Han Fu
Fu from the Han Dynasty. Fu is a literary genre between poetry and prose. It pays attention to literary grace and rhyme, and uses "objects to write stories" through "extracting prose". The first person to write a famous poem with Fu was Xun Kuang, a native of Zhao during the Warring States Period. However, the Han people often used Fu and Ci together, called Ci Fu. This is because Han Fu mostly imitated the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others of Chu State. The Han people collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a collection called "Chu Ci". The words "ci" and "fu" are used together to express the inheritance relationship between Han Fu and "Chu Ci". Due to the promotion of the upper-class ruling group in the Han Dynasty, the creation of Fu flourished. According to Ban Gu's "Preface to the Fu of Liangdu", during the reign of Emperor Cheng, "there were more than a thousand pieces written on and recorded by the Emperor". With the addition of works from the late Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number should be even more impressive.
The early Han Fu, such as Huainan Xiaoshan's "Recruiting Hermits" and Jia Yi's "Congratulations to Qu Yuan Fu", etc., are no different in form from "Chu Ci". Emperor Jing's Shi Meicheng composed "Seven Hairs", creating a new style of fu that was further dispersed and focused on extravagance. After being carried forward by Sima Xiangru and other famous Fu masters, the new style of Fu flourished after Emperor Wu and became the mainstream of Han Fu. Han fu in the new style can generally be divided into two categories: large fu and small fu. Judging from the content, most of the big poems describe scenes that boast about the prosperity of the capital, palaces, gardens and large-scale hunting by the emperor. They aim to praise virtues, whitewash peace, and cater to the rulers' desire for great achievements and pursuit of pleasure. At the end of the poem, they contain satirical admonitions. meaning. The main works include "Zixu Fu" by Sima Xiangru, "Changyang Fu" and "Yu Lie Fu" by Yang Xiong, "Liangdu Fu" by Ban Gu, "Tokyo Fu" and "Xijing Fu" by Zhang Heng, etc. These great poems were written magnificently and with great momentum. To a certain extent, they reflected the prestige of the unified Han Empire and the extravagant and vigorous style of the feudal ruling class during its rise. However, in order to achieve formal magnificence, great Fu often exaggerates and piles up a large number of words. They like to use cold and rare words to show off their richness and strive for novelty. At the same time, the later great Fu is more imitative than innovative, and the writing is rigid. These are all It affects the artistic appeal of the work. Xiaofu is shorter in length, either lyrical or allegorical, with broader content and fresher style. It was mainly popular in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Famous works include Zhang Heng's "Gui Tian Fu", Zhao Yi's "Ji Shi Xie Fu", Mi Heng's "Parrot Fu", etc.
Many pieces of Han Fu were scattered and lost in the process of circulation. The existing works, including some fragments, total about 200 pieces, which are collected in "Historical Records", "Han Shu", "Han Shu" and "Historical Records". "Book of the Later Han", "Selected Works" and other books.