The original work of "Red Cliff Fu"
In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Give wine (zhǔ) guests, recite moon poems, and sing (y ǔ o) and (ti ǔ o) chapters. Small (sh ǒ o) swallow, the moon rises in Dongshan, wandering among cattle. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. The vastness is like a virtual wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. Song Yue said, "Zhugui (zhào) blows the blue oar, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant (yú) and hope that beauty is on the side of heaven. " The piper leans on the song and makes peace (hè). Its voice is full of resentment, longing, crying and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. Dancing in the valley, crying in the lonely boat.
Su Zikai (Qi O) suddenly sat in danger and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. Miao Shanchuan (liáo) is gloomy and dusty. Isn't this Meng Zhizhi who is trapped? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east, all the way (zhú) and all the way (lú). Jīng (j Ι ng) has an empty flag, Qi (sh Ι) drinks near the river, and Heng (Shuoī Ι) poems are also heroes in the world. My son and I were fishing in Zhu Jiang. We are friends of fish, shrimp and elk (mí), and a boat with one leaf and one bottle belong to each other (zh). Sending Mayflies (fú) and Mayflies (yóu) to the ground is a drop in the ocean. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I couldn't understand it at the moment, but I heard about it in Hengtai. "
Perilla said, "The guest knows her husband (fú). What are water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If the person is full, he will never rise or fall (zh m: ng). Gai will look at it from his own point of view, then heaven and earth are not in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things are infinite to me, so why envy them! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible, they are the creator's endless treasure, and they are the place where my son and I eat. "
The guests smiled happily and cleaned their lights more carefully. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. I don't know if the east is white when I'm on a boat.
Translation of Fu on the Red Wall
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently, but the waves are quiet. Raise a glass to propose a toast to your partner, and recite the chapter "Moonrise" in the Book of Songs. Soon, the bright moon rose from behind Dongshan and moved between Dousu and Niusu. White fog crosses the river, and clear water connects the sky. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross it. It's like riding the wind out of thin air, but I don't know where it ends. It seems that I have left the world and ascended to a fairyland.
At this time, I drank happily, knocked on the ship's rail with my hand and sang loudly. The song sings: "Sweet-scented osmanthus wooden boat paddles vanilla, facing the empty waves and the flowing water is full of light. My heart is far away, and I hope Iraqis are on the other side of the world. " There are also guests who play the flute. They sing with the rhythm, and the flute wails: like resentment, like longing, like crying, like talking, with a sad ending, long and tactfully, like a continuous filament. Can make the dragon in the deep valley dance for it, can make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sadness came from it. (He) adjusted his clothes, sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why is (the tune) so sad?" The companion replied: "The moon stars are rare, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong and Meng De? You can see Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. Mountains and rivers are contiguous, full of green. Isn't that where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? At the beginning, Jingzhou was captured, Jiangling was captured, and it went down the Yangtze River. His warships stretched for thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank by the river and recited poems with spears. He is indeed a lean man of the present age, but where is he today? Besides, you and I are fishing and chopping wood in a small continent in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends. (We) drove the boat and raised cups to toast each other. (We) are in a world as vast as a mayfly and as small as a millet in the sea. Sigh that our life is only a short moment, and envy the endless Yangtze River. (I want to) travel around the world hand in hand with the gods, embrace the bright moon and live forever. Knowing that these things can't be obtained repeatedly, I have to pin my regret on the flute in the autumn wind. "
Su Shi said, "Do you know this water and the moon? Just like this river, it has not really passed away; The round time is like this month, but it doesn't increase or decrease in the end. If from the changeable side of things, there is no moment between heaven and earth that is constant; From the unchangeable side, everything is as endless as one's own life. What is there to envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything belongs to it, and if it is not what it should be, it won't even get a penny. Only when the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains reach your ears can you hear the sound and draw all kinds of colors when you enter your eyes. No one will forbid you to get these things, and you never have to do your best to enjoy them. This is the endless treasure of nature, and I can enjoy it with you.
So the companion smiled happily, washed the cup and filled it with wine. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, except the cups and plates on the table. (Perilla and her companions) are sleeping on each other's pillows on the boat, and before you know it, the sky has turned white.
Notes on Red Cliff Fu
[1] is selected from the first volume (four series) of Jin Jing Dongpo's Collected Works. This article was written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1082). Prior to this, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) because of Wutai Poetry Case (Yuanfeng two years). Later, I also wrote an essay on the same topic, which was called Qianchibi Fu. 10 15 wrote Houchibi Fu [3]. Chibi: It is actually Chibi Rock in Huangzhou, not the former site of Battle of Red Cliffs during the Three Kingdoms period. Locals also call it Red Cliff because its sound is close. Su Shi knew this and made a mistake, so he used scenery to express his embrace.
[2] Ren Xu: Song Shenzong Yuanfeng died in Ren Xu in five years (1082).
[3] Both hope: both, too; Look, the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar. "Wang" refers to the sixteenth day of the lunar calendar.
[4] Xu: Slowly.
[5] Xing: Get up and do it.
[6] Genus: Pay tribute by "entrusting (zhǔ), which is extended to the meaning of" persuading wine "here.
[7] Shao Yan: It's been a while.
[8] Millennium: white water vapor. Hengjiang: Gaijiang. Horizontal, horizontal.
[9] Feng Xu defended the wind: flying in the air (like wings). Feng: Pass "multiply", multiply. Virtual: space. Y: Drive (control).
[10] Vaguely: the subject is inverted. My thoughts drift away. The ethereal and distant appearance. An eye for an eye, a heart for a heart-the feeling in Mrs. Xiang's heart.
Beauty: This is the style of Qu Yuan borrowed by Su Shi. Use beauty to refer to the monarch. Most ancient poems mention people they miss and yearn for.
Harmony in Song Dynasty: Harmony with Beat. Lean: follow, follow and respond.
[13] Resentment is like thirst, and weeping is like resentment: sadness, thirst, weeping and talking. Complain: sadness. Mu: Attachment.
[14] Aftersound: End. Curl: describes the long and soft sound.
[15] jack-o'-lantern: filament.
[16] Tibetan dumplings dancing out of deep valleys: deep valleys: this refers to the abyss. The dragon in the deep valley was moved to dance.
[17] Cry for the widow in the lonely boat (lí Li): Let the widow in the lonely boat cry. Li: A woman who lives alone, here refers to a widow.
[18] Yan (Qi Oqi ? O) Ran: Appearance color changes.
[19] Sitting in danger: Get dressed. Sitting in danger is serious: sit up straight.
[20] What is it? Why is the song so sad?
[2 1] There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south: a poem from Cao Cao's Short Songs.
[22] Miao: Through the "dazzling" winding.
[23] Melancholy: Dense trees, a lush green. Yu: It looks lush.
[24] zhúlú Zhulu: Warships are connected in front and back. This refers to warships.
[25] Mix (shι) wine: pour wine.
[26] Shu: Hold the spear horizontally.
[27] Fish and shrimp are friends of elk: fish and shrimp are partners and elk are friends. Companion: Same. . . As a partner, here is the conative use of nouns. Elk: A kind of deer.
[28] Piā n boat: a small boat.
[29] Send: entrust.
[30] Mayfly (fú) Mayfly: An insect, born near the water at the turn of summer and autumn, has a short life span of only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the brevity of life.
[3 1] A drop in the ocean: small. The sea: the sea. This sentence means that human beings are extremely small between heaven and earth.
[32] For a while (yú): For a while, the time is very short.
[33] Zhong Chang: As for forever.
[34] Suddenly: Several times.
[35] Yi Tuo hates Taiwan: the lingering sound refers to the flute. Very Thai: Autumn wind.
[36] The deceased is like this: "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han": "Zi Yue Chuan:' The deceased is like this, not giving up day and night. ""death: go. This means water.
[37] The lack of surplus means that the moon is round and short.
[38] pawn: final. Fluctuation: increase or decrease. Length: growth
[39]*** Gourmet: * * Enjoy. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu" is written about "* * * food", which has been the meaning since the Ming Dynasty.
[40] Be more cautious: drink again.
[4 1] Vegetables and stones are exhausted: meat, vegetables and fruits. It's already started.
[42] Pillows: pillow each other.
[43] White: It is already white (meaning dawn).
Appreciation of Red Cliff Fu
1 paragraph, write a night tour in Chibi. The author dived into the embrace of nature, enjoyed the beauty of cool breeze, white dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight and skylight, and recited the first chapter of the Book of Songs, "The moon is shining in the sky." Shu Yao corrected it, and he was very sad. "Compare the bright moon to a beautiful woman with a good figure, expecting her Ran Ran to rise. In response to the poem "The Moon is Out", "Xiaoyan, the moon rises from Dongshan and lingers between bullfights." And leads to the following song cloud created by the author: "Looking at beauty and loving the sky", which is consistent in emotion and style. The word "wandering" vividly depicts that the soft moonlight seems to have incomparable attachment and affection for tourists. In the bright moonlight, white fog enveloped the river, and the sky and water became one piece, which is the so-called "autumn water * * * sky is one color" (Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting). At this time, tourists are open-minded and unrestrained, so they are "like reeds, at a loss" and drift with the tide in a boat, just like flying in the wind in space, carefree and detached from the world; It's like flying into wonderland with wings. The vast river and free and easy mind jump out of the author's pen, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is a passage in this article that describes the scenery of "boating" in a positive way, conveying feelings with the scenery, and the scenery is good.
In the second paragraph, the writer's drinking and singing joy and the guest's sad flute sound. The author is extremely happy to drink and sing to express his disappointment and frustration in thinking about "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all the beautiful things. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " This lyric all adopts the meaning of "Songs of the South, Less Thinking": "Look forward to a beautiful future and sing a magnificent song in the breeze", which embodies the content of "reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing a graceful chapter" above. I can't see it because I want to be beautiful. I have expressed my frustration and sadness. In addition, the guests played Dong Xiao, echoing their songs. The tone of "Mix" is sorrowful, "If you complain like a hope, you cry like a complaint, and the sound is like a wisp". In fact, it attracts dragons hidden in a ravine to dance and makes widows living alone in a lonely boat cry. One of Dong Xiao's songs is sad and tactful, and its sad tone is touching, which makes the author's feelings change suddenly, from joy to sadness, and the article also rises and falls.
The third paragraph, write the guest's sigh about the impermanence of life. This part is endowed with historical sites, not the natural scenery of Chibi. The host asked "what is nature", and the guests answered with the monuments of Chibi, and the arts and sciences turned to nature. But this article is not about Chen Qi, but uses two questions. First of all, based on Cao Cao's Short Songs, I asked, "Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde?" He is also better than the mountains and rivers in front of him and asks, "Isn't this because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang?" Two questions made the article sensational again. Then, it tells the story of Cao Cao breaking Jingzhou and forcing Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, the mighty Cao Jun descended from Jiangling along the river, with warships connected by thousands of miles and banners covering the sky. Cao Hao is full of pride, cocky, drinking the river at the bow and writing poems horizontally, which can be described as "the hero of the world"! Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao are only famous for a while, not to mention our generation! Therefore, now I can only sigh the shortness of life, envy the ever-flowing river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. However, all these are unrealistic fantasies, which is why sadness and sadness are conveyed through flutes. The guest's answer shows a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which is one aspect of Su Shi's thought revealed through the guest's mouth.
In the fourth paragraph, Su Shi stated his views on the impermanence of guest life in order to understand each other. The guests once "admired the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "embrace the bright moon and end up long". Su Shi took Jiang Yue Ming Yue as a metaphor and put forward that "the deceased is like this, but never had it; If the surplus is lacking, the dead will not ebb and flow. If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is only a blink of an eye; If things and people are endless from the same perspective, why envy the river, the bright moon and the land! Naturally, there is no need to "mourn for a lifetime"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded world outlook and outlook on life. He is in favor of looking at the problem from multiple angles instead of absolutizing it. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptive mental state in adversity, get rid of the impermanence of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explains that everything in the world has its own owner, and individuals can't force it. So what is our everything? The breeze on the river can be heard, the bright moon in the mountains is colorful, the mountains are endless, the wind and the moon are eternal, the world is selfless, and the music is entertaining. We can look around and enjoy ourselves. This situation is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "The breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy, and Yushan won't be pushed", and then it deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after listening to the author's dialogue, the author turned grief into joy and drank heartily. "Pillow in the boat, I don't know Oriental White." After reading the beginning, I wrote about the happiness of traveling and enjoying. As for forgetting my gains and losses, it is a realm of detachment.
Fang Bao, an ancient prose writer in the Qing Dynasty, commented on this article as follows: "What you see is unique, but the literary environment is unattainable, and the goodness is open because of leisure, and there are no distractions in the chest. It is exposed and fully considered. I don't know why. It's just that others can't imitate it, and even if Zi Zhan is conscious again, it can't be so adaptive and fluent. "Su Shi expressed his magnanimous mind through various artistic techniques. Only by forgetting my gains and losses and being open-minded can we write the poem "Red Wall Fu", which has an unattainable literary environment.
(1) The integration of "emotion, scenery and reason".
The full text, whether lyrical or argumentative, never leaves the scenery on the river and the story of Chibi. This has formed an artistic realm full of emotion, scenery, reason, poetry and philosophy.
(2) the genre form of "writing as fu".
This paper not only retains the characteristics and charm of traditional poetry, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the shackles of the duality of sentence pattern and melody, and is more composed of prose, so that the article has both the profound charm of poetry and the penetrating power of prose. The style of prose makes the whole article feel depressed and frustrated. For example, Fountain Fountain is different from Fu's emphasis on duality, and it is relatively more free. For example, at the beginning of the paragraph, "Autumn is endless, July is looking forward to it, perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff", and the whole article is full of loose sentences, which means sorting out. From the following to the end of the article, most of them rhyme, but the rhyme changes quickly, and the rhyme changes often in a paragraph, which makes this article especially suitable for reading, and the rhyme is very beautiful, which embodies the advantages of rhyme.
(3) The language features of beautiful images and good analogy.
For example, describe the bitterness and sorrow of the flute: "Its sound screams, like resentment, like crying, and the sound is endless. Dance in the valley, weep for the widow. " The six metaphors used in succession have rendered the sadness of the flute sound, and appealed the abstract and elusive sound to the reader's vision and hearing, making it concrete and sensible, with excellent results.