Confucius: Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of the Confucian school in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Because his parents once prayed to Niqiu Mountain for the birth of a son, he was named Qiu and given the courtesy name Zhongni.
Mencius: Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC) was a native of Zoucheng, Shandong. Ke, courtesy name Ziyu, was a great thinker and statesman in ancient China. One of the representative figures of Confucianism during the Warring States Period. He is the author of "Mencius", a collection of Mencius' remarks and a Confucian classic that records Mencius' language, political views and political actions.
A collection of chants inscribed on Mencius Lin Temple in the past dynasties
Collected 371 chants, recorded respectively from Meng Zilin Tomb, Meng Mansion, Meng Mu Lin Tomb Ancestral Temple, Meng Mu's three moving places, Historical stone carvings in Duanji Hall, Zisi Academy and other places; Ming Dynasty Chenghua version of "Confucius, Yan and Meng Sanshi Zhi", Jiajing version of "San Qian Zhi", Wanli version of "Meng Zhi", Tianqi version of "San Qian Zhi", Qing Dynasty version The Yongzheng version of "Sanqianzhi", the Guangxu version of "Recompilation of Sanqianzhi", and the previous "Zou County Chronicles" and other related books.
The time limit for the collection of inscriptions and chants in this book starts from the Han Dynasty and ends at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Within this time limit, all the inscriptions and chants about Mencius or Mencius’s mother and Zisi who were closely related to Mencius contained in the above-mentioned stone carvings and historical records will be included in all those who can see them.
When collecting relevant information, this book adheres to the principle of using original sources. Where there are both stone carvings and publications, the stone carvings will be used. If the stone carvings have been destroyed and there are multiple printings, the earliest version will be used.
The contents of this book include: paying homage to Yasheng Zou Guo Cemetery, paying homage to the ancestor Zou Guogong Temple, the stele of Mengzi Temple in Zou Ruo, the ode to the stele of the Prime Minister’s right visit to Zou Mencius, and the first visit to Yasheng Public poems and other content.
A collection of inscriptions on the Mencius Lin Temple in the past dynasties/China Confucius Foundation library download Dianping
Book review
Zou, the hometown of Mencius. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Zhu and Zhu Lou; in the Warring States Period, it was called the State of Zou; in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was called Zou County. Later it was also called Zouxian County, and Zoucheng City is now located within its territory. There are Mencius' forest tomb and ancestral temple here, as well as the place where Mencius' mother moved three times and the place where her mother died, the place where Zisi wrote "The Doctrine of the Mean", Zisi Academy, Zisi Temple and other ancient relics, sites and monumental buildings related to Mencius. . With mausoleums like towers, palace verandas shaded by junipers and cypresses, and ruins that have gone through many vicissitudes of life, it is a holy place for people of all ages to pay homage to, pay homage to, and offer sacrifices to Mencius. It is also a holy place for scholars and scholars to seek the roots of Confucianism. When people come to pay homage to, pay homage to, and offer sacrifices to Mencius, they are always driven by an emotion; and after paying homage, paying homage, and offering sacrifices to Mencius, this emotion will be comforted and further sublimated, and they will be filled with emotions. To express this kind of emotion, chanting is of course the most elegant form. "There is a famous temple in the south of Zoucheng, and the ground is covered with monuments and the walls are filled with poems." "It is possible to write seven chapters on the half-finished Fuyi stone?" This is the praise and exclamation of the visitors to the Meng Temple for the many inscriptions.
However, the Mencius Temple did not exist after the death of Mencius, but was founded by Kong Daofu, the 45th generation grandson of Confucius, in the fourth year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1037). At that time, although Mencius was once again praised by Sun Fu, Hu Yuan and Shi Jiesan, it was not officially recognized yet. It was not until the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083) that he was posthumously named Zou Guogong. Subsequently, the Mencius Temple was also moved from the side of Mencius's tomb on Siji Mountain, which is more than 30 miles away from Zoucheng, to the east corner of Zoucheng. Because the terrain was low-lying and prone to flooding, in the third year of Xuanhe (1121), the county scholar Xu Zu and others donated money to move the temple from Dongguo, the county seat, to the left side of the south gate, where it is now located. Therefore, before the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no chanting in Mencius Temple. However, as early as the Western Han Dynasty, there was praise for Meng Mu. These praises, known as Praise to Mencius's Mother, were actually triggered by Mencius, and the praise of Meng's Mother also contained praise for Mencius. The "Ode to Mencius" in Liu Xiang's "Biography of Women" of the Western Han Dynasty said: "The son failed to advance in his studies, so he cut off his opportunity to show off. The son then became virtuous and became the best in the world." Zuo Fen of the Western Jin Dynasty said in "Praise to Mencius' Mother": "Stop the machine to stimulate the son, and spread the secrets of the grave. Be wise and know the rituals, and explain the holy way." This is the germ of the poems about Mencius. Poems about Mencius in the Northern Song Dynasty are not stored in Mencius Temple, but in the poetry collections of some scholars and politicians who respected Mencius. For example, Han Qi, who is as famous as Fan Zhongyan, wrote "Praise to Mencius", which further affirmed Han Yu's praise of Mencius in the Tang Dynasty: "Those who are mellow and mellow are Mencius." "Compared with his great achievements, they are even greater than those of Yu." "Confucius After that, there is only one person." Wang Anshi chanted Qijue: "The soul can't be moved when I read it. Why don't the whole world find it too broad, so this person comforts the loneliness." He became Mencius' close friend more than a thousand years later.
Although the Mencius Temple was established in the Northern Song Dynasty, people's acceptance of it still took a long time. Before people started to write poems, the Jurchens drove away the Hui and Qin emperors, and Zouxian County became the territory of the Jin Dynasty. Because there was no one to visit, Mencius Temple was deserted. "The first teacher established a religion to honor Ji Kong, and his temple is like a grass." This is the lament left by Tongben Zhao Ding after he visited the temple. Visitors came quietly to Mencius Temple and either carved the inscription on the underside of the stele or hid it in a bag for the next day. Although there are very few poems about Mencius in the Jin Dynasty, the poems about Mencius that have survived in Mencius Temple began to appear in this dynasty.
The Mongolian rulers of the Yuan Dynasty conferred the highest titles on both Confucius and Mencius. One was Dacheng Supreme Saint King Wenxuan, and the other was Zou Guoya Shenggong. Even Mencius' parents were posthumously named "Gong of the State of Zhu" and "Mrs. Xuanxian of the State of Zhu" respectively. At this time, Mencius Temple was rebuilt and expanded, and the number of visitors to the temple increased day by day. However, for some reason, there are those who write names, but those who write chants are rare. The few remaining poems are only tied at the end of the inscription.
For example, Professor Zhang Jing, a descendant of Confucius, Yan and Mencius, exclaimed for Mencius in the "Inscription on the Mencius Temple": "If Heaven wants to bring peace and order, who will leave me? Who can I find with my own nature and body, if I have nothing to do with you?" Do you know how sad I am?"
After Ming Taizu unified the world, although he believed in Confucianism and Taoism, he was greatly disgusted when he read the words "Tu Jie" and "Kou Qiu" in "Mencius". Liu Sanwu was ordered to write the "Mencius Festival", 85 chapters of "Mencius" were deleted, and the Mencius tablet was expelled from the Confucius Temple. Even though Mencius was neglected, local officials in Zouxian County still rushed to rebuild Mencius' temple. Gui Mengye, the first magistrate of the county, wrote after visiting the temple: "The old house where the books are stored is green and moss rains, and the temple is supported by the wind of ancient trees in the wilderness. I recommend a cup of algae to pour down the foundation, hoping to use a small amount of force to achieve the previous result." Because Meng Temple is close to the ancient road, there are two post stations in Zouxian County, Zhucheng and Jiehe. An endless stream of important officials from the passing court came to Meng Temple to pay their respects. They used the most beautiful poems to praise Mencius to their heart's content. For example, the scribe especially preserved the poem "Songs of Sacrifice to Mencius": "Mount Tai Yan Yan, with Yu surpassing Xun, his achievements are blazing. He ordered the world to be a sage, mellow and mellow, and respected benevolence and righteousness. Shao Yao succeeded Shun, and the Tao was passed on to him. My body will never fall..." It is specially chanted by the chief worshiper when offering sacrifices to Meng. A poem written by Xue Yu in Hedong: "Beside the ancient road of Zou Guocong Temple, there are full forests of pines and cypresses with green smoke. Far away from Queli, there are thousands of years of worship, close to Xuanni's centenary biography..." The carved stone is inlaid on the wall of the temple. Later, Wang Huashang, Shao Xian and others competed for Yunzhigan. After visiting the Mencius Temple together, the censors Chen Zhu and Li Ling "invented the meaning of Meng Fuzi's name" in the ancient style of five characters with the same rhyme. It is common for many people to chant the same topic at the same time, and it is not uncommon for one person to chant multiple topics. For example, Lu Yingtian, a postgraduate student of Dongguan, wrote three chapters of self-warning poems after visiting the temple; Xu Bing, a native of Gaitingshan, composed six poems in the ancient style of five characters and Qijue with the titles of Meng Temple, Meng Lin, Meng Mu Temple, etc.; Yangming School Xu Fu, his successor, paid a visit to Mencius Temple from afar and wrote six quatrains with great ambition. Among local officials, there was even a group of chanters who described the Mencius Temple and the holy sites in Mencius' hometown. For example, during the Chenghua period, Confucian edicts Liu Jun and Liao Hai, Hu Xuan and county magistrate Gu Jun, etc., sang to each other with titles such as "Yasheng Temple", "Sanqian Jiaozi", "Zhongyong Jingshe", etc. , leaving more than 20 poems with titles such as Qilu, Qijue, and Five-Character Ancient Style. This dynasty was the heyday of Ye Meng's poems, which were not only rich in content and diverse in form, but also had the largest number of surviving poems, with about 260 pieces, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total number of surviving poems in the past dynasties.
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*** There are 371 inscribed poems, which were recorded from Meng Zilin's Tomb, Meng's Mansion, Meng Mu's Tomb and Temple, the place where Meng Mu moved three times, and where her mother died. Historical stone carvings in the hall, Zisi Academy and other places; Ming Dynasty Chenghua version of "Confucius, Yan and Meng Sanshi Zhi", Jiajing version of "San Qian Zhi", Wanli version of "Meng Zhi", Tianqi version of "San Qian Zhi", Qing Dynasty Yongzheng version The current "San Qian Zhi", the Guangxu version of "Recompilation of San Qian Zhi", as well as the previous "Zou County Chronicles" and other related books.
The time limit for the collection of inscriptions and chants in this book starts from the Han Dynasty and ends at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Within this time limit, all the inscriptions and chants about Mencius or Mencius’s mother and Zisi who were closely related to Mencius contained in the above-mentioned stone carvings and historical records will be included in all those who can see them.