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Shen Congwen (1902 -1988), male, formerly known as Shen Yuehuan, courtesy name Chongwen, a native of Phoenix, Hunan, a famous Chinese writer and researcher of historical relics. He began literary creation in 1924 and wrote and published novels such as "The Long River" and "Border Town". He taught at Qingdao University from 1931 to 1933. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he taught at Southwest Associated University. In 1946, he returned to Peking University to teach. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he worked at the Museum of Chinese History and the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, mainly engaged in the study of ancient Chinese history and cultural relics. Research, author of "Research on Ancient Chinese Clothing". He died of illness in Beijing in 1988 at the age of 86.
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Shen Congwen’s boyhood story
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As the founder and master of Beijing-style writers, Shen Congwen showed his talents in his youth. His unique creative talent. Born on December 28, 1902 in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province. Fenghuang County was hailed as "one of the two most beautiful small towns in China" by New Zealand poet Lou Alley. It has clusters of green peaks, a river surrounding the city, and many historical sites and places of interest. , and has a long history of traditional cultural accumulation.
In 1915, Shen Congwen entered Fenghuang County No. 2 Junior Primary School from a private school, and transferred to Wenchangge Primary School half a year later. Because Shen Congwen was lively and playful by nature, he often skipped school to watch puppet shows on the street, and hid his schoolbag in the Tutu Temple. Once, he left his schoolbag in the Tutu Temple and watched a play all day. After the play, other children had already gone home from school. He went back to the Tutu Temple to get his schoolbag, only to find that his schoolbag was missing. At this time, he was anxious, but then he thought: it was not a big deal if his schoolbag disappeared. The next day, he gritted his teeth and went to school as usual. Unexpectedly, as soon as he walked under a nanmu tree on campus, he met his grade teacher, Mr. Mao. With an angry look on his face, Teacher Mao solemnly asked Shen Congwen to kneel under the nanmu tree and loudly asked Shen Congwen where he had been yesterday. Shen Congwen knew that he couldn't hide it, so he simply replied: "I went to the theater." Teacher Mao saw that Shen Congwen was playing truant and was so confident, so he criticized Shen Congwen harshly: "Diligence pays off, but play is useless. Trees like to grow upward, but you like to be in the theater." Under the tree, if a master doesn't do what he wants, he will be a dwarf. It's too disappointing!" After kneeling for about half an hour, Teacher Mao asked him to get up. At this time, Teacher Mao asked Shen Congwen in a gentle tone if he hated the teacher for punishing him to kneel under the tree. Shen Congwen said unabashedly: "Of course I hate it. I hate that you should not kneel down and insult me ??in front of my classmates." Later, Teacher Mao brought Shen Congwen into the office and slowly enlightened him: "Trees grow upward, but you have to Kneel down. One must strive for progress, not belittle oneself but be self-respecting." After Teacher Mao patiently persuaded and taught him, Shen Congwen learned his shame and became brave. He changed his previous stubborn temper and studied hard, and his grades improved. Very fast.
Although Shen Congwen later became a world-famous writer and scholar, he still had fresh memories of being punished by his teacher to kneel under a nanmu tree as a child, and he would never forget it.
When he was a child, Shen Congwen was fond of fun. He played hooky with the urchins in the neighborhood all day long, went to the mountains to catch birds, and fished in the water. He just felt that there was nothing more interesting in the world than this kind of lifestyle. Almost all the behaviors of naughty children were Youfen, even in normal classes, would not feel at ease. He would think of all kinds of ways to make mischief, only in this way can he feel happy. But he has a sense of awe for his Chinese teacher Mr. Tian Mingyu (also known as Ge Shi, from Phoenix, Hunan), because this teacher Tian is knowledgeable and very strict, and he has heard about it for a long time. He was a little scared and curious at first, but later he felt that Teacher Tian was amiable and uniquely attractive, so he was deeply impressed. As long as Teacher Tian was in class, he would pay special attention to the lectures and never cause trouble. Under Mr. Tian's careful instruction, he concentrated on his studies and could fluently recite all the ancient Chinese prose and poems he had learned. His composition and calligraphy improved rapidly. Mr. Tian praised him: "He is talented but has a clear spirit, and his ambition is weak but high-minded." It can be seen that the good education and influence he received at the starting point of his life journey is inseparable from Mr. Tian. After 1917, Tian Mingyu entered politics and began his faltering official career. In 1920, when Tian Mingyu was serving as secretary of the Qianfeng Matun Defense Army Headquarters, he went to Guizhou for business and passed through Zhijiang. At that time, Shen Congwen was already engaged in taxation work in Zhijiang. Tian Mingyu deliberately made time to meet with Shen Congwen. Tian Mingyu was very happy to see that Shen Congwen was serious about his work, down-to-earth and willing to learn. When Shen Congwen later recalled this teacher, he said fondly: "Mr. Tian was a poet of the Old Nanshe Society. He studied calligraphy, black women's journals, and poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was able to eliminate the exaggerated and retain the real. What is particularly admirable is his simple and down-to-earth person." "He is honest and tolerant, and makes people feel friendly when he gets close to him." The two have maintained a 70-year friendship between teachers and students. It can be seen how deep the teacher-student friendship between Shen Congwen and Tian Mingyu is!
Shen Congwen and Zhang Zhaohe: Forgot to Understand You
Shen Congwen, who was nearly thirty years old, met the most beautiful Zhang Zhaohe , his young heart thumped. At that time, Zhang Zhaohe was familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, was also quite good at music, chess, calligraphy and painting, and spoke fluent English. There are countless suitors around her, and she receives more than a dozen love letters every day.
At that time, Shen Congwen was taciturn, dull and gloomy. He even came from a poor family, coming from Fenghuang, an ancient city in western Hunan, and his education level was not high. The only thing he had was his magnificent and beautiful words.
In 1928, Shen Congwen came to China Public School to teach at the age of 26. He fell in love with student Zhang Zhaohe at first sight. This year, Zhang Zhaohe was 18 years old and was a school belle in Chinese public schools. One day, Zhang Zhaohe suddenly received a thin letter. When he opened it, he found out that it was written by his teacher Shen Congwen. There was only one sentence in the letter: "I don't know why I suddenly fell in love with you?" Zhang Zhaohe There was no reply, and then came the second and third letters. The letters became so long that if they were sent from the post office, they would be twice as heavy. This was the first time Shen Congwen wrote a letter to Zhang Zhaohe. From then on, it was out of control. In the long years to come, their love story has been praised by future generations.
Shen Congwen's grandmother is from the Miao ethnic group and his mother is from the Tujia ethnic group. When it comes to the relationship between men and women, this newly minted novelist has the persistence and frankness of a Xiangxi person. The letters were too many, too long, and too bold, and Zhang Zhaohe finally couldn't stand it. She went to the principal Hu Shi's home and told the principal that it was not good for Teacher Shen to write letters to students like this. Unexpectedly, Hu Shi smiled and replied: "What's wrong! Your father and I are both from Anhui Province. Do you want me to talk to your father about your affairs?" Zhang Zhaohe blushed anxiously: "Don't talk." The principal was very serious. He said to the female student: "I know Shen Congwen loves you stubbornly!" Zhang Zhaohe blurted out: "I stubbornly don't love him!" In 1930, Shen Congwen also left China Public School and taught at National Qingdao University, while Zhang Zhaohe continued to stay at He studied in a Chinese public school and completed college. On September 9, 1933, Shen Congwen and Zhang Zhaohe got married in Beijing Central Park. Not long after their wedding, Shen Congwen returned to his hometown of Phoenix to visit because his mother was critically ill. He wrote a letter to Zhang Zhaohe who was far away in Peking in the cabin: "When I left Peking, I planned to spend half a day writing letters and half a day writing articles. Who would have thought that when I got on this boat, I just wanted to write a letter for you. You can’t do anything else.”
After marriage, whenever the two were separated, Shen Congwen could always write touching letters. For example, "I have walked on bridges in many places, seen clouds many times, and drank many kinds of wine, but I have only loved one person at his best age." Sentences like this have become classic love words. For Shen Congwen, perhaps separation is the best state of love, and that kind of monologue can reach the deepest part of his heart. Shortly after his marriage, Shen Congwen wrote his greatest novel "Border Town".
Shen Congwen and "Border Town"
"Border Town" is Shen Congwen's representative work, written from 1933 to early 1934. This work, like Shen Congwen's other Xiangxi works, focuses on the changes in fate of ordinary people and kind-hearted people, and depicts the tragedy of the life of Hunan girl Cuicui. As the author Shen Congwen said: "What I want to express is originally A 'form of life', a 'beautiful, healthy, natural and not contrary to human nature'
The story of the border town takes place near Chadong at the junction of Sichuan and Hunan, next to the white pagoda of the creek. , the protagonist Cuicui and her grandfather, an old boatman, lived in Chadong City. There was a boat owner named Shun Shun. He had two sons, the eldest named Tianbao and the second named Nuosong. During the Dragon Boat Festival, Cuicui went to watch the dragon boat race by chance. They met the handsome young sailor Nuosong, who left a deep impression on Cuicui. At the same time, Nuosong's brother Tianbao also fell in love with Cuicui and asked a matchmaker to propose marriage in advance. The custom is to decide the outcome in a duel, but instead use a fair and romantic way of singing folk songs to express feelings, allowing Cuicui to choose from among them. A few days later, the old boatman heard that his boss had an accident on the boat. The boat manager at the dock became cold towards the old boatman because of the death of his son Tianbao. The boatman did not want Cuicui to be Nuosong's wife again. . Later, the boat was washed away and the white tower behind the house collapsed. Cuicui went to find her grandfather but found that the old man had died when the thunder was about to subside. The old soldier Yang Mabing enthusiastically came to accompany Cuicui and also expressed his gratitude to her. Making a living by ferry, waiting for the return of Nuo Song.
As one of the representative works of Beijing-style novels, "Border Town" is full of the beauty of humanity and poetic beauty. The people here maintain the beauty of simplicity, nature, sincerity and kindness. People are beautiful. They are honest and courageous, charitable, enthusiastic and forthright, trustworthy and trustworthy. This is a lyric poem and a genre painting. There are no thrilling social changes and fierce and complex conflicts, but the style is profound and natural, clear and simple. , harmonious and timeless, like a beautiful rural picture, it is known as "the purest novel text in the history of modern literature" and "the pinnacle of pastoral legends in modern Chinese literature"
Uncompromising. , his articles are full of stars; he is kind and gentle, and he is a pure person
Shen Congwen is not only a writer, but also a scholar. He not only wrote and published novels such as "The Long River" and "Border Town". He went to teach at Peking University, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he worked at the Museum of Chinese History and the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He was mainly engaged in the study of ancient Chinese history and cultural relics. He was the author of "Research on Ancient Chinese Clothing". From an author with warm words to a scholar with rigorous textual research. , Shen Congwen completed the transformation from a writer to an expert in costume history, and was the founder of the discipline of costume history in my country.
On the afternoon of May 10, 1988, Shen Congwen suffered a heart attack while meeting Huang Luyin's daughter. There are no signs.
At around 5 o'clock, he felt shortness of breath and angina pectoris. Zhang Zhaohe helped him lie down. His face turned pale and he refused to let his wife go away. Before losing consciousness, Shen Congwen held Zhang Zhaohe's hand and said, "Third sister, I'm sorry for you." These were his last words.
Zhang Chonghe, the fourth daughter of the Zhang family who settled in the United States, received a call from Beijing, saying that Mr. Shen had gone and please write an elegiac couplet to be used at the memorial service the next day. That night, Zhang Chonghe couldn't sleep, his mind was filled with things related to Mr. Shen. After sleeping until midnight, I simply got up, studied ink, and wrote four sentences: "I will never give in, I will be kind and give in, my writing will be like a star, and my person will be innocent."
My relatives in Beijing said, This elegiac couplet is very well written, because Mr. Shen’s name is also embedded in it. The suffixes of the four sentences can be connected to form "Congwen makes people". Isn't this a reflection of Shen Congwen's life? In his later years, Zhang Chonghe told the writer Su Wei in the United States about writing elegiac couplets. He even said: "When I was writing, I didn't think about this, let alone hide his name in it. Oh, really. There is a ghost.
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