There are different literary forms in different times, and their development is often closely related to politics, economy, social system and ideology. There are different literary achievements in different times, among which Tang and Song Ci has the highest achievement, the most preserved and the most widespread.
Poems in Tang and Song Dynasties, even Ci, Fu and Yuan Qu, are actually related to temperament and can be sung into music. It can be said that there is no poetry without temperament.
Poetry usually consists of four words, five words and seven words, with the same length and neat antithesis. Although it can be accompanied by music, there is no fixed score. Words have long sentences and short sentences, and several words are all determined by the word spectrum, which is a epigraph. Writing lyrics is like writing lyrics for a song.
Ancient poetry pays attention to meter, case refers to meaning, and law refers to temperament. The ancients wrote poems, striving to "change without forgetting the retro", adhering to the tradition of attaching importance to poetry and not forgetting the meaning. This is the style of ancient poetry, striving to be "noble". Ancient ci is a beautiful and appropriate poetic form, which is good at modification. It is not like the poem above, nor like the music below. Soft and meaningful, thoughtful, euphemistic and implicit, she is best at nuanced emotional portrayal. It is based on the view that poetry has been charming since ancient times.
The comments on ancient poems were originally improvised works for scholars to learn knowledge, and they were full of laughter and fun. Writing here, I feel that what I have done is inappropriate. But the charm of ancient poetry is really irresistible, even if you play a big knife in front of Guan Gong. By the way, follow the example of CCTV-5' s "Football World" program and carry out the special planning of TOP 10 to the end.
The following ten poems may not be the first classic, but they impressed me deeply. The choice of sad theme is mainly based on the comprehensive consideration of dialectical view of the problem. After all, behind those sincere words lies the poet's sincere expectations and lofty ideals.
A, "poor wuding river bone, still in a dream. 』
Lang Xi Chen Xing Tao Tang
Swear to sweep the Huns regardless of health,
Five thousand sable brocade in memory of Chen Hu.
Poor bones by the river,
I am still a dream girl.
Seven-character verse, just two sentences, is enough to impress the viewer. Waiting is already a torment, and the cruel reality that hits the nail on the head makes all hopes go up in smoke. On the one hand, it is the recruiting bone of the Wuding River, and on the other hand, it is looking forward to returning to people's eyes. Why are you embarrassed?
Second, "I look at the sky with a smile, and I want to stay in Kunlun Mountain. 』
Tan Sitong's Qing Prison Wall
Looking forward to James Zhang,
Treat Dugan.
I smiled at the sky from the horizontal knife,
Go and stay in two Kunlun mountains.
Sadness, pride and death. This poem was written by Tan Sitong, one of the six gentlemen in the Reform Movement of 1898, in prison after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898. Unlike Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong refused to flee after the failure of political reform and resolutely died. At the end of the poem, the generous and tragic heroism is pushed to the extreme. The author is fearless in the face of death, and puts forward that whether he chooses to stay or not, he is sincere, but life and death are separated by yin and yang. Tan sitong proved his determination to reform with his own death, so as to wake up the latecomers. Coincidentally, the sentence "I cross the knife and laugh at the sky" actually has another source. Miao Peilin, the general of Taiping Army in Qing Dynasty, wrote in Sitting Alone in Autumn Night: "Hand criticized the broken shaft and sat alone in the stars. There are six screens in autumn, and insects sing at night. Rhododendron cries blood, frost white, enchanting peep lamp. I laughed from the horizontal knife to the sky, and I won't miss the poor classics again in my life. " This poem was written 50 years earlier than Tan Sitong's Prison Wall. Although they are all seven-character poems, the level of contrast between hatchbacks is still very clear.
Three, "infinite painters in the world can't draw a picture with a piece of sadness. 』
Reading Jinling Evening News, Gaochan Hall
Once accompanied by floating clouds,
I still accompany the sunset with the autumn sound.
There are infinite painters in the world,
You can't draw it if you are sad.
Clouds and sunsets have their own shapes and can be drawn. But sadness is invisible. Even if there are countless masters of painting, it is difficult to draw its form. The last sentence is the essence of the whole poem, and the last three sentences are even more wonderful. The author's sadness is implicit and restrained, and his expression is unique.
Fourth, "even if you meet, you should not know that your face is covered with dust and your temples are like frost." 』
Jiang dreamed of Sue on the 20th night of the first month.
Ten years of life and death,
Never think, never forget.
A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about.
Even if we don't know each other when we meet,
Face covered with dust, temples like frost.
When night came, my dream suddenly came home.
Xiao Xuan window, get dressed.
Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears
It is expected that the annual sad place,
Moonlight night, short matsuoka.
To commemorate the work of his dead wife, this word describes the dream meeting between the author and his dead wife for ten years. In a word: "even if we meet, we should not know, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost." Bring people's thoughts into the sad atmosphere of poetry, and then "the night dream suddenly returns." Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. "There is an overwhelming sense of sadness, like a brief moment when time goes back. Because of its beauty, people are more and more in tears. You can imagine how happy it is to see the lover you miss so much. Unfortunately, the author didn't know it was a dream at that time. What does he smell when he wakes up? Lonely and lonely, let alone Anato? When the poet woke up, he couldn't sleep any more, and it was not clear whether he wrote this word with tears that night.
Five, "and a moment should last forever, come and go, I just know. 』
Golden Li Shang yin Tang
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings.
Every flower has a youthful interval.
Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies,
The king's longing for spring is crying in the cuckoo.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears in the green sea of the moon,
The blue fields breathe their emeralds to the sun.
A moment that should last forever,
Before I knew it, it had come and gone.
"Zhou Li Musical Instruments" contains: "Twenty-three strings of elegant instruments, twenty-five strings of eulogizing instruments, which are decorated with precious stones, are called precious instruments, and those who paint like brocade are called golden instruments." This poem is the representative work of Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. People who love poetry are happy and the most famous. However, this is the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations. From the title of the poem, to the dispute of "fifty strings", and then to the complex emotional images conveyed by four allusions, Li Shangyin presented an unsolved mystery to later generations intentionally or unintentionally. Political frustration, the unwillingness and loss of love in life make the author often wrapped in sentimental and depressed emotions. In order to dispel his worries, Li Shangyin, who was originally devoted to Buddhism, forged a deeper fate with Buddhism. The so-called "three years later, I lost my family." Only when you live a quiet life and feel unhappy will you be willing to serve the Buddha. Fang is willing to ring the bell to sweep the floor and walk "("Preface to Fan Nanyi's Collection "). This emotional tone deeply influenced his aesthetic taste, made his poetry content more oriented to inner experience, and gradually formed a sad and self-adaptive poetic style.
Six, "where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon. 』
Yu Lin Liu Ling Song Yong
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped.
All the accounts are not in the mood. I miss places and Lanzhou to urge me to send them.
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it.
Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo.
Since ancient times, it has been awkward and cold to leave.
Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon.
This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only.
Customs are strange, who can you tell?
Life is impermanent and ill-fated. Liu Sanbian, who had a rough life, was born poor and barely had enough to eat a meal. A hundred years later, he was worshipped and his works were widely praised by later generations. When I saw this word, I had a very cordial feeling. I remembered the absurdities of my youth, but the place where I woke up didn't necessarily depend on willows, and there was no shadow of the waning moon in the breeze. Cold cicada, pavilion, blue boat, twilight, wine, Yang Liuan, breeze and waning moon, the author uses a series of superimposed images to render the feeling of parting. Jiang Yan, a famous writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote in Biefu: "Those who are fascinated are leaving." Injury, parting, parting, it is the theme of this word. Chilling symbolizes sadness, the pavilion is a place of parting, the boat is more melancholy, and the dusk renders sadness. Wine is an essential thing in the parting field, and the willow is ten miles long, and the breeze gradually makes people weak, and the waning moon is sentimental.
Seven, "Elegy can be crying, or it can be Angelica from afar. 』
Elegy: Ancient Poems of Yuefu in Han Dynasty
Sad songs can cry,
It can be angelica from a distance.
Miss my hometown,
Gloomy.
Nobody wants to go home,
No boat crossed the river.
I can't say what I think,
The wheel turns in the intestine.
Elegy, also known as Elegy, is contained in Za Ge Fu. This is a poem describing the homesickness of a wanderer. The poet wrote the deep sorrow of the wanderer in simple and natural sentences. Instead of crying, sigh and go home with a distant vision. Especially the sentence "depressed", a heartbroken homesickness, is deeply buried in it.
Eight, "Why don't you sing and go when you don't listen to the leaves in the forest?" Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. 』
"Dingfengbo" Su
On March 7th, it was raining on Hu Sha Road. The rain gear went first, and the peers were all in a mess. I couldn't feel it alone. It has cleared up, so just pretend to be like this.
Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the forest,
Why not sing and walk slowly?
Bamboo poles and sandals are lighter than horses.
Who's scared?
A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life.
The cold spring breeze woke me up,
Slightly cold,
The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant.
Looking back on this desolate place,
Go home,
No rain or shine.
This is a work that expresses one's feelings instantly. The author uses rainy scenes in daily life to express his calm mind and profound thinking about life. This word was written in the third year after the author was demoted to Huangzhou. Su Shi was impeached for opposing the new law, and was arrested and sent to Yushitai prison in Huzhou. After being detained for more than four months, he was appointed as the assistant ambassador of Huangzhou Yong ying. Su Shi's magnanimous career suddenly encountered wind and rain, and he almost wanted to throw himself into the river. However, on his way to being relegated, the magnificent mountains and rivers washed his dirty mind, and the life in the countryside made him find a spiritual home. "Dongpo Zhi Lin" mentioned: "Three miles southeast of Huangzhou is a sand lake, also known as the screw shop. I went to Tian Xiang during the purchase of farmland. " It rained on the way, so I wrote such a poem, which is simple and meaningful, and makes waves in ordinary places. The author feels this way because he feels the prospect in front of him and the things in his heart. The lofty sentiments of "A misty rain for life" echo the ethereal realm of "a leaf in a boat, a bamboo coat, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow", which makes people deeply moved and memorable.
Nine, "teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow, fall in love with the floor, fall in love with the floor, and say that sorrow is endowed with new words. 』
Song of ugly slave Xin Qiji
Teenagers don't know the taste of sadness,
Fall in love with the floor,
Fall in love with the floor,
Worried about adding new words.
Now I know what it's like to be sad,
If you want to talk,
If you want to talk,
But it is a cool autumn.
Although this word is full of sorrow, it is full of sorrow, light writing, heavy language and light speaking, graceful and restrained with passion, implicit with deep meaning, simple with deep meaning. The first and second chapters describe two different stages of life, from ignorance of the world to tempering life. "I want to say I want to rest" is already full of worries. If I say it, I'm not worried.
Ten, "fortunately, don't forget each other. 』
Wen Chun, I want to express my sincere thanks to you. Fortunately, we won't forget each other.
This is the most special song. No title, no author, not even poetry. Han bamboo slips buried deep in quicksand in the western regions. This concise letter more than 30 thousand years ago is a love letter that has been dusty for thousands of years. The recruiter who defended Juyanfeng turned the thoughts from Wan Li into this sentence and gave it to those who were waiting in the distance, hoping that the feelings would never be forgotten. Especially those four vague words-fortunately, they don't forget each other, which makes people cry. Fortunately, don't forget each other! The distant feelings of the ancients, in their hearts, are like crossing time and space. As time goes by, the Millennium bonfire has already turned to dust. I wonder if the recruit who leans on the cold and listens to the flute under the moon will come back? In an instant, there is no time and space barrier, showing eternal beauty. There seems to be a clear * * * sound from the bottom of my heart, clanking and long sound. ...
Buddha said: a world in a flower and a heaven in a grass. I don't believe in Buddhism and I don't know any songs, but I deeply feel the story behind each poem. Poetry and songs can be the source of inspiration and the carrier of emotional sustenance. I want to express my heart with this article.