Author: Gao Shi
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.
Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.
Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.
Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp.
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.
When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.
Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure.
Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and there was nothing ahead in the place of death and blue void.
Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?
However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago.
2. The poem "Ge Yanxing" Ge Yanxing
The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cold.
Plants are shaken and exposed to frost,
Yan Ci group belongs to Yuanyang (1) Nanxiang.
Thinking of a gentleman, wandering heartbroken,
I miss my hometown,
Why did you send it after staying for a long time?
A concubine was guarding her room alone,
I dare not forget when I am worried about you.
I don't think my clothes are crying.
Help the piano to sing strings and send them to Qing merchants.
Short songs cannot be long.
The moon shines on my bed,
The stars are cold and flowing west, and the night is still young.
Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance.
How can we limit the river beam?
Yan Ge Hangji
Another day is easy, mountains and rivers are long and the road is long.
Yu Taojun didn't dare to speak, and sent the cloud back.
Tears and tears ruin the face, who can worry without sighing?
Show poetry and sing songs, talk about self-forgiveness, and sorrow will destroy the lungs and liver.
I can't sleep with a pillow. I put on my clothes, went outside, looked up at the stars, the moon and the clouds.
The birds sound pitiful in the morning and can't stay in their arms.
3. Discuss the multiple themes of Ge Yanxing by Gao Shi in combination with poetry. Ge Yanshi (Elective Course of Senior Two, Jiangsu Education Edition)
Learning objectives:
First of all, analyze the multiple themes expressed in Ge Yanxing.
2. Analyze the hierarchical structure and main artistic features of Ge Yanxing. (key)
Class arrangement: one teaching time.
Teaching process:
First, introduce new courses.
The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation shakes and exposes frost.
Yan Zhiqun's words return to Yan Nanxiang, thinking of your guests.
I miss my hometown, so why did you send it to stay for a long time?
I keep my room empty, but I can't forget the time when I care about you.
I don't think my clothes are crying.
Short songs cannot be long.
The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west.
Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam?
-Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing
(A brief comparison between two poems)
Two. Author and background
1. Original preface: In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, a guest returned from the ancient Jinshi and wrote "Ge Yanxing" to show comfort and preparedness, so it was harmonious.
2. The high-quality word Duff is called Gao Changshi; The main representative of frontier poetry school in Tang dynasty; "Gao, Yan"; His frontier poems are full of emotion, strong artistic conception and unrestrained momentum; Longer than seven ancient times.
3. Appreciation of the text:
Tang Zhiyun 05 Frontier Poets (Ⅱ). space
Four. Text analysis
1, three aspects of "feeling defense"
Tang Jia's "feelings".
Feeling homesick and homesick.
I feel that the bitterness and joy in the army are uneven.
This poem is well conceived and is written around the war scene. The whole article * * * 28 sentences are divided into four layers:
The first eight sentences were written by the teacher, focusing on the atmosphere;
The second layer writes defeat in eight sentences to reveal its reasons;
On the third floor, I wrote eight sentences to describe the suffering of acacia;
On the fourth floor, write four sentences to fight to the death, showing lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments.
3. Thinking in this article
Through the profound reflection of various sharp contradictions in the frontier battlefield, this poem warmly praises the heroic spirit of patriotic soldiers who are fearless and not afraid of sacrifice, and exposes the cruel class oppression in the feudal army. He gave the "general" a powerful whip for the failure of the war caused by corruption, and expressed deep sympathy for the tragic experience of the broad masses of foot soldiers.
4. Art appreciation
First, poetry is good at depicting frontier fortress scenery and rendering battlefield atmosphere;
Second, make full use of contrast.
Han Jiang (male): Heavy rampage-half life and death-with fewer soldiers-looking back in vain-depending on honor to death.
General: Still in the camp, beautiful girls are dancing and singing for them-serving a good cause and taking life and enemies lightly-but despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe.
Comparison of four groups
Tang Jun-the enemy.
Warrior general
Recruitment-Female Thinking
Ancient generals-present generals
Third, borrow scenery to express emotion and blend scenes.
Fourth, the sentence pattern is scattered and the language is powerful.
5. according to the following tips, enjoy >.
1 expresses multiple themes. Please make a summary.
2. Please analyze the hierarchical structure and main performance characteristics of Ge Yanxing by Gao Shi.
3. Ge Yanxing is a poem with classical poetry style, but it also contains some characteristics of modern poetry.
Gao Shi's Yan Geling wrote an 800-word composition. Thank you very much. Yan Ge Xing is not only Gao Shi's "first masterpiece" (close to Zhao Xi's comments), but also the representative work of frontier poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. This is not accidental, it has been told through the ages.
In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727), Gao Shi went north to accumulate Yumen. In twenty years, Li Yi, the king of Xin 'an, conquered Xi and Qidan. He went north to Youyan, hoping to work for the Xin 'an shogunate, but failed to do so: "Without the letter of guarantee, all the generals would be in debt.
Disappointed with Sun Wu, he went back to the door alone (Ji Zhong Zuo). It can be seen that he has studied the military affairs of the northeast frontier fortress.
In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, Youzhou made Zhang Shouxuan make some achievements. But in twenty-four years, Pinglu made An Lushan beg and qidan, saying that "An Lushan relied on courage and lightness skill, and was defeated by Lu" (Zi Jian, Volume 215).
Twenty-six years, Youzhou ordered Zhao Kan and Bai Zhentuo to keep Zhang Shouxuan, and forced Lu Army to send troops to attack Xi and Qidan, winning first and then losing. "Keep Xuan Yin's shape, and play the role in vanity" ("Old Tang Book? Zhang Shousheng biography).
Gao Shi was deeply impressed by the two defeats after Kaiyuan twenty-four years ago, so he wrote this article. The main purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor for their arrogance, underestimation of their enemies, debauchery and dereliction of duty, which led to the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers.
The poet wrote about the frontier war, but the focus was not on ethnic contradictions, but on generals who sympathized with soldiers, satirized and resented them. The whole poem describes the whole process of a battle with very concentrated pen and ink: the first paragraph, eight sentences are about division, the second paragraph, eight sentences are about defeat, the third paragraph, eight sentences are about besieged city, and the fourth paragraph and four sentences are about the outcome of a desperate struggle.
Between these segments, the pulses are dense. The first two sentences in the poem show the direction and nature of the war. Seeing refers to current events, and I feel it.
"quick march, great minds think alike, and is favored by the emperor" is ostensibly a boast of Korea's majestic voyage to the West, but it is actually an irony. Fan Kuai said in front of Lv Hou, "I would like to have 100,000 troops running amok among the Huns." Lu Bu rebuked him to his face for cheating the monarch.
(See Historical Records? "Biography of Ji Bu") Therefore, the origin of this "rampage" refers to relying on courage and underestimating the enemy. Tang Ruxun said, "It is said that the smoke and dust is in the northeast, but it was not committed in our mainland. It was destroyed by the Han Dynasty.
Gai Ming is heavy and rampant, and the son of heaven is thick and polite. Can he be free from worries? "("Tang Poetry Interpretation "Volume 16) This understanding is correct. Then he described the process of marching: "They marched in the sound of gongs and drums, passed through the Yushu Pass and surrounded the stone tablet with a row of flying flags. "
We can know the general's arrogant attitude before the war through the scene of beating the sky with a golden drum and swaggering forward, which also played a role in setting off the following. At the beginning of the war, the word "flying" warned the military crisis: "The hunting fire of the Chief Tatar flashed on the Wolf Mountain", just like "watching the Ming king hunt at night, riding the fire clearly, beating drums and wailing, shocking people!" (Zhang Xiaoxiang's Song of Six Kingdoms) Unexpectedly, the "remnant thief" is so powerful.
From resigning to the countryside, to Guan Yu, Jieshi, and even Hanhai and Langshan, eight poems summarize the course of the expedition, gradually advancing and the atmosphere gradually tense. The second paragraph is about losing in a key battle.
Putting pen to paper is "the mountains and rivers outside are cold", which shows an open and steep area and brings out a cold atmosphere. "Hu Qi" came quickly and fiercely, rolling in like a storm.
The Han army struggled to meet the enemy and was killed in the dark. However, at this moment, the generals are far away from their positions for fun: "There are still beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp!" " Such a harsh contrast of facts has effectively exposed the contradiction between the generals and soldiers in the Han army and hinted at the reasons for the failure.
So what is written behind is the tired soldiers, the difficult encirclement, the lonely city sunset, the decaying grassland and the gloomy scenery, which have distinct frontier characteristics and set off the desolation of the defeated soldiers. When you are lucky, you despise your enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe.
In view of the above, Han Jiang's heroic spirit of "rampaging" has vanished, and his guilt is certain. The description of soldiers' sufferings in the third paragraph is a deeper condemnation of Han Jiang.
It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the soldiers in danger of being besieged. The next trio of "still at the front line, dressed in rags", a husband-seeking sentence and a wife-missing sentence in the suspense of finding a husband are intertwined, and the pain of parting is gradually deepening.
The young women in the south of the city are sad day and night, but "the fury of the wind cuts my man?" It is futile to look back on the people in northern Hebei. After all, "in a place of death and blue emptiness, there is nothing ahead!" Leave Wan Li, and you'll never see it again. "Life is here, and Heaven is better!" What's more, what you can see during the day is just that "the clouds of slaughter three times a day rise over the camp"; At night, I only heard that "and the whole night is on the hour-the drums are shaking their chilly rumbling". Such a critical desperate situation really died in front of me, and people can't help but wonder who pushed them to this desperate situation. This is an indispensable part of deepening the theme. The last four sentences are the whole article, and the tragic feelings are incisively and vividly.
"Until the White Sword is seen again, blood is everywhere. When death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think of fame?" Finally, the soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy and fought bloody battles. Is this the spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness? How simple, kind and brave they are, but how sad they are! The poet's feelings contain sympathy and praise, while Gu Xun is a powerful mockery of the Han generals' rash expansion of territory and rash claim for credit. In the last two sentences, the poet said emotionally: "However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we are going to mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago!" Eight or nine hundred years ago, Li Guang, the flying general of Weizhenbei, took good care of his foot soldiers everywhere and made them "die of joy".
This is in stark contrast to those arrogant generals. It is of great significance for the poet to put forward General Li.
From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there have been thousands of years. There are countless generals who drove the soldiers to the chicken to fly and the dog to jump. There are more soldiers who worked hard to prepare their bodies and bury them in foreign countries than Qian Qian! However, there has only been one Li Guang for thousands of years, so why not teach people to remember him hard? Du Fu praised the poems of Gao Shi and Cen Can: "The meaning is just flying, and the articles are always mixed." ("Thirty Poems about Sending Your Envoy and Cen Chang") This poem ends with Li Guang, and its artistic conception is more vigorous and far-reaching.
The whole poem is magnificent and vigorous, but after some bleak management, it has become muddy and seamless. The atmosphere is solemn and stirring, and the thought is profound and implicit.
"The mountains and rivers in the border are cold, and soon barbarians are stepping on the wind and rain", "The desert is poor in autumn, and the sunset leaves a few watchers", and the poet deliberately hints and exaggerates this tragic scene, exposing the sins of the generals who are eager to achieve success with desolate horror. Especially in the fierce war, the poet described the complex and changeable inner activities of soldiers, which was tragic and touching and deepened the theme.
The whole poem is hidden and distinct everywhere.
5. What is the function of landscape poems in Ge Yanxing? Cao Pi, Gao Shi and Yu Xin all wrote Ge Yanxing, but after all, Gao Shi's poems are still famous. I guess you're asking about Gao Shi's poems, so list more. For your reference, Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the earliest and complete seven-character metrical poem. Affectionate. The outstanding feature of this poem is the ingenious combination of scenery description and lyric. At the beginning of the poem, an autumn picture is displayed: bleak autumn wind, scattered vegetation, white dew and frost, the last few words of migratory birds flying south to ........................................................................................................., rendering the loneliness of boudoir with cold moonlight, and expressing the sadness and anger of homesick women with the "river-limiting beam" of Altair and Vega, all of which have achieved good artistic effects. This poem is extremely tortuous in describing the inner activities of a homesick woman. For example, one is to write that her husband is "homesick for his hometown"; Then imagine why he "stayed for a long time and sent it to each other" and didn't return; Then turn to write about yourself, "I'm afraid I'll forget if I'm worried about you" and live in acacia all day; I was so depressed that I wanted to send me away with piano music, but "short songs can't be long", so I had to look at the full moon and sigh. After several times of repression, I wrote the endless tenderness of women. This poem, like a cypress beam, rhymes with every sentence, swaying in the rhythm of the horizon. Wang Fuzhi called this poem "pour love, pour, pour, ancient and modern." But this poem is actually the originator of rhyme and line, which has a great influence on the creation of seven-character poems in later generations. 2. Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing is his masterpiece. Although I used the old theme of Yuefu, I wrote it because of current events. This is the development of Yuefu poetry. Go further, and you will arrive at Du Fu's two-way road, car shop, three officials and three farewells. This piece of music has not been recorded before, so it is said that it was composed by Cao Pi. Cao Pi has two poems about female Qiu Si, which were initiated by him. Therefore, future generations should learn from in my heart forever's poems written in this tune. Ge Yanxing, written by Gao Shi, is about the life of frontier soldiers. He was the first person to write this theme with Ge Yanxing. This poem mainly reveals that the Lord is arrogant, underestimating the enemy and not being a soldier. Everyone thought it was a satire on Zhang Shousheng. In fact, this is not in line with historical facts. The object of this poem should be An Lushan, Zhang Shousheng sent Pinglu messengers to conquer and Khitan, the general of Zuo. This poem can be roughly divided into four paragraphs: the first paragraph contains eight sentences. The first four sentences say that the dust of war started in the northeast, the general was ordered to conquer, and the son of heaven gave him special glory. This has already been seen. Hunting fire by night, it is said that the enemy lines are heavily guarded. In the second paragraph, there are eight sentences about this battle. Among them, the first four sentences are written that the enemy was fierce at the beginning of the war and our army suffered heavy casualties. The last four sentences say that serenade is exhausted at night and can't be removed. "Cold mountains and rivers in the outside world" means that the battlefield is open and there is no danger, which is conducive to Hu riding around and the enemy is like a storm. The Warrior is written by contrast. On the one hand, he is still addicted to pleasure. This is the most enlightening description in this poem. As a foil to the "war-torn", the scene of Xiao Sa's desert decaying and the sunset falling lonely wrote that the fighting continued until the evening. "Serving a good cause and despising life and enemies" points out the reasons why the wounded soldiers are besieged, which is the theme of this poem. In the third paragraph, I wrote eight sentences to recruit people, miss women, look at each other, and reunite forever. Although this poem is very old, it uses an even number of sentences. This paragraph rhymes with eight sentences, which is suitable for expressing the anxiety of both sides. Murder like a cloud, Diao Dou cold, are trying to render the sad atmosphere. Of the last four sentences, two are written that soldiers have made up their minds to die for their country when there is no hope of survival. The word "Gu Xun" is still a satire on the generals. The poet's two words of emotion deeply sympathized with the tragic fate of the soldiers and gave poems to them.
6. About the writing background, detailed comments and feelings of Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing, this is the earliest complete seven-character poem.
It tells a woman's longing for her husband. The pen is euphemistic, the language is beautiful and the feelings are lingering.
The outstanding feature of this poem is the ingenious combination of landscape writing and lyric. At the beginning of the poem, an autumn picture is displayed: the autumn wind is bleak, the vegetation is scattered, the dew is frosty, and migratory birds fly south.
This depressing scenery brings out a woman's feeling of thinking and reflects her inner loneliness; Finally, Leng Yue was used to render the lonely boudoir, and Altair and Vega's "river-limiting beams" were used to express the grief and indignation of homesick women, all of which achieved good artistic effects. Poetry is extremely tortuous when describing and thinking about women's inner activities.
For example, write her husband "homesick for hometown" first; Then imagine why he "stayed for a long time and sent it to each other" and didn't return; Then turn to write about yourself, "I'm afraid I'll forget if I'm worried about you" and live in acacia all day; I was so depressed that I wanted to borrow piano music to send me away, but "short music can't be long", so I had to look at the moon and sigh. This narrative was repeated several times.
7. The poetic content of Yan Ge's "Cao Xing Pi Ge Yan Xing"
The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cold.
The vegetation was shaken and exposed to frost.
The geese resigned and returned to the south of the country.
Miss the monarch, visit guests and think more.
I miss my hometown,
Why did you send it after staying for a long time?
A concubine was guarding her room alone,
I can't forget when I'm worried about you.
Gaoshiyan musical instrument store
In the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan, a guest returned from Zhang Gong, the top scholar in the ancient imperial examination, and wrote "Ge Yanxing" as a sign of comfort and preparedness, so it was harmonious.
The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.
Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.
They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.
Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.
The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.
Half of our soldiers at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them in the camp!
In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.
When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.
Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure.
Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.
The wind cut off our progress, and in the place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead!
Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.
Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?
However, when it comes to the hardships of fighting in the desert, we are named Li today, a great general who lived a long time ago and felt that their clothes were covered with tears.
Help the piano and sing the strings to send the Qing merchants.
The moon shines on my bed,
The stars are cold and flowing west, and the night is still young.
Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance.
How to restrict the river beam when you are alone?