Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
Bo Wang
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
Farewell to Du DuDu is a famous farewell work. The theme of poetry is to persuade friends not to be sad for parting, so as to better express the author's sincere friendship and broad-minded mind.
The first couplet "merges the five rivers into one river through the wall of Sanqin and a layer of fog". "Que" means the watchtower in front of the palace. "City Que" refers to the place where emperors live. "Sanqin" refers to the present Shaanxi area, which was the former site of Qin State in ancient times. After the death of Qin, Xiang Yu was divided into three kingdoms: Yong, Sai and Zhai, so it was called Sanqin. The first sentence points out the place of farewell, that is, Chang' an under the escort of Sanqin. The second sentence shows that my friend Du Shaofu is about to take office in Zhou Shuwu. "Tianjin" Ferry "Wujin" refers to the five major ferries on the Minjiang River in the Shu area in the Tang Dynasty, which means "Zhou Shu". "Wind smoke" refers to dusty smoke, which is used here to describe the distance between Zhou Shu and Chang 'an. This association means that the land of Sanqin guards the majestic Chang 'an, and Wujin is blurred along the way. In this couplet, the poet's feelings of farewell to his friends' long journey are naturally revealed.
Zhuan Xu: "We said goodbye to each other sadly, and we two officials went the opposite way.". According to the requirements of antithesis in rhyme, this couplet should be antithetical. However, because the first couplet used antithesis, the poet used loose sentences here, which was free and lively. "We say goodbye to each other sadly" is the feeling of leaving you. The whole meaning is that I am also an official who travels abroad like you, and I am very sad to leave. In fact, this is the poet telling his friends that the parting between them is particularly sad, because they are all "business travelers", and wandering in a foreign land needs the comfort of friends, but they can't do without it. In this way, the sadness of parting is even heavier.
Necklace "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor". It means that good friends have deep feelings, will miss each other at the ends of the earth, and will be like neighbors at the ends of the earth. It can be said that this is the poet's view of parting from another angle. After the first couplet, the artistic conception of poetry has changed. The emotional tone of the previous couplet is sad and sad, and this couplet has a strange peak. A sudden change. Of course, this is a comfort to friends. The poet told his friends that their friendship will never be weakened by distance, and even at the ends of the earth, their hearts are together. Here, the poet swept away the sadness of parting, which not only comforted his friends, but also showed the poet's broad mind and unspeakable sincere feelings.
Tail couplet "why wander at the fork in the road, children * * * stained with towels". "inaction" means "don't". A fork in the road is a fork in the road. When the ancients bid farewell, they often parted at the fork in the road. This couplet is the poet's words to comfort his friend Du Shaofu when he broke up with him. It means, don't wet the towel with tears like an affectionate child at the parting intersection. Of course, this is to hope that friends will embark on the journey happily with friendship and blessings. This is the expression of the poet's broad mind, and it is also the expression of the poet's sincere feelings for his friends. Here is comfort and encouragement.
In art, the main features of this poem are as follows:
First, the link between the past and the future, the structure is rigorous.
This is the traditional layout technology of poetry and prose. "Qi" is the beginning, also called a puzzle. In the poem, the first couplet "across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, the five rivers are merged into one river" is "Qi", which points out the farewell and its position. After "Qi", "Cheng" is expressed by inheriting the content of "Qi". The couplet "We bid farewell to each other sadly, and the two of us went in opposite directions" accepted the farewell ceremony, which showed the sadness when the farewell ceremony took place. After "bearing", we should "turn", which means advancing to a higher level, "turning" to other meanings, or changing in emotion or meaning. The tie "However, although China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" has changed emotionally, without sadness, only comfort. Finally, the "combination", that is, the ending, makes the structure rigorous and complete and becomes a whole. The couplet "Why linger at the fork in the road, children * * * touch towels" shows that parting is inevitable, but don't be sad, go with your friends' true feelings. In this way, the quadruple of eight sentences, step by step, not only shows the poet's sincere feelings, emotional ups and downs, but also makes the poetry structure rigorous, complete and orderly.
Second, the antithesis is neat and the realm is open.
Duality is the basic requirement of metrical poetry. In metrical poems, the first and last antitheses can be wrong, but parallel prose and necklaces must be opposed. Farewell to Du Shu is a five-character poem. The first couplet in the poem "separated by three Qin walls, separated by five rivers and one fog" entered the antithesis, which was very neat. Because this couplet is relative to the place name, it has a large performance span, which not only widens the spatial distance of the poem and forms an open aesthetic realm, but also presents an extremely magnificent scene in the poem, laying the foundation for the poet's emotional expression. Let's look at the third couplet, "However, when China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor". From the perspective of metrical poetry, this couplet should be a antithesis. Comparing these two sentences, the poet's imagination is extremely rich, which not only broadens the realm of poetry, but also better shows the poet's "ambition is everywhere, and Wan Li is still close to its neighbors;" If love is not lost, it will be close in the distant days "(Cao Zhi's" Wang Biao for a White Horse ").