The old rabbit cried bitterly, and the half-opened wall turned white.
The jade wheel rolled with dew and wet the surrounding light and shadow. Mo Yan in Guihua Lane once met the fairy of Lu 'an-E.
Looking at the three sacred mountains under the vast sea, things are changing like horses.
Looking at China's nine points and nine points, the water in Na Pianhai is as shallow as pouring out of a cup.
In this poem, the poet dreams of going to heaven and overlooking the world. Maybe he had this dream, or it was just a romantic idea.
The first four sentences describe the sky in the dream: "The old rabbit is cold and the toad is crying"-an ancient legend, there is a jade rabbit and a toad living in the moon. The old rabbit and the cold toad in the sentence refer to the moon. On a cold moonlit night, with dark clouds, there was a freezing rain floating in the air, as if the Jade Rabbit and the Cold Toad were crying in the middle of the month.
"The half-open wall of the cloud tower is inclined to be white"-the rain drifted for a while, then stopped, and the cloud split and became a towering pavilion; The moon came out from the cracks in the clouds, and the light shone on the clouds, showing a white outline, just like the wall of a house leaning against the moonlight.
"The jade wheel is rolling and wet"-the water vapor has not dispersed after the rain, and the sky is full of small water ideas. The moon like a jade wheel ran over the water vapor, and the light it gave out was all wet.
The above three sentences are all the scenery that the poet saw when he wandered in the sky in his dream.
In the fourth sentence, the poet himself entered the moon palace. "Luan Pei" is a couple carved by Yu Pei, which means fairy here. The poet met a group of fairies on the path of the Moon Palace where sweet-scented osmanthus was in full bloom.
These four sentences begin with seeing the moon; In a blink of an eye, the clouds are four in one, and the drizzle is fluttering; Then I saw the clouds clear and the moonlight was bright; Then the poet drifted into the moon palace; Hierarchical and step by step.
The following four sentences can be divided into two paragraphs. "The three mountains of yellow dust and clear water have been thousands of years." This is a dialogue between a poet and a fairy. These two sentences may come from the mouth of the fairy. "Yellow dust and clear water", in other words, popular words are "vicissitudes"; "Three Mountains" originally refers to the legendary three holy mountains of Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou. This refers to the three mountains in the East China Sea. It once had an allusion. Ge Hong's Biography of Immortals records that the immortal Magu once said to Wang: "I met Sansangtian in the East China Sea;" To Penglai, the water is slightly shallower than in the past. Will it be restored to the land? " In other words, the world is changing rapidly. "Seven days on the mountain, the world has been a thousand years", and the ancients often thought that the "fairy realm" was like this, so the poet thought that when people look back at the world at the Moon Palace, they will see the rapid changes of "a thousand years like a horse".
The last two sentences are the scenery seen by the poet "but when she turned her face and looked down at the earth". "qi zhou" means China. China was divided into Kyushu in ancient times, so the poet felt that Kyushu on the earth was like "smoke" at nine o'clock. "One Hong" equals one Wang of water, which means that the East China Sea is as small as an overturned glass of water.
In the above four sentences, the poet indulged in fantasy, as if he really flew into the moon palace and saw the time flowing on the earth and the scenery was insignificant. Romantic color is very strong.
In this poem, Li He describes the celestial fairyland by sleepwalking in the Moon Palace, so as to relieve his personal pain. Many fairies in the sky are in a quiet environment. You come and go and live a quiet life. Looking down on the world, the time is so short and the space is so narrow, which reflects the poet's deep feelings about the vicissitudes of the world and shows a cold attitude towards reality. Rich in imagination, fantastic in conception and relatively novel, which embodies the artistic characteristics of Li He's poems.
Appreciation of Li He's poem "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing"
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
"Yan Men Tai Shou Hang" is an old topic in Yuefu. In the era when Li He lived, rebellion broke out one after another and wars continued. For example, in the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty and the fourth year of Shi Zai (809), Wang Chengzong's rebels attacked Yizhou and Dingzhou, and the patriotic general Li led his troops to rescue them. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, he took the lead, broke through the tight encirclement, attacked Wu Yuanji rebels, killed the enemy and fled.
It is speculated from some legends and data records about the poem "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" that it may be a war to pacify the rebellion in the buffer region.
The whole poem consists of eight sentences, and the first four sentences are about the scene before sunset. The first sentence not only talks about scenery, but also about things, which successfully exaggerates the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. The word "dark clouds crush the city to destroy" vividly reveals the number and fierceness of the enemy, the disparity in strength between the warring parties and the difficult situation of the defenders. The defenders in the city are compared with the enemy outside the city. Suddenly, the situation changed, and a ray of sunshine penetrated through the clouds and reflected on the armor of the soldiers guarding the city, only to see glittering and dazzling. At the moment, they are preparing to fight. Here, daylight is used to show the camp and morale of the defenders, and the scene is very wonderful. It is said that Wang Anshi once criticized this sentence, saying, "When dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen claimed that he had indeed seen such a scene, accusing Wang Anshi of saying, "Song Lao's headscarf doesn't know poetry." In fact, the truth of art and the truth of life cannot be equated. When the enemy besieged the city, there may not be dark clouds. When the defenders are in array, it is not necessarily the sun that shines and cheers. Dark clouds and sunshine in poetry are the means for poets to create environment and intentions. The third sentence and the fourth sentence describe the gloomy and miserable battlefield atmosphere from the auditory and visual aspects respectively. It's already late autumn, and all the trees are crumbling. In the dead silence, the horn sounded. Obviously, a thrilling battle is going on. The Sound of Horn Everywhere outlines the scale of this war. With the advantage of numbers, the enemy clamored for progress and pressed forward step by step. The defender didn't get cold feet because of his weakness. Encouraged by the sound of the trumpet, their morale was high and they fought back hard. The fighting lasted from day to dusk. The poet did not directly describe the fierce scene of the wheel-staggered and hand-to-hand combat, but only made a rough but expressive description of the scene on the battlefield after the withdrawal of the two sides: the battle lasted from day to night, the sunset glow reflected the battlefield, and large rouge-like red blood condensed on the earth through the night fog. This gloomy and dignified atmosphere set off the tragic scene of the battle site, suggesting that both the offensive and defensive sides had a large number of casualties, and the soldiers guarding the city were still at a disadvantage, which made the necessary preparations for the next friendly rescue.
The last four sentences are about the activities of the rescue forces. "Half-rolled red flag is near Yishui" and "half-rolled" have extremely rich meanings. March in the dark and stop it in order to "surprise and attack it unprepared"; "Facing the Yi River" not only indicates the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have such a heroic pride as "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever". Then describe the bitter battle scene: as soon as the rescue troops approached the enemy camp, they beat gongs and drums and cheered and went into battle. But the night is so cold and frosty that even the drums can't move. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged. "I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death." Huang Jintai was built in southeast Xiao during the Warring States Period. It is said that he once put a lot of gold on the stage, saying that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to attract scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the court.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write tragic and tragic battle scenes with colorful words, and almost every sentence of Li He's poems has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple, which are not only bright but also rich in color. They are intertwined with black, autumn and jade white, forming a colorful picture. A poet, like a talented painter, is particularly good at coloring, expressing things with color and touching people with color, not just sketching out the outline. When he writes poetry, he seldom uses the technique of drawing lines, and always paints things with various novel and heavy colors with the help of imagination, which effectively shows their multi-level nature. Sometimes, in order to make the picture more vivid, he also mixed some things with different or even contradictory nature, making them parallel and dislocated, forming a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds over the city symbolize the arrogance of the enemy, and the brilliance of the sun shows the heroic attitude of the soldiers guarding the city. The contrast between the two is bright, the color is bright, and the love and hate are clear. Li He's poems are not only wonderful, but also appropriate. Strangeness and appropriateness are the basic characteristics of his poetry creation. This poem, colorful and mottled, depicts a tragic and tragic battle scene, which is bizarre; However, this colorful and peculiar picture accurately shows the frontier fortress scenery and the rapidly changing war situation at a specific time and place, which is very appropriate. Only its strangeness makes it more novel; Only when it is appropriate can it feel true; Strange and just right, thus forming a muddy and emotional artistic conception. This is Li He's unique skill in writing poems, which is both valuable and valuable to him.
Appreciation of Li He's poem Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb
Dewdrops on orchids in the cemetery are like her sad tears.
There is no knot in the knot, and the flowers in the cemetery are even worse.
Grass is like grass and loose as a cover,
The breeze is her clothes, and Jasper is her Yu Pei.
The oil-wall car used before death should be waiting around at night.
Wildfire Wildfire green, courtesy, lightning.
She walked, under the Xiling, only the wind and rain, whistling.
Li He's "Ghost" poems total only a dozen, less than one twentieth of all his works. However, the word "ghost" has formed an indissoluble bond with him and is regarded as "ghost talent" and "ghost fairy". What kind of thoughts and feelings these poems show and how to evaluate them have also become an unsolved pen and ink case. Li He actually writes about people and their feelings in real life by writing "ghosts". These "ghosts" and "although they are different, their feelings are still human" are by no means evil things that people talk about. Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb is a representative.
Su Xiaoxiao was a famous prostitute in Qiantang during the Southern Qi Dynasty. In the preface to The Tomb of the True Mother, Shen Li said, "There is a tomb of Su Xiaoxiao, a prostitute in Jiaxing County. It is stormy and rainy, or there is a voice singing on it." The whole poem starts from the scenery, and depicts the looming image of Su Xiaoxiao's ghost through melancholy scenes and rich associations.
The first four sentences directly depict the image of Su Xiaoxiao. Write a sentence or two about her beautiful appearance: the orchid is decorated with crystal dew, like her tearful eyes. Here, description is carried out through the eyes of the soul. One is to let people see the beauty of her whole person through her eyes, and the other is to show her mood. Orchids are beautiful, and orchids with dew are even more beautiful. But with the word "static", the realm is very different, giving people the feeling of cold air. It takes care of the word "tomb" in the title and leads to the word "crow" below, which sets a sad tone for the whole poem and creates an atmosphere of ghost activities. Write her mood in three or four sentences: Su Xiaoxiao, who lives in the nether world, has no joy of singing, but is full of worries. She pursued something before her death. Su Xiaoxiao of Gulefu said, "I rode a tanker and Lang rode a green horse. Where is the knot? Under the pine and cypress in Xiling. " However, after her death, her pursuit failed and nothing could be tied up. The wild flowers on the grave are also unbearable, and everything goes up in smoke. This emotion is the internal basis of the word "crow". In just four sentences and sixteen words, Su Xiaoxiao's ghost image is portrayed in both form and spirit, showing the poet's amazing artistic talent.
The middle six sentences are about the scriptures of Su Xiaoxiao's ghost: sandy green grass, like her wormwood mattress; Graceful pine trees, like her umbrella cover; When the spring breeze blows, her clothes are fluttering; The jingle of running water is her bell. The oil-walled car she took before her death was still waiting for her to have a tryst under the pine and cypress in Xiling. This part secretly takes care of the "disunity" in front. With the word "wait", the scene and atmosphere are even more bleak: the car is still there, just waiting in the air, and it can no longer be used to go to Xiling Mountain to realize the wish of "working together". Things are different, touching the scene makes people feel sad.
The last four sentences describe the bleak wind and bitter rain at the foot of Xiling Mountain: in the bleak wind and bitter rain, there is a flaming jack-o'-lantern with a dim green light. This part is closely related to "oil wall car, treat at night". Bamboo was originally designed for couples to meet. Lovers can't meet as promised, isn't that candle useless? There are candles and no one, which is even more desolate. "Cui Candle" describes the light color of the ghost fire, adding the word "cold", which embodies people's feelings and writes the cold inside the characters; "Glory" refers to the flame emitted by "bamboo", while "fatigue and glory" implies the infinite sadness of the characters. Isn't it? The goal will be difficult to achieve, hope will be reduced to ashes, and green candles will be put there in vain, which is useless. Scenery description is used to render the sad atmosphere, and at the same time, it also sets off the lonely and cold mood of the characters, showing the frustration and emptiness of the inner world to the fullest.
This poem starts with the scenery, associates the scenery with the characters, and integrates the description of the scenery with personification. Write about orchids, dewdrops, fireworks, grass, pine trees, spring breeze and running water. The pen is about scenery, and the pen is about people. Writing about scenery means writing about people. With the words "Ru" and "Wei", the scenery and characters are skillfully combined, which not only describes the scenery, creates the environmental atmosphere of ghost activities, but also shapes the characters, so that readers can see the scenery and people. The beautiful scenery in the poem not only shows the charm and variety of Su Xiaoxiao's ghost image, but also reflects her loneliness and desolation, thus achieving the artistic effect of killing two birds with one stone. These scenery descriptions all revolve around the central content of "Where is the knot, where is the pine and cypress in Xiling", so there is an inherent organic connection between the various parts of the poem, and the inner world of the characters is also concentrated and fully displayed, which seems to be full of emotions and thoughts and has the characteristics of muddy nature.
The theme and artistic conception of this poem are obviously influenced by Qu Yuan's Nine Songs Shan Gui. It is not difficult to find the shadow of Shan Gui's "being taken care of by Li Xi" and "laughing and laughing" from the images of Su Xiaoxiao's ghost orchid building crying eyes and windbreaker water clothes; Su Xiaoxiao's feelings of loyalty and resentment are closely related to Shan Gui's feelings of "cutting off the fragrance and thinking about the legacy" and "thinking about the child and leaving the sorrow". The state of rain and green candles under the Xiling is as bleak as the scene of "thunder fills the rain" and "the wind is rustling and the wood is rustling" when Shan Gui was looking forward to it. Because the poet adopts the technique of personification by scenery, Su Xiaoxiao's image in his works is more ethereal than Qu Yuan's Shan Gui's, with shadows and ghosts. She is so infatuated that even if she dies like a ghost, she will never forget to be one with her thoughts. She was trapped in prison and couldn't give up her wish. She lingered on the dark road with lingering sadness. In the image of Su Xiaoxiao, that is, from seclusion to leap, we see the poet's own shadow. The poet also has his pursuit and ideal, that is, to do something to save the troubled Li and Tang Dynasties. However, he was born at the wrong time, and the ability of wizards was not appreciated. He is also a "union with nothing"! Through the image of Su Xiaoxiao, the poet's lonely and indifferent mood is fully displayed. Behind the beauty, there is a sad and lonely thought, and through the sad appearance, it is not difficult to feel the poet's fiery liver and intestines. Ghosts are just a form. They reflect the content of the world and express people's thoughts and feelings.
Appreciation of Li He's Poems of Huai River (Part I)
In Vasa, Sima Xiangru, the green grass swells into the stone well.
Looking at Zhuo Wenjun while playing the pipa, I saw the spring breeze blowing her hair.
Alas, compared with Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Liang Xiaowang is like a broken stem.
Only one volume of documents remained after his death, but Emperor Wu climbed to the top of Mount Tai at the closing ceremony.
Li He is not allowed to be a scholar, so he stays at home in Hasegawa. Although his hometown is beautiful and he can enjoy family happiness, it is difficult for him to get rid of his depressed mood. Therefore, he borrowed Sima Xiangru's experience to express his feelings.
Sima Xiangru, the word evergreen, was a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Jingdi is a military official, and Wudi worships the filial piety garden order (managing the emperor's cemetery). Both of them are idle officials, which is extremely disproportionate to his talent and ambition. He was unhappy and finally gave up his official position and lived in Maoling's home.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences are about the surrounding environment of Maoling home and the carefree life interest of Sima Xiangru. The word "green grass hanging from the stone well" outlines a vivid and interesting picture, which sets off a quiet and elegant atmosphere: slender green grass hangs from the stone well fence and hangs quietly, pointing out that it is far away from the hubbub and even without wind interference. It's really quiet. It's quiet.
"Playing the piano to see Wen Jun, the spring breeze blows the shadow." In the idle days of Maoling, Sima Xiangru not only has beautiful scenery, but also has his beloved wife Zhuo Wenjun to accompany him day and night. Facing my bosom friend's wife, I poured out my music with the sound of the piano and watched her beautiful sideburns swaying slightly in the spring breeze. How can I not be intoxicated!
Sima Xiangru is brilliant and ambitious. Why does he enjoy doing nothing in a quiet corner? The last four sentences show that this is the result of the lack of attention to talents by those in power. He was brilliant when he was alive, but King Liang and Emperor Wu "abandoned it like straw" and abandoned it like straw. After his death, "only a short book was left, and the golden mud topped Mount Tai". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty regarded this book "The Book of Closing the Zen" left by him as a treasure, put it into practice, and climbed Mount Tai to worship heaven and Fu Liang. The ceremony and scene of "Mount Tai topped with golden mud" are so solemn and solemn, which shows the value and strength of "Amenorrhea". However, the word "Wei" in "Keep Only One Little Book" reveals the desolation and sadness of this situation: Is Sima Xiangru, who is knowledgeable, only worthy of this Zen book? What a mismatch between his knowledge and this poor spiritual legacy! The author carefully chose words, and comprehensively and accurately reflected Sima Xiangru's loneliness before his death and vanity after his death from all aspects with the most economical pen and ink.
The purpose of this poem is to express a person's resentment, but it begins with a description of Sima Xiangru's leisurely life, trying to suppress and promote the first. The feelings expressed before and after are very different, just like building a dam to store water, deliberately creating a situation of disparity in height, letting the flowing water of thoughts and feelings pour down and end up in a hearty way, which has a unique charm from reading.
Appreciation of Li He's Poems of Huai River (Part Two)
When writing a book at night, I was shocked to find that the gray hair on my head suddenly appeared a trace of frost.
Looking at the aging face in the mirror, I can't help laughing: a young man with a long face and white hair like me will have a long life in Nanshan!
Without a towel on his head, he wore a yellow dress, like a countryman.
If you don't see Qingxi fish, drink it properly.
In this poem, Li He describes his life and thoughts at home in detail. Fang Funan, a scholar in A Qing, said, "These two poems (referring to Ode to Huai) cannot be cited. When Jinshi returned to Changgu, he lamented that he was named a high official of Fenglilang. The former said to give gifts, and the latter said to be in Changgu. " This statement is consistent with the content of the poem. The whole poem laments the "old" poverty and is full of sadness and despair. It is obviously a work after misfortune.
"Write a book every day, and you will be shocked." After writing a book at night, I was shocked to find that the white hair on my head suddenly fell like frost, and I couldn't help feeling a lot. "Writing a book" is writing a poem. According to previous records, Li He rides a donkey every day for sightseeing. If he has any income, he will write it down on paper and put it in his toolkit. Take it out at night and put it under the lamp. "It's enough to grind ink and paper, not to be drunk." (Li Shangyin's Biography of Li Changji) It can be seen that he is a very diligent poet. Of course, he sings all day, mainly to relieve the depression of sinking. This is why he aged before he was old and his temples were frosted.
Write three or four sentences about your reaction when you see white hair. Although it looks relaxed on the surface, it can't hide the deep pain: "Laughing in front of the mirror, is it the Nanshan period?" Looking at the premature aging face in the mirror, I can't help laughing to myself: If you are so sad all day, your hair will turn white at a young age, and Nanshan still has a long life! Obviously, the poet has thought of "premature aging" and "premature death", showing pessimism and despair. His smile is nothing but a helpless wry smile.
The last four sentences are about the poor life when I live in my hometown: I don't wear a hat or a "towel" on my head, and I let the wind and the sun shine; Wearing yellow clothes dyed with bitter tillers is no different from people in rural areas. The word "bitter tiller" is commonly known as "yellow tiller", and the poet uses the word "bitter" instead of "yellow", which means that the whole body is bitter and miserable. At the same time, it writes about clothes, life and mood, and integrates narrative, figurative, romantic and other expression techniques in one furnace, so that objectivity and subjectivity are harmonious and unified, and emotions are conveyed by things and moved by emotions.
Writing in a very painful place, I suddenly made a mistake and deliberately explained: "I didn't see Qingxi fish, so I drank properly?" Those fish who live in Qingxi can't eat anything but water, but they still enjoy themselves and have fun. What am I dissatisfied with compared with fish? This is a turning point in form and a development and deepening in meaning. The poet's detached attitude effectively set off his sadness. On the contrary, the application of realistic philosophy in poetry creation has produced unusual expressive force.