Crusade (Latin: Cruciata, 1096- 129 1) is a series of famous religious and military actions that lasted for nearly 200 years with the permission of the Roman Catholic Pope.
Feudal lords and knights in western Europe waged nine wars against eastern Mediterranean countries in the name of recovering the land occupied by the invasion of * * * * *.
The cross is a symbol of Christianity, so everyone who takes part in the expedition wears the cross on his chest and arms, so he is called the Crusader.
Jerusalem, which belonged to the holy land of Roman Catholicism at that time, fell into * * *. In order to recover lost territory, Roman Catholicism carried out many crusades.
But in fact, the crusade is not limited to * * *. For example, the Fourth Crusade was aimed at the Byzantine Empire which believed in the Orthodox Church.
Crusaders established dozens of Crusader countries in the areas they occupied, the largest being the Kingdom of Jerusalem, in addition to the Principality of Antioch and the Kingdom of Tripoli.
2. The religious war in France
Les Guerres de religion (1562-1598, 1559- 1594), also known as Huguenot War/Huguenot War.
It has created conditions for the reunification of the nation-state and economic revival.
From 65438 to 1940s, Calvinism began to spread in France and was called Huguenot School.
The great feudal aristocrats in southern France believed in Calvinism and tried to seize church property by the Reformation.
They had a profound conflict of interest with the Catholic feudal nobles with separatist tendencies in the north, which eventually evolved into a long-term civil war.
Eight consecutive fierce confrontations between Catholicism and Protestantism in the16th century did harm to France.
In 1598, Henry IV promulgated the edict of Nantes on religious tolerance, which ended the Huguenot War for more than 30 years.
The French monarchy has been strengthened, creating conditions for the reunification of the nation-state and economic revival.
But it also has its limitations.
3. Religious wars in Uganda
Religious wars in Uganda, conflicts and wars between Anglican Church, French Roman Catholic Church and * * * * missionaries in Uganda in equatorial Africa.
/kloc-in the 9th century, during the reign of King Mutsa I of Buganda (1856 ~ 1888), his kingdom began to be influenced by foreign countries.
1877, Anglican missionaries entered Buganda.
The French Roman Catholic Church and * * * * missionaries also came to Uganda to preach in equatorial Africa.
Mwanga, the local king, was afraid of the influence of outsiders on his subjects, so he decided to eradicate foreign missionaries.
But he was forced to flee before implementing this plan, and his younger brother Kikukawa succeeded to the throne.
Although Kikaiwa allows three religions to enjoy equal missionary rights, Uganda is not peaceful.
4, Buganda religious war
Buganda religious war was a war between Buganda Christian armed forces and Buganda religious armed forces at the end of 19.
1In September, 888, King Mwanga of Buganda was deposed by the sect of * * *, and his brother Kgalema succeeded him as king.
In April of the following year, Mwanga organized Christian armed forces to attack the capital Kampala, and was defeated by the * * * army supporting Kgalema.
On June+10, 5438, Mwanga got the aid of the Christian army led by Chief Kagawa, and attacked Kampala again. The * * * army was defeated by Bugno.
165438+ October * * Army and Bugueno Luo Army jointly attacked Kampala, and the Christian Army was defeated and retreated to Bringugui Island.
1February, 890, the two armies fought with Iraq in Bowen, and the * * * army was defeated.
1991may, the Christian army defeated the * * * army again in bugangazi, and Mwanga was reset.
5. Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a large-scale scuffle between European countries evolved from the civil war of the Holy Roman Empire, and it was also the first all-European war in history.
This war is the product of European countries competing for interests, establishing hegemony and intensifying religious disputes.
The war ended with the failure of the Habsburg dynasty and the signing of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia.
In the late Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire declined gradually, and internal feuds among princes continued. After the Reformation, there was a sharp opposition between Catholicism and Protestantism. In addition, neighboring countries have risen in succession. 16 18 to 1648, a large-scale international war involving major European countries in the German civil war broke out, also known as the "religious war".
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The war was basically supported by German Protestant vassals and Denmark, Sweden, France (France is Catholic, but in order to dominate Europe, it stood with Protestant countries), the Netherlands, Britain and Russia; The Holy Roman Emperor, German Catholic vassals and Spain are on the other side, and they are supported by the Pope and Poland.
This war promoted the formation of European nation-states and was the beginning of modern European history.
The war wiped out about 25% to 40% of the population in the German states. Three quarters of the population of Wittenberg, Pomerania, Silesia and Germanic States were killed, and nearly half of the men were killed.
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