Use allusions
There are two kinds: quoting useful things and quoting previous poems. Using things is to express the author's thoughts and feelings through historical stories, including his position and attitude towards some problems in real life, personal feelings and wishes. , belongs to the ancient express my feelings. The purpose of quoting or using predecessors' poems is to deepen the artistic conception in poems, to urge people to associate and to seek meaning beyond words. Use allusions to make the language concise and rich in content. If you don't understand allusions, it will often affect your understanding of poetry.
give rise to
Set-off refers to the use of similar or opposite conditions between things, with some things as a set-off, highlighting the expression of things to be expressed. It can make the things that are set off more prominent and vivid. There are two types of foil: positive and negative. Using similar conditions of things to set off is positive contrast; It is contrast, set off by the opposite conditions of things.
(1) positive lining
It means starting from the front, that is, using something similar to the main body (foil) as a foil.
(2) Contrast
It refers to the use of the opposite conditions of things to set off the main things. This is a way to make the description of something clearer and more prominent in the works, and to adopt opposing and opposite things to complement each other.
Be related to ...
The connection between one thing and another, or the connection of similar features in things, constitutes a model.
imagine
On the basis of existing materials and concepts, people create new images through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis. (Wolf falls in love with sheep) and "In love, help each other to go far away". )
rise and fall
This refers to saying the negative and positive aspects at the same time, highlighting only one of them, so as to achieve the purpose of restraining one, promoting the other or restraining the other. There are two kinds: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising.
(1) Restrain first and then promote.
(2) first raise and then suppress
The traditional expression is "Fu, Bi and Xing". ?
Fu: It is a way to express things directly. ?
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to go straight to the subject to describe things and express thoughts and feelings.
Others include: expressing meaning with objects, expressing meaning with scenery, expressing meaning with objects, expressing meaning with scenery and expressing meaning directly; Contrast, symbol, foil, association, contrast, excitement, sadness and rendering; Dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, and suppression combination; Side description and front description; Direct lyric, indirect lyric, etc.
Classification of ancient poetry:
Homesick poetry?
A farewell poem for a friend.
Frontier war poems?
Pastoral landscape poems
Ode to history and cherish ancient poems
Holding something to express poetry?
Worried about the country and the people?
Poems that make contributions to the country
Poetry of life?
Leisure and seclusion poems
Life miscellaneous poems
Improvised lyrics
Classification of modern poetry:
According to different principles and standards, it can be divided into different categories. The basics are as follows:
1. Narrative poems and lyric poems. This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative Poetry: There are relatively complete story lines and characters in the poem, which are usually expressed by the poet's passionate singing style. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category. Ancient Greek Homer's epics such as Heriat and Odyssey; China poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang and other story poems; Poetic novels, such as Don Juan by British poet Byron and yevgeni onegin by Russian-born China poet Pushkin.
(2) Lyrics: It mainly reflects the social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc. There are many such works, so I won't list them one by one. Of course, narration and lyricism are not absolutely separated. Narrative poetry is also lyrical, but its lyricism requires close combination with narrative. Lyric poems often describe some fragments of life, but they can't be spread out, and they must obey the needs of lyricism.
2. Metric poems, free poems and prose poems. This is classified according to the phonological meter and structural form of the language of the work.
(1) Metric poetry: It is a poem written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict rules on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables), the tone and rhyme, the antithesis of words and the arrangement of sentence patterns. Such as the metrical poems, quatrains and songs in China's ancient poems and the European sonnets.
(2) Free verse: it is a newly developed poetic style in modern Europe and America. It is not limited by metrical rules, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and internal rhythm, and uses rhymes roughly similar or without rhymes. The number of words, lines, sentence patterns and tones are relatively free, and the language is relatively popular. Whitman, an American poet (1819-1892), is the founder of European and American free verse, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This poetic style has also become popular in China since the May 4th Movement.
(3) Prose poetry: it is a literary genre with both prose and poetry characteristics. There are poetic artistic conception and excitement in the works, which are often full of philosophy, paying attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. The length is short, like prose, and it does not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's Wild Grass.