China's ancient prose

1. ancient prose 1 prose: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit. Prose has more than one meaning. For parallel prose, it is a single pen without duality, the so-called prose poem. This is the "ancient prose" since the Tang Dynasty. This is the difference between classical Chinese and classical Chinese, which we don't need much now. For verse, prose has no rhythm; The so-called prose here is broader than the previous article. Although it is also an old mistake in classical Chinese, vernacular Chinese can also be used. These are all formal differences. There is also prose as opposed to poetry. It is not so much a difference in form as a difference in content. The difference in content is hard to say just right; Because it's too complicated, no matter what, it's inevitable to lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another. There are two sides in the middle. Such as the so-called prose poetry, poetry prose; Therefore, it is difficult to draw a clear line. The more entangled, the more widely used. The adjectives "poetic" and "prose" derived from poetry and prose can be used in almost anything, not limited to words. -Mr. Mao Dun has a short story called Poetry and Prose, which is an interesting example. According to the classification of poetry and prose, novels, dramas (except a few poetic dramas and rhymes in a few dramas) and "essays" in new literature are all essays. Papers, declarations, etc. It is also prose, but it is usually not included in literary works. Here, it is necessary to use quotation marks to explain this essay. It is an independent department of new literature, combined with poetry, novels and dramas, or vernacular prose, or lyric prose, or essays. This essay is very narrow, as can be seen from the names of "lyric essay" and "essay" Essays are only short essays of famous works; But now it means "trivial things around" or "homely style", so it has the purpose of "small decoration", which has been popular for some time in recent years; When we say prose, we really only mean this. In my opinion, the trend of this kind of prose is humor, travel notes, autobiography and reading club. If you just go to humor. The path of prose is really getting narrower and narrower, which is monotonous; Fortunately, there is a second way, which is one or two steps ahead of when we only write about trivial things around us. Generally speaking; What is real progress? Some people advocate writing public life in essays, which is naturally a good idea, but I hope to give some examples. Reading a secretary requires erudition, and now Mr. Zhou is almost the only one who can do it. Travel notes and biographies seem to have a lot of room for development. I think I might as well break the sketch and have something bigger. Long travel notes and autobiographies have begun; But I hope there are more people, so that we can get busy. Biography is not necessarily limited to autobiography, but can create new biographies of modern people and rewrite biographies of ancient people; Travel notes are not necessarily limited to hearing and seeing, but mixed with some historical memories, perhaps with a different flavor. This requires reading more books and collecting information first, which naturally takes some effort, but it is worth doing. Unwilling to do so, only keen observation and profound judgment can write wonderful things; But the aspects of life are broad and the attitude of life is serious. -Write not only travel notes and biographies, but also novels and dramas (read more books when writing historical novels and historical dramas). Life is a big book. I read too little, and my observation and judgment are still very poor. At present, I met Mr. Zhang in Tianjin. He said that modern literature has a new way to go. It is to let writers go to the mainland or the newly established areas and use their training (knowledge and skills) to write their observations into reportage. This is not a simple local spread in newspapers, nor is it a miscellaneous report by observers, but a literary work. He said that both college students and high school students can use their holidays to try this new design. I have an article "Description of the Mainland" in Taibai, and I have similar remarks. This is indeed a new way for our prose. In addition, you can also develop incisive and thorough life lyric papers, such as Cicero's "Talking about the Old"; But then you should read more books or learn more about the world. I'm afraid you won't see your grades for a while.

2. The best ancient 10 prose (1) ancient prose (10 prose) order: title → genre → source → author → dynasty → supplementary common sense 1. Persuade to learn → essays of various schools of thought → Xunzi → Xun Kuang → Warring States → Confucianism, advocating "innate vice".

Ancient prose, including various schools' prose, historical prose, fu prose, reasoning prose, travel prose and memorial prose. 2. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's mediocrity → historical prose → "The Warring States Policy"? Qi Ce → edited by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty, the largest national sports history book in China.

Touch the dragon and talk about the queen Zhao. Historical works include general history (Historical Records as a Mirror) and dynastic history (Twenty-three History of Hanshu).

The arrangement styles include chronological style (Spring and Autumn Annals edited by Confucius, Zuo Zhuan edited by Zuo Qiuming and Zi Tongzhi Jian edited by Sima Guang), national style (Guoyu edited by Zuo Qiuming, Three Kingdoms edited by Chen Shou and Warring States Policy edited by Liu Xiang) and biographical style (historical records and twenty-four histories). 3. Biography of Qu Yuan → Historical Prose (Biography) → Historical Records → Sima Qian → Shi Sheng, Western Han Dynasty.

The Hongmen Banquet, Biographies of Lian Po, Biographies of Lin Xiangru, Biographies of Qu Yuan, and Xinlingjun Stole Symbols to Save Zhao are all from Historical Records. Bao Ren An Shu is from Selected Works of Zhaoming.

Historical Records is the first biographical general history of China (the only general history among the twenty-four histories), including eight books, ten tables, twelve biographies, thirty biographies and seventy biographies. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme." Historical Records and Hanshu (Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the first dynastic history of China), Houhanshu (Ye Fan in the Southern Dynasty) and The History of the Three Kingdoms (Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty, also a national history book) are collectively called "Four Histories" (all biographies).

Historical Records and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, the largest chronological history book in China compiled by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, are also called "two treasures of history". 4. Chen Qingbiao → Papers → Selected Works → Shi Biao → Western Jin Dynasty.

The memorial, a document written by the minister to the emperor. 5. Teng Xu → Parallel Prose → Wang Zian Collection → Wang Bo → Tang Dynasty → Together with Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, it is called the "Four Masters of Early Tang Dynasty".

Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose, which pays attention to neat words and harmonious phonology. It is mainly composed of four or six sentences, also known as "four or six articles". Teacher's Theory → Argumentative Papers → Collected Works of Mr. Changli → Han Yu → Tang Dynasty → Known as "Han Changli" in the world, it was the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and Su Shi called it "the decline of eight generations of literature".

Liu Zongyuan and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the "ancient prose movement" in the Tang Dynasty, collectively known as "Liu Han". Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Northern Song Dynasty.

7. Epang Palace Fu → Fu Style Prose → Collected Works of Fan Chuan → Du Mu → Tang Dynasty → Known as "Du Fanchuan" in history, it was also called "Little Du Li" and "Guo Huaqing Palace" with Li Shangyin in the late Tang Dynasty. 8. "Six Kingdoms" → Argumentative Paper (Political Paper) → "Jiawu Ji? The book → Su Xun → Northern Song Dynasty →No. Lao Quan and his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe are collectively called "Three Sus", and they all belong to the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".

"A door three father and son, are great writers. The article has been handed down from generation to generation, and the proportion of Emei is high. "

9. Travel Notes of Baochan Mountain → Essays on Travel Notes → Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan → Wang Anshi → Northern Song Dynasty →No. Mid-levels Mountain. People are called kings and Wang Wengong, belonging to the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". "Gui Zhixiang? Jinling nostalgia 10. Chibi Fu → Fu Style Prose → A Brief Introduction to Jin Jing Dongpo's Collected Works → Su Shi → Northern Song Dynasty →No. Dongpo Jushi, whose ci created the wild school.

Shi Zhongshan and Niannujiao? Chibi nostalgia.

3. In ancient China, in order to distinguish it from rhymes and parallel prose, all prose articles, including classics, biographies and history books, which do not rhyme or rearrange couples, are called prose.

The development of China's ancient prose;

(1) Pre-Qin Prose

Including various schools of thought prose and historical prose. Hundred schools of thought's essays are mainly expositions, such as The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zhuangzi. Historical prose mainly focuses on historical themes, and all articles and books describing historical events and historical figures are historical prose, such as Zuo Zhuan.

(2) Prose of Han Dynasty

Sima Qian's Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty pushed biographical prose to an unprecedented peak. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, individual prose forms such as books, notes, inscriptions, essays and prefaces began to appear. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, the four masters of Han Fu, were praised by later generations as the four masters of Han Fu. In addition, Sima Xiangru, Meicheng, Chiayi and Huainan Mountain.

Prose of Tang and Song Dynasties

Under the impetus of the ancient prose movement, prose writing became more and more complicated, and literary prose appeared, resulting in many excellent works such as landscape travel notes, fables, biographies and essays, and the famous "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" also emerged at this time.

(3) Prose in Ming Dynasty

At first, the "Seven Sons" mainly imitated ancient times. Later, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was advocated that works "all flowed out from the chest", and Gui Youguang was famous. Qing dynasty prose: represented by Tongcheng school, Qing dynasty prose pays attention to the embodiment of "righteousness" Yao Nai, a representative writer of Tongcheng School, summed up the style of ancient Chinese prose and classified it into 13 categories, including argumentative essays, prefaces and postscripts, recitation, calligraphy, preface, imperial edict, biography, epitaph, miscellaneous words, ode, ci fu and mourning.

2. Modern prose

Refers to a literary style on an equal footing with poetry, novels and plays. It is characterized by expressing the author's views and feelings and revealing its social significance through the description of some fragments or life events in real life, which can be processed and created on the basis of real people and things; It doesn't necessarily have complete stories and characters, but focuses on expressing the author's feelings about life, with flexible selection of materials and strong lyricism. The "I" in prose is usually the author himself; Language is not limited by rhythm, and its forms of expression are diverse. It can be combined with narration, discussion, lyricism and description, or it can be emphasized. According to the needs of content and theme, we can create a certain artistic conception by describing typical details in life, describing images, depicting psychology, rendering the environment and setting off the atmosphere. Such as in novels, and use artistic techniques, such as symbols in poetry. Prose has many forms, such as essays, short comments, sketches, close-ups, travel notes, newsletters, letters, diaries, memoirs and so on. In a word, prose is short in length, free in form, widely used, flexible in writing and beautiful in language, which can quickly reflect life and is deeply loved by people.