan", Yinzhou was the land of Yunlong, which led to salt springs and other five places. The newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi once verified that the Yunlong Salt Well in Han Dynasty is now Nuodeng Well, and whether the salt spring under Yinzhou in the early Tang Dynasty is Nuodeng remains to be tested. However, from the analysis of existing historical materials and regional situation, it is possible that the salt spring is Nuodeng Well. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, the Nanzhao regime set up Ningbei Festival after capturing all the territory of Yaozhou Dudufu. In 791 AD, Ningbei Festival was changed to Jianchuan Festival, which owned Ningbei, Shazhui, Taboo, Ruoye, Langqiong, Xinuodeng and other places. Fan Chuo's Man Shu said: There is a Jinuo Dengjing in Jianchuan. According to Mr. Fang Guoyu's note, Jinuo Dengjing is now Nuodeng Well in Yunlong County. Man Shu was written in 863 AD, and it is known that the name Nuodeng Village has been found in historical records for 1139 years. After the dynasties of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, the name Nuodeng has continued to this day.
in 1383, the Ming government set up four lifting departments in Yunnan, among which the lifting department of salt department of Wujing was located in Nuodeng, and the so-called five wells were Nuodeng, Shanjing, Shijing, Dajing and Shundangjing. According to "Ming history? Records of Food Goods: Five Wells (the Salt Division is under the jurisdiction of the Salt Division 7, that is, in addition to the above-mentioned five wells, there are two salt divisions in Mishajing, Jianchuan Prefecture, Heqing Military and Civilian Mansion, and Lanzhou Well Salt Division, Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansion. By the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, there were three new wells in Yunlong, namely Shimen, Tianer and Jin Quan (now Baofeng). In 1393, the Wujing Inspection Department was established in Norden. Appointed by the central government, the five wells were generally promoted by township scholars, such as the Huang surname and Li surname in Nuodeng Village today. The ancestors were all promoted by the mainland scholars in the Ming Dynasty and their descendants settled here. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanyang wrote a tablet for the Huang clan of Nuodeng, and recorded that in 1466, Fujian native Huang Mengtong was appointed as a five-well promotion. After serving for nine years, the task of salt class in Shundangjing was not completed, so he left his son and grandson to make up the salt class in Nuodeng and retired to Fujian. Later, the Yamen of Tiju Division gradually evolved into the Huang family house in Nuodeng Village, and the former site of Yamen was also transformed into the imperial examination inscription workshop of the Huang people during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
Since the Tang Dynasty with clear records, the evolution and development of Nuodeng Village depends entirely on the rise and fall of the salt industry economy. During Nanzhao period, the salt production in Xinuo Dengjing had already reached a considerable scale. By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Wujing had handed over more than 38, taels of salt to the central government. Li Yuanyang's "Jiajing Dali Mansion Records" records: after opening five wells, he began to branch salt, and the salt of local wells was exclusively used in Dali; The salt of five wells specializes in Yongchang. It can be seen that the salt produced in Wujing area such as Nuodeng has long been famous in western Yunnan. Yongzheng's "Yunlong Zhou Zhi" notes: Nuo Deng and Shun Dang (salt tastes more salty, so you don't have to wash the stove, but you can turn it into sand. Because of its unusual salt quality, Baoshan and Tengchong have been fond of eating Nuo salt since ancient times. Due to the development of salt industry economy, Nuodeng Village once became one of the commercial centers in western Yunnan, and played an important role in the shops listed in Jiajing's Dali Mansion Records. In ancient Nuodeng, the post road of the commercial road runs east to Dali and Kunming, south to Baoshan Tengchong, west to Liuku Pianma, and north to Lanping, Lijiang and Tibet. At that time, merchants from all directions gathered, all industries were prosperous, everything was perfect, and goods flowed smoothly. The market in the village is driven four times a month. On the first and fifteenth days of the first lunar month, the street is driven, and on the eighth and twenty-third days, the street is driven by the mountain. Although the road surface is not wide, there are twenty or thirty shops on the north side of the hillside. Inno Deng is located in the valley, and many layers of residential buildings with different styles are built everywhere on several hillsides. Courtyard forms, such as three squares and one zhaobi, four-in-five patios, five-drop quadrangles, one printed quadrangle, etc. Because of the steep mountain, the buildings and courtyards between the front and back families are reconnected and the terraces are connected, which is often the courtyard where the back door above the front home leads to the back home. Village roads are paved with stone slabs, and there are three steps, one step and five steps. No one can count how many steps there are in the village.
The oldest existing building in Nuodeng Village is Wanshou Palace. According to records, Wanshou Palace was built in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was a guild hall for merchants from other provinces at that time. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the guild hall was converted into a temple, which was originally called Zhushou Temple. There are poems in the existing inscriptions in the Ming Dynasty: dancing when celebrating the Ming Dynasty, and listening to the call of the mountains when celebrating the birthday for thousands of years. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the temple was renamed Wanshou Palace. From the evolution of Wanshou Palace, we can see the economic prosperity of Nuodeng since Song and Yuan Dynasties, and this prosperity based on ancient production and circulation has greatly promoted the development of local social and cultural life. Although Yunlong was located in a remote place with inconvenient transportation, the Ming and Qing dynasties were still full of literary styles and talented people. Nuodeng Village has the largest number of imperial examinations in Yunlong (Nuodeng was the second among the three in Qing Dynasty, while Juren, Gongsheng and Scholar are numerous. At present, there are more than 6 Gongsheng and more than 5 Scholar verified from the genealogy of several Nuodeng families. For example, there is a family named Yang in the village, which is called Gongye Hospital, and all generations were born by Gongsheng. During the reign of Kanggan in the Qing Dynasty, Huang Gui, a juren in Nuodeng Village, was a well-known scholar, and was known as a scholar in central Yunnan. The earliest poetry collection in Yunnan, Poems of Southern Yunnan, once selected several poems of Huang Gui. Under the influence of Confucian culture, Nuodeng's old custom of respecting Confucius was quite rich, and Nuodeng's Confucius Temple was exquisitely built, especially Dacheng Hall, Tengjiao and Qixingmen. In the past, the scale of Confucius worship activities was very grand every year, and the traditional Confucian ideology was very obvious in Nuodeng Village.
The villagers in Nuodeng are known as "Nine Yang and Eighteen Surnames". Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Nanjing, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shanxi and other places have successively immigrated or moved for business or official reasons. After merging with the local aborigines, the existing resident families in Nuodeng Village have been formed. From the genealogy analysis, the ancestors of the families who first lived in Nuodeng were cremated after their death. After several generations of integration with the original residents, they not only maintained the traditional customs in the mainland, but also combined with the local main ethnic group Bai as a new group. Therefore, since the Qing Dynasty, Nuodeng villagers have all become Bai residents, and they have always maintained a complete Bai language and customs. For example, in terms of religious belief, the worship of the Lord of the Bai nationality is still very influential in Nuodeng Village. Nuodeng's owner is Wang Ji, the general of Luchuan, the third expedition of the Ming Dynasty, and he is called the owner of Sanchong. In addition to the belief in the Lord, the characteristics of the integration of the three religions in Nuodeng Village are also very obvious. They believe in Buddhism and Taoism, especially in religious activities and temple buildings, and the characteristics of Taoism are more prominent. The temple architecture in Nuodeng Village reached its peak in the period of Kanggan, and there are still the Jade Emperor Pavilion temple complex, Lingxingmen Temple, Confucian Temple, Wu Temple, Maitreya Temple, Xiangshan Temple, Guling Temple, Yunchong Temple, Kannonji, Wangmu Temple and Longwang Temple, as well as Wenchang Palace, Sanchong Temple, Chenghuang Temple, Kuixingge Temple, Caishen Temple and Guanguan Temple.
Religious integration is the same as ethnic integration. From the cultural and ideological situation of Nuodeng Village, the integrity of the Chinese nation has been inseparable since ancient times. As far as its particularity is concerned, Nuodeng Village embodies the humanistic landscape with certain typical value in Chinese historical and cultural heritage.
Since 22, due to the effect of famous historical and cultural villages, the prospect of cultural tourism development in Nuodeng Village has attracted wide attention. Leaders, experts, scholars and other people from social science, culture, press and tourism who came to Nuodeng Village for investigation, research and sightseeing have been in an endless stream, and tourists from home and abroad are increasing day by day, pouring in in in batches. Nuodeng, an ancient thousand-year-old Bai village, has become an economic and social undertaking in Yunlong.