The sage of poetry-Du Fu
The sage of painting-Wu Daozi
The sage of calligraphy-Wang Xizhi
The sage of poetry-Du Fu: Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD), named Zimei, Han nationality, from Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather Du Yiyi came from Xiangyang, Hubei Province to serve as the magistrate of Gongxian County, and his family moved to Gongxian County. From grandfather Du Shenyan, father Du Xian, to Du Fu, the Du family has been in Gong County for 85 years. The Xiangyang Du family, one of the branches of the Jingzhao Du family, later moved to Gong County, Henan. Called himself Shaoling Yelao, he was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du".
Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry, and he was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations. In Du Fu's middle age, because of his melancholy poetic style and concern for the country and the people, Du Fu's poems were called " History of Poetry”. His poems are good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, with various styles. The four words "depressed and frustrated" accurately summarize the style of his own works, and the main style is melancholy. Du Fu lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's suffering at that time. His poems recorded the transition from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. The great changes in history express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and the strong sense of worry, so it is known as the "history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Thatched Cottage.
Du Fu created such masterpieces as "Looking in Spring", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and unrestrained side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".
The core of Du Fu's thoughts is the Confucian benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of "bringing the kings to Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection".
Painting Sage-Wu Daozi: Wu Daozi, (approximately 680-759 AD), a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, is honored as Painting Sage in the history of painting, also known as Daoxuan. Han nationality, from Yangdi (now Yuzhou, Henan). He was born around AD 680 (the first year of Yonglong) and died around AD 758 (the first year of Qianyuan). He was lonely and poor, and he became famous for his paintings when he was young. He once served as county lieutenant in Xiaqiu, Yanzhou (now Ziyang, Shandong), but resigned soon after. Later he lived in Luoyang and engaged in mural creation. During the Kaiyuan period, he was called to the court for his good painting skills and served successively as enshrined minister, doctor of internal medicine, and friend of Prince Ning. He once studied calligraphy with Zhang Xu and He Zhizhang, and learned how to use pens by watching Lady Gongsun dance her sword. He is good at Buddhism, Taoism, gods and ghosts, figures, landscapes, birds and beasts, vegetation, pavilions, etc. He is especially good at Buddhism, Taoism, figures, and mural creation.
The Sage of Calligraphy - Wang Xizhi: Wang Xizhi (303-361, 321-379), courtesy name Yishao, Han nationality, was a famous calligrapher during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". A native of Langya (now Linyi, Shandong), he later moved to Shanyin, Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), and lived in seclusion in Jinting, Shan County in his later years. He successively served as secretary Ying, general Ningyuan, governor of Jiangzhou, and later as internal history of Kuaiji, leading the right general. His calligraphy is good at Li, Cao, Kai, Xing and other styles. He studies the styles carefully, imitates them with his heart and hands, draws on the strengths of others, prepares various styles, and cultivates them in one furnace. He breaks away from the writing style of Han and Wei Dynasties and becomes his own style with far-reaching influence. The style is peaceful and natural, the writing style is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful and healthy. His representative work "Lanting Preface" is known as "the best running script in the world". In the history of calligraphy, he and his son Wang Xianzhi are collectively known as the "Two Kings".
Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is admired by calligraphers of all ages and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang was also good at Li, Cao, Kai, Xing and other styles. He studied the styles carefully, imitated them with his heart and hands, picked up the strengths of others, prepared various styles, and cultivated them in one furnace. He got rid of the writing style of Han and Wei Dynasties and became his own style with far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is gentle and natural, his writing style is euphemistic and implicit, and he is beautiful and vigorous. People often use Cao Zhi's "Luo Shen Fu": "As graceful as a startling giant, as graceful as a wandering dragon, with glorious autumn chrysanthemums, and luxuriant spring pines. As if covered by light clouds. "The moon is fluttering like snow in the flowing wind." is a sentence to praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Legend has it that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy so hard when he was young that over time, the water in the pond used to clean his brushes turned into ink. Later generations commented: "Floating like wandering clouds, powerful like a frightened dragon", "Dragon leaping over the Tianmen, tiger lying in the Phoenix Pavilion", "Nature is natural, and the gods are abundant." There are idioms about him such as penetrating wood three points, east bed quick son-in-law, etc. The most obvious feature of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style is his delicate brushwork and changeable structure.
Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy has influenced generations of calligraphers. Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Ji, Heyan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty. These famous calligraphers in the past dynasties were sincerely convinced by Wang Xizhi. , so he enjoys the reputation of "Sage of Calligraphy".