Plants in Chuci can be roughly divided into two categories: vanilla (wood) and evil grass (wood). Wang Yi's Songs of the South? There is such a sentence in the preface to Li Sao: "Li Sao's article is based on poetry and makes an analogy, so it is good to smell birds and grass to match loyalty and righteousness;" Bad birds stink, ... "There are thirty-four kinds of vanilla incense wood in Chu Ci.
Among them, there are 22 kinds of herbs, including Angelica dahurica, Eupatorium adenophorum, Hui, Ru, (Paeonia lactiflora), Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Chrysanthemum, Hu, Suo, Sun, Apple, Xianghe, Ping, Sanxiu, Yam, Ba, Belamcanda and Twisted Branches. There are also some fragrant trees. Li Sao: "Making lotus flowers as clothes and picking hibiscus flowers as clothes" is a typical example of ancient people's medicine collection. There are many examples of this custom in The Book of Songs, which is a folk activity of farming. The picking of "vanilla" in Chuci is the externalization and symbol of literati's "focusing on nourishing energy", such as picking Ficus pumila and lotus (hibiscus).
It is more common to collect fragrant flowers and give them to each other in Songs of the South of China. For example, in Li Sao, it is said, "I visited this erotic palace and continued to admire it." "If you choose, you can keep your daughter", "If you choose, you can keep your daughter", "If you choose, you can keep your daughter" and "If you break your family, you can leave your legacy" by Priestess of Death.
Under the influence of the cultural system of Chu Ci, picking flowers and giving each other gifts is the expression of love and lovesickness between literati based on personality. There are some herbs and fragrant wood in Chu Ci, which symbolizes the noble personality of the poet.
For example, "Mulan is as early as a lotus, and the island is as late as a wild one", "Tie a knot with the root of a tree, and penetrate the Ficus pumila into the pit", and "How can you stop taking a horse to Gao Lan?" "Take Tathagata to hide your tears and touch Yingbo." "Stop as soon as it's warm, and it won't go away." Orchids, peppers, Zhi and Hui are all precious medicinal materials, so the poet walked and stopped at Pepper Mountain, and Ruhui hid her face with tears. Orchids were beautiful, and even after being replaced, she continued to pick them.
This symbolizes that the poet should cultivate himself with beautiful ideals and sentiments under any circumstances and show the poet's noble personality. There are many poems in Chu Ci that equate virtue with vanilla and fragrant wood, and virtue and vanilla are almost synonyms.
Take Li Sao as an example. "I don't know it's embarrassing, but I think it's trustworthy." "Fang and Ze lacquer are mixed, but they are still not lost."
"It is difficult to lose, and there is no bubble." The poet has repeatedly complained that he is fragrant and moist. Although he can't get the trust of the monarch, his virtue and deeds remain on himself.
Despite the ups and downs, the virtue of fragrance did not lose money, but it lasted forever. Another example is: "The purity of the past and the future is where the fragrance lies." "Mixing peppers and mushrooms is precious, but it's just a husband."
Metaphor is virtuous sage, fragrant grass, flowers overflowing. "The orchid is nine miles long and the tree sticks a hundred acres; I stayed in the country and found this car, which mixed Du Heng and local chronicles. "
The four plants mentioned in this paper are all vanilla fragrant wood, and the poet uses this kind of vanilla fragrant wood as a metaphor for moral education. The emergence of Chu Ci is directly related to witchcraft in Chu, and the image of "vanilla incense wood" is the refraction and transplantation of witchcraft.
Lotus, orchid, Hui, Ficus pumila and Gui constitute the image system of "vanilla fragrant wood" in Chu Ci. Witchcraft is prevalent in Chu, "Lu Chunqiu?" Luxury music hits the nail on the head: "Song decline is also a thousand points; The decline of qi is also, for; The decline of Chu is also a witch sound "; And "vanilla" is a sacrifice and prop for witches to sacrifice songs and dances.
"Nine songs? Taiyi, the Eastern Emperor: "Although the Yao mat is full of jade, I will let it go. "Yao Hui steamed ji, drink Gui jiao pulp.
... Lingyan Xi Jiaofu, Fang Feifei Xi Mantang ",there have been nine songs of" Vanilla Xiangmu "such as Hui, Lan, Gui and Jiao? The soul of ritual also said, "When you become a ritual, you will know how to play drums, preach Ba Xi and dance, and your daughter advocates tolerance."
Chunlan Qiuju, never ending. "Wang Yi notes a sentence in Chuanba:" It's said that the temple worships and dances with Ba, which makes it more useful for people. "
The purpose of sacrifice is to realize the communication between man and god. All ethnic groups have used aromatic plants as sacrifices. In his Primitive Culture, edward tylor mentioned that early humans used incense to offer sacrifices to gods: "It is very reasonable that these offerings rose to spiritual objects in the form of steam."
The reason of "vanilla" sacrifice also mainly comes from this; Most of the "vanilla incense wood" in Chu Ci smells very fragrant. Besides.
Taking flowers as decorations and props for witches also has the intention of pleasing the gods. There are a lot of vanilla incense wood used to decorate clothes and residences in Chu Ci, which is natural, simple and romantic.
There are many descriptions of rooms and costumes in Songs of the South, but strangely, these romantic works such as Li Sao and Nine Songs are mostly decorated with herbs and natural colors. "Nine songs? In the description of the Palace of the Goddess of Xiang Water, Mrs. Xiang listed many flowers and trees. Lotus leaves are woven into the roof, covered with Cao Zhi, surrounding Du Heng, with Sun Cao as the wall, purple shells as the beams, Mulan as the slap, Magnolia as the door, Ficus pumila as the tent, white jade town seats, lotus leaves full of peppers, white Cao Zhi and deep red pepper. These descriptions not only make people feel fragrant, but also bring people into the colorful world and pure and simple nature.
Shao Siming's residence is very similar to that of Mrs. Xiang. Shao Siming's yard also has Qiu Lan, with lush weeds, green leaves and white flowers, which are pleasing to the eye. All colors are born in nature and taken from nature. Planting the fragrant trees on the land one by one into the underwater dreamland constitutes a romantic realm.
Look at the clothing description. In Li Sao and Nine Songs, the costumes of people and gods are made of natural objects. Li Sao describes the protagonist's initial costume as "Hu Jiang is detached and withdrawn, and Qiu Lan thinks she is admired."
"Making lotus is thought to be clothes, and picking hibiscus is thought to be clothes." Let Li Jiang and Cao Zhi be on you, and Qiu Lan be on your waist.
Make coats with rhombic leaves and weave skirts with lotus flowers. In Li Jiang, the leaves of water chestnut are green, and the leaves and stems of bluegrass are purple.
2. With regard to the poem Li Sao in Li Sao, the sentence expressing Qu Yuan's concern for the country and the people and his love for the motherland is: I took a long breath to hide my tears and lamented the hardships of people's lives.
In Li Sao, one sentence that best reflects Qu Yuan's adherence to truth and ideal is that he did what he thought, and although he died nine times, he did not regret it.
In Li Sao, Qu Yuan's hatred of evil and incompatibility with ordinary people are as follows: I would rather die in exile than bear it!
In Li Sao, a sentence that shows Qu Yuan's integrity is: being naive, being honest, and being firm.
In Li Sao, the sentence that shows Qu Yuan's self-discipline and self-improvement is: People's livelihood is different, so it is normal for me to be good at practicing.
Qusao
3. Poems about plants 1, spring outing in Qiantang Lake.
Author Bai Juyi, Tang Dynasty,
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Vernacular translation:
Bypassing the north of Gushan Temple, strolling in the west of Jiagong Pavilion, the white clouds hang low at the beginning of the lake.
Several warm trees that the oriole came out early competed for sunshine, and the new swallows were busy building nests and holding mud.
Wild flowers will be dazzling when they are competing to open, and spring grass has just crossed the horseshoe before it grows tall.
The beautiful scenery in the east of the favorite lake is unforgettable. Rows of willow trees pass through a white sand embankment.
2. "Hope of Spring"
Author Du Fu, Tang Dynasty,
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Vernacular translation:
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.
Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.
The continuous war has continued until now, and there are few letters at home. A letter is worth tens of thousands of gold.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
3. Song of Chile
The author is anonymous in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Chilechuan at the foot of Yinshan Mountain. The sky is like the sky, and the cage covers four fields.
The sky is gray and wild. See cattle and sheep when the wind blows.
Vernacular translation:
At the foot of Yinshan Mountain is the vast plain of Chile. The sky in Chilechuan looks like a felt tent where herders live.
Its four sides are connected with the earth, the blue sky is endless, and the green Yuan Ye is endless. When the wind blows to the grass, flocks of cattle and sheep appear and disappear.
4. Chun Xue
Author Han Yu, Tang Dynasty,
The new year has come, but there are still no fragrant flowers. In February, I was surprised to find that the grass has sprouted new buds.
Snow is too late for spring, and it is intended to fly for the flowers on the courtyard trees.
Vernacular translation:
The new year has come, but there are no fragrant flowers. Until February, I was surprised to find that some grass sprouted.
Snow also thinks that spring is too late, so it deliberately turns into a flower and flies around among the trees in the yard.
5. Qingpingle Villagers' Residence
Author Xin Qiji, Song Dynasty
The thatched roof of the hut is low and small, and the stream is covered with green grass. Drunk Wu local drunk, gentle voice, white-haired old man who is it?
The eldest son is weeding in the bean field on the east side of the stream, and the second son is busy knitting chicken cages. My favorite is my youngest son, who is lying in the grass, peeling the lotus just picked.
Vernacular translation:
The eaves of the hut are low and small, and the stream is covered with green grass. Wu dialect, slightly drunk, sounds gentle and beautiful. Whose is that old man with white hair?
The eldest son hoes beans, and the second son is busy knitting chicken coops. My favorite is the rogue's youngest son, who is lying on the grass at the head of the stream, peeling off newly picked lotus flowers.
4. The poem about plants is 1. Jasper is dressed up as a tree with 10,000 green silk tapestries.
(He Zhangzhi's "Singing Willow") 2. When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches. (Wang Wei's Acacia) 3. Why should Qiangdi blame the willow? Spring breeze is not enough. (Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci) 4. Peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the duck prophet on the riverside.
(Su Shi's Night Scene of the Spring River in Hui Chong) 5. Spring scenery can't be caged in the garden, and an apricot comes out of the wall. (Ye Shaoweng's "Not Worth Visiting the Garden") 6. The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers are of different colors.
(Yang Wanli's Seeing Lin Zifang at Dawn in Jingci Temple) 7. Egrets fly in front of mount cisse, peach blossoms flow and mandarin fish are fat. (Zhang "Fishing Songs") 8. I want to wet apricot flowers and rain, but I don't want to blow my face.
(Zhinan "Jueju") 9. If the spring rain breaks the bridge, the boat will support Liu Yin. (Xu Fu's Youchun Lake) 10. If you know from a distance that this is not snow, there is a smell coming.
(Plum Blossom by Wang Anshi) 1 1. The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season. (Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass) 12. Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more.
(Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems) 13. The rain in Tianjie is crisp, but the grass color is far and near. Han Yu's Early Spring presented eighteen members of Zhang Shui Department' 14. Flowers are more and more attractive, but shallow grass can lose its horseshoe.
(Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang) 15. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. (Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum) 16. Learn to dye the light yellow day lily color, and several branches are fluttering in the wind.
(Yan's Lily) 17. This body is in the snow forest, and different peaches and plums are mixed with incense dust. (Wang Mian's White Eyebrows) 18. Steal a pear core and borrow a plum blossom soul.
(Cao Xueqin's Ode to Bai Hai Tang) 19. The trees in Xiyan Lake near my home are covered with faint ink marks. (Wang Mian's Mo Mei) 20. Sakura is like a beauty, and beauty is easy to rest.
(Deng Erya's "Flowers") Poems about Plants: The grass grows across the plain and comes and goes with the seasons. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey. I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Li Shangyin, a guest after leaving, is lost in my small garden without the rank of the inner room and the petals. The flower shadow is confused by the winding path; Overlooking the petal dance reflects the afterglow of the sunset.
My heart is too small to sweep away the fallen flowers; Looking forward to spring, but returning in a hurry. Flower lovers who love flowers will naturally blame spring for leaving too early; When spring comes to an end, flowers and flowers only shed tears.
Mowangmeimian, the first tree in my West Wild Goose Lake, has a faint ink mark. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
Lily blossoms are clear and neat, and Zhao He learns to dye the day lily pale yellow, and several branches are fluttering in the wind. It is difficult to feel sorry for yourself and join the WTO, which does not mean that this flower was planted in front of the imperial court.
Tang Yuanzhen's house with autumn chrysanthemum clusters is like a ceramic house, and the edges of the walls around it are more and more inclined. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless.
Operator Yongmei Song Lu Yui broke the bridge outside, lonely and empty. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain.
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual.
Yongmei Mao Zedong, an operator in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, sent spring home in the wind and rain. Although the icicles on the cliff are still hanging for miles. There is a sweet flower in it.
Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it. When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes.
The snow-covered forest in Wang Yuan, Bai Mei blends in with it, and different peaches and plums are mixed with fragrant dust. Suddenly, the fragrance of the night was scattered like a dry spring in Wan Li.
Momeiyuan, a tree in the Wang Mian of Xiyan Lake near my home, has a faint ink mark. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
This park is not worth visiting. Ye Songshao Weng should pity the dog's teeth and print moss, but Xiao Kou Chai Fei won't open for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.
Flowers are in modern Deng Erya. Yesterday's snow looks like flowers, and tomorrow's flowers will look like snow. Sakura is like a beauty, and beauty is easy to rest.
Begonia, snow piano, half-rolled incense curtain and half-fan, ground ice into earth jade as a basin. Steal a pear for three cents and borrow a plum blossom for a soul.
The fairy in the moon cave sewed a gown, and the eternal woman in my heart tried to cry in autumn. Who do you complain to in silence? Tired of leaning against the west wind, the night has fainted.
Acacia Wei When those red berries come in spring, they will appear on the branches of your southern country. I suggest you collect more as a symbol of our love! In the Southern Dynasties, there were many kinds of leaves grafted by Lilium houliangxiao, and the flowers were the same color.
Dew or droop, droop from the wind. Looking back at Hua Qing Palace Chang 'an, there are piles of embroidery, and thousands of doors are opening at the top of the mountain.
As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. Drinking Huaiyang in the early winter night makes me want to have sex, and the guest sleeves invade the frosted candle tray.
Who will lean on the railing next year? Who is Shen Xia Xiansi singing in harmony? The grass road is too bumpy to find. One night, I dreamed at the foot of the mountain. The water was like a ring, like the moon.
Sighing flowers naturally seeks fragrance. If you are late for school, you don't have to be disappointed and resentful. The wind is crimson, the green leaves are shaded and the branches are full of branches.
The mountain is far away, the stone path is inclined, and there are people in the depths of white clouds. Stop and sit in the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers.
Plums are counting in the corner, and cold ling opens it alone. Knowing from afar is not snow, only Dimfragrance comes.
Aileen said that the flowers on land and water vegetation are lovely. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, peonies have been loved all over the world.
I love the mud of the lotus but don't dye it. It is clear but not evil. The outside is straight, not creeping, very graceful, and you can see from a distance that it is not ridiculous. I call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers.
Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Lian Ai, who's left? Peony's love should attract all people! Bai Juyi's "Qin Zhongyin" 10 "Buy Flowers" The imperial capital is dying in spring, and it is noisy. * * * If you say peony, you will buy flowers with you.
The price is uncertain, and the number of flowers is rewarded directly. Burn a hundred red flowers and press five bundles of vegetarian food.
Hang a curtain on it and weave a fence next to it. Sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and the color will not change.
There is an Weng who comes to buy flowers occasionally. Bow your head and sigh alone. No one knows this sigh.
Bai Juyi's "Peony Square" is a good example, and its poem goes: Peony Square, Peony Square, Golden Flower Ruby Room. A thousand pieces of red Xia Yingming and a hundred crimson lights are bright.
According to the ground, the splendid satin blooms, and the wind doesn't knot the blue musk sac. Fairy trees are white and colorless, and the peach blossoms of the Queen Mother are small and not fragrant.
Dewdrops are purple, and the morning glow is red. There are shades of red and purple, and the back is always very low
Ying Ye is sentimental and ashamed, and lying in the flowers is hard to make up. Doubt covers your mouth, resentment and low charming smile, such as heartbroken.
Rich and expensive multimedia messages are brilliant and colorful, and they are unparalleled. Carnation's money is good, hibiscus peony is bitter ... = = = = = = = Xu Ning has a poem "Peony": Who doesn't love peony flowers, takes all the good things in the city.
English is the goddess of Luochuan, who tries her best to break the morning glow. = = = = = = = = = Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum Autumn Silk looks like a Taoist, and the edge of the fence is more and more inclined.
It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. Chrysanthemums are planted in Huang Chao, where the west wind is rustling all over the courtyard, but it is hard to come to Hua Die in cold weather.
If I were Di Qing next year, I would report to Taohua. Wang Chongdao sent fifty daffodils and Huang Tingjian's Ling Boxian dust socks and walked lightly on the water.
Who recruited this heartbroken soul, kindness.