First, the teaching objectives
1, understand the character types and main character characteristics.
2. Understand the propositional ways and problem-solving strategies of the characters.
3. Problem solving and proposition training about characters.
Second, the teaching process
1) knowledge induction
1, type of character
There are two kinds of personalities. The first category is the image of the lyric hero himself. For example, in Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", the lyric hero is a person who takes wealth as light, is proud of princes and strongly pursues individual freedom. Qu Yuan's Li Sao shows a lyric hero who is persistent in pursuit and loves the motherland.
Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest in Su Shi's Ding Fengbo, why not sing slowly? Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the bleak land, returning home, rain or shine. The poet in this poem is an image of an official leaning on a bamboo pole, wearing sandals, braving the wind and rain, not afraid of difficulties, calm, broad-minded and optimistic.
Tao Yuanming's Returning to the Garden (I) begins with regret and ends with joy, lamenting the anguish and pain of "falling into the dust net by mistake" and "staying in the cage for a long time", and rejoicing in the ease and joy of finally "returning to the garden" and "returning to nature", which truly expresses the poet's aversion to dirty officialdom and infinite yearning for seclusion in the mountains.
The second category is the characters depicted in the works, that is, the object characters. Poets express their feelings about life, their views on society and their feelings or ideals about life with the help of characters or metaphorical characters portrayed in their works. Such as Su Shi's "Niannujiao? The image of Zhou Yu portrayed by the poet appeared in "Red Cliff Nostalgia". Of course, there is also the image of the poet himself who "loves Ying Xiao Wo". These two types of characters are not the same image, but two images.
These two personalities may sometimes be the same. The character depicted in the poem is the poet himself, who is the sustainer of the poet's feelings, such as "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths." A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " (Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue) In this poem, the image of Dai Li Weng fishing alone in the cold river is the poet's self-image, which reflects the indomitable and lonely spirit of the author after the failure of political reform.
2. Types of common characters
1) Don't admire the image of powerful people, be bold and free, and be arrogant and uninhibited. For example, Li Bai's "How can I bow and scrape to those dignitaries whose sincere faces will never be seen?" It shows his indifference to wealth and contempt for powerful people, and also reflects his arrogant and unrestrained personality.
2) the image of worrying about the country and the people. For example, Du Fu said, "There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, and all the poor people in the world are happy. Alas, suddenly seeing this house in front of me, it is enough for me to freeze to death alone. " Poets don't just stay in personal sorrow, but can push themselves and others, showing the character of worrying about the country and the people.
3) The image of a hermit who cares about mountains and rivers and lives in seclusion in the countryside. For example, Tao Yuanming's "Looking at Nanshan leisurely under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums" shows a leisurely seclusion, showing the poet's dislike of officialdom and his love for the countryside; For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night" expresses his love for landscape scenery by describing the scene of new rain in the empty mountains in late autumn.
4) the image of talent and ambition. For example, Chen Ziang didn't see the holy king before writing on the Youzhou rostrum, and he didn't see the master later. When he thought of the world, he didn't feel sad and shed tears. It created the image of an intellectual with an empty mind serving the country and the people, but he could not show it.
5) Determined to serve the country, generous and cynical image. Many of Lu You's and Xin Qiji's poems reflect their feelings of loyalty to the monarch and serving the country without being reused, which are vivid. Such as Xiuzi, The Wind and Cloud of November 4th and Broken Array.
6) The image of a friend seeing him off and missing his hometown. Such as Li Bai's A Gift for Wang Lun and Wang Wei's A Holiday in the Mountain Thinking of My Shandong Brothers.
7) Dedicated to the frontier fortress and opposed the image of conquering. For example, William Wang's "Liangzhou Ci" and Wang Changling's "Chusai" show their loyalty to the country and dedication to the frontier fortress.
8) observe the sufferings of the people and oppose the image of war. For example, Du Fu's "Car Shop" and Cao Cao's "Walking in the Vast" all express their criticism of the war through the misfortune brought by the war.
9) The image of love and hate. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling" describes the infinite sadness when leaving the woman he loves and the continuous affection of acacia after leaving, shaping an artistic image of love and hate.
10) The image of loneliness, loneliness (melancholy) and bitterness. For example, Wang Changling's in my heart forever.
1 1) positive and optimistic, smiling at the image of life. Such as Su Shi's Ding Fengbo.
12) Love the people and cherish talents. Such as Gong Zizhen's "Jihai Miscellaneous Work"
3. How to grasp the characteristics of the characters?
On the basis of understanding the theme of poetry, we grasp the key words describing the portrait, language, manner, action, psychology, environment (natural environment, social environment) and plot, and sometimes contact the poet's relevant background to make a reasonable imagination.
For example, Hu Lingneng's "Children Fishing" said: "A little boy with thick hair sat by the raspberry moss and learned to play the violin. Passers-by use the topic to play, waving far away, not afraid of fish. " This poem depicts the image of a lovely Shan Ye child learning to fish. One or two sentences in the poem focus on writing a Shan Ye child with unkempt hair sitting there and learning to fish at will; Focus on God in three or four sentences, and write that children are afraid to scare away fish and dare not answer pedestrians who ask for directions, which is true and credible. Expressed the author's love for children.
Another example is "Gao Guan Gu Kou Zhao Zheng E"
Say, I came to visit you today, but now I see only empty space without your shadow.
At this time, the rain has just stopped, the flowers in the mountain stream are more beautiful, and the trees by the pool are standing upright and warm in the warm shade.
The path in front of the door has long been deserted, and only a group of deer are playing happily.
Only the clothes rest on the pillow, waiting for your return in the dense fog.
Combined with the image, what kind of character is Zheng E?
Reference answer: From the images of "Taniguchi", "Huaxi", "Dusk Rain", "Pond Tree", "Deer Group" and "Shan Lan", we can see that Ye Zheng's residence is beautiful, elegant and warm, full of vitality, from the sparse crowd and dense fog.
2) Presentation of real questions
1. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Hidden visitors
[Song] Guo
All the way along the cliff, stepping on the pale wall, half dock ① cold clouds holding spring stones.
Shan Weng (2) wine cooked don't go out, residual flowers everywhere.
[Note] ① Dock: a mountainous depression. ② Shan Weng: This refers to a hermit.
(2) Combine the third and fourth sentences to appreciate the image of "hermit".
A: By describing the hermit's secluded life of drinking homemade wine alone, staying at home, falling flowers all over the floor outside the door, no one visiting and sweeping the wine, he showed his feelings of avoiding the world and being refined and natural. (That's right)
2. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Extension part
Song? careful
In Mailongli, the wind is green and the grass roots are fat and noisy.
Envy him for nothing, two butterflies, drunk Dongfeng weeds.
Extension part
Qing? Zhao Yi
The cold wind urged heavy clothes to play in the nearby suburbs of Ye Yuan.
Autumn wind likes other people's business best. First, it not only turns maple leaves red, but also turns people's hair white.
(1) From the character's point of view, talk about what kind of wild traveler image the two poems present respectively.
A: The first poem presents us with the image of a hermit, who is intoxicated by the beautiful scenery in spring and strolls leisurely in the country. The second poem presents us with an image of an old man who is sad in the autumn cold and can only walk in the suburbs with crutches.
(2) The three or four sentences in these two poems focus on the same expression, expressing the author's inner feelings. Please give a brief evaluation.
A: The third and fourth sentences of the two poems all use personification: Zhou's poems endow butterflies with human feelings, and his enthusiasm intoxicates them. The word "drunk" vividly shows the butterfly's infatuation with flowers and its lingering intoxication, and also tells the whole story when the author witnessed this scene; Zhao Shi personified "autumn wind" and thought it was a "nosy" guy. He dyed the maple leaves red and his head white, and the autumn wind blew away years and years, causing people's worries. The author vividly expressed his sense of old age by personification.
3. (National Volume 1, 2009) Read the following Song poems and then answer this question.
Shu Fanyun of Cishi Lake ① Jiang Kui ②
At the west corner of the bridge, the duckweed is green and marked on the bank pavilion.
Don't open the door if you live in Shihu, where there are many lotus flowers.
【 Note 】 ① Shihu: Fan Chengda (1126-193), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, left his post in his later years and lived in Shihu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). ② Jiang Kui (1155—1221? ): Yao Zhang, born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi). Wandering in the Jianghu, never being an official. In the summer of the 14th year of Xichun (1 187), I visited Fan Chengda, and this poem was written at this time.
(2) Some people say that the last two sentences of the poem praise Fan Chengda's character, and the "person" in the third sentence refers to the person who goes with the flow. What do you think of this? Please briefly explain.
Answer: (2) Viewpoint 1: This statement makes sense. This poem praises the beautiful scenery of Shihu, and also includes the praise for the owner of Shihu. "People" refers to snobs. These people stopped seeing Fan after he retired, but Fan didn't care. On the contrary, it is in line with the author's attitude towards life as an official all his life.
Viewpoint 2: This statement is not accurate. This poem describes the beautiful scenery of Shihu, and shows the author's appreciation of Shihu's owner's seclusion and pastoral life. "Man" is just a general term, a quiet element that no one can disturb, not a world after writing a book.
3) Proposition inquiry and problem-solving countermeasures
1, propositional mode
1) What kind of image has poetry created? 2) What are the characteristics of image?
2. Answer strategy
Analysis steps: 1) What image (a noun); 2) Analyze the basic features of the image (several modifiers); 3) Analyze the meaning of images with the theme of poetry.
Answer steps: 1) Describe the characters in the poem; 2) Summarize the basic features of the image and give an accurate location. 3) The inductive image entrusts the author's emotion, ideal, pursuit, personality and so on.
For example:
1. Read Li Bai's poem "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain" and try to analyze the poet image created in the poem.
Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain
Lipper
The birds flew without a trace, leaving the lonely clouds free and unfettered. You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes.
Scoring standard:
Point out the image characteristics of the poet at the beginning or end of a paragraph, that is, "blocking the hat" in one sentence. Then analyze the sentences in the whole poem, and pay attention to writing around the center of "poet image", lacking the first aspect, and deduct points; There is no analysis, but part of the content is written in images and poems, and points are deducted; Can't write around the center, deduct points.
Reference answer:
The whole poem creates an image of a poet who is uncontested, free, leisurely and somewhat detached. Birds fly away, clouds are lonely, mountains are quiet and empty, which shows the poet's freedom and leisure; Being sympathetic to each other, he enjoys it, but he is lonely but leisure, which shows the poet's thoughts and feelings of seeking happiness from nature and forgetting gains and losses.
2. Analysis of the characters in the post-Song Ci.
Complain about one's feelings
Lu you
When Wanli sought to seal Hou, the horse was in Liangzhou. Now the military life of defending the frontier fortress can only appear in dreams, but I don't know where I am in dreams. Dust blackened the old mink.
The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. Who could have predicted in this life that the original intention was to leave the enemy in Tianshan Mountain, but now he is destined to die of old age in Cangzhou!
Note: Cangzhou, living by the water, is the place where ancient hermits lived. In his later years, Lu You lived in Sanshan near Jinghu Lake in Shaoxing.
The first two sentences of this word recall the fighting life in the front line of the Anti-Japanese War: "Where is the dream of Guanhe" means that when you wake up, Guanhe fortress doesn't know where it is, which means you are out of the front line; "dusty old mink?" It refers to the mink coat I wore in the army. The next part expresses the lament that the enemy is still alive and his temple is failing first. "Tianshan Mountain" represents the front line against gold. "The heart is in Tianshan Mountain, and the old Cangzhou" expresses the resentment that the ambition is unpaid and there is no way to serve the country.
A: This poem describes an idle anti-gold hero. The characters in the poem once galloped on the battlefield, but now they are abandoned, but they still have the ambition to serve the country and are attached to the golden front. Through the shaping of this image, poetry expresses the feelings of unfulfilled ambition and nowhere to serve the country.
4) actual combat drills
1.20 1 1 Shandong Volume
Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Yongshanquan
Chu Guangxi
There is running water in the mountains.
The sky plays underground, and the rain is heard in the air.
Turn into a deep stream and divide into small pools.
No one has seen it. You'll know when you get old.
(1) Combining with the whole poem, this paper briefly analyzes that "the sky plays on the ground and the air listens to the sound of rain." The beauty of.
(2) What is the nature of the "mountain spring" in this poem? What kind of feelings did the poet show with Yongshan Spring?
Reference answer
These two sentences (1) describe the modality of mountain spring from the perspective of sound and color. When the mountain spring flows gently, it is crystal clear, and the water surface reflects the sky and clouds; When flying down in the air, water and stones are excited and make a sound of wind and rain. Although the mountain spring is nameless, it has the miraculous effect of reflecting the sky.
The three-four-two sentences and the one-two-two-two sentences form the effect of suppressing first and then promoting (suppressing first if you want to promote). One or two write ordinary nameless mountain springs, which are suppressed; Three or four sentences highlight the wonders in the flowing mountains and rivers to promote them. This description also paved the way for the latter two sentences praising the mountain spring.
(2) This poem is dedicated to chanting things-the work uses anthropomorphic techniques to describe the "unknown" and "unknowable" of mountain springs; Writing about the "tranquility" of the mountain spring and saying that the mountain spring is "leisurely and self-clearing" all imply that the mountain spring is the poet himself, and the characteristics of the mountain spring are the personality that the poet wants to pursue. Its lofty realm of advocating calm nature and elegance is impressive and memorable. In a word, Yongshan Spring is highly harmonious and unified with Ming's mind, and the poet shows a weak, lofty and natural feeling by Yongshan Spring.
2.20 1 1 Sichuan Volume
Read the following Song poems and then answer this question.
I am wise with the classics, so I visited it.
the Chen Dynasty
In February this year, the frost first melted, and I slept in the east of Tiaoxi Green.
In Hakka poems, the news of apricot blossoms is in the rain.
The Zen master in Xi 'an is still ill, while the Confucianism in Beizha is only poor first.
Suddenly, I remembered that I was looking for my second son in a canoe. I tried the spring breeze with a black silk towel and a crane.
(selected from Chen Jian)
Note book, surnamed Ye, first place; Wisdom old, that is, Dayuan Hong Zhi monk. In the poem, "Zen Bo" refers to Hong Zhi Dayuan and "Confucianism" refers to Ye Tianjing.
(1) Please briefly describe the image characteristics of the poet in the poem.
Please enjoy the second couplet of this poem. (5 points)
additional remarks
(1): leaves and hairs. Zhi Lao: Dayuan Hong Zhi, a monk.
(2) Tiaoxi: the name of the river, which originated in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, flows through Yuhang, Hangzhou, Huzhou and other places and enters Taihu Lake.
⑶ Xi 'an: the residence of the wise old man. Wuzhen, 90 miles southeast of Huzhou. Zen Bo: Describe the wise old man who is good at Zen.
(4) Beizha: Tian Zi's residence. It is also located in Wuzhen, 90 miles southeast of Huzhou. Confucian scholars: Describe that Jing Tian is good at Confucianism. Poverty: content with poverty, Analects of Confucius? Wei Linggong: "The gentleman is poor and the villain is poor."
5. Black silk scarf crane: worn by celebrities since the Six Dynasties. The metaphor here is that poets are elegant people. A scarf made of ribbons. Crane, coat made of bird hair.
Reference answer
(1) Poet image: elegant taste, cherish friendship, romantic and elegant. (3 points)
(2) Examples of answers:
Poets live in different places, entertain themselves with poems and watch apricot blossoms. This kind of life is full of bitterness, joy, sadness and joy, and it is not directly expressed in poetry, leaving readers room for imagination. "Hakka" to "apricot blossom", "poetry volume" to "rain sound" are integrated with the scenery, which shows the poet's simple and leisurely feelings in a natural and fresh style. (5 points)
5) Class summary
6) After-class exercises:
1. Read the following poem and answer the questions:
Blushing lips
Li Qingzhao
Swing on the swing, too lazy to rub delicate hands. Beside her, the thin Germany hung with crystal dew, and the sweat on her chest permeated with the thin silk robe.
Seeing someone coming, socks and golden retriever slipped away. She ran away shyly and leaned against the door, smelling the fragrance of plum flowers.
Q: What kind of image does this word create?
Answer: Created a lively and charming, innocent and pure, emotional and somewhat reserved girl image. (analysis: the first sentence is an action description, describing a lively and happy girl; The second sentence is about the girl's demeanor, which shows the charming charm of the characters; The third sentence is about a girl's shyness and avoidance; The fourth sentence shows subtle and complicated psychology (shyness, curiosity, love, etc. ) In the contradiction between "going" and "returning", under the cover of "Wen Qingmei", I want to see but I am afraid to see. )
2. Read the following poem and answer the questions:
Jade rank resentment
Xie Tiao
Your Highness, at dusk, fireflies fly to rest.
Sewing clothes at night, I don't know why you are so extreme.
Q: What kind of image has this poem created? Combined with the whole poem for a brief analysis.
A: This poem depicts the image of a thoughtful woman. Fireflies fly back to rest, it is already late at night. The hero kills time by sewing clothes to express his thoughts for his lover. The poet expressed his inner pain through the image of a woman.
3. Read the following poem and answer the questions:
Youzhou tower
Chen Ziang
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness.
[Note] Youzhoutai: Jibei Building and Yantai were built by Yan Zhaowang in the Warring States Period, formerly known as Huang Jintai, which is a place where Yan Zhaowang recruits talents.
A: This poem captures the characters' language: "thinking" and "leisurely" in a vast picture of the North Garden, and captures the lyrical hero's demeanor: "independence" and "weeping", shaping an image of a feudal scholar-bureaucrat who is worried about the country and the people, ambitious and lonely, and expressing the thoughts that feudal rulers cannot reuse.
Third, teaching reflection.