Fang Mengshi, Fang's elder sister, is also engaged in poetry and calligraphy, and married Zhang Bingwen, Shandong Buzheng. Later, the Qing army invaded the south, and Zhang Bingwen defended Jinan City and died in the battlefield. There are "Renlan Pavilion Collection" and "Renlan Pavilion Poetry Collection" handed down from generation to generation. Fang's cousin Fang, also a young woman, is the author of Fu Ji. Because the three sisters of Fang family keep festivals for the country and the family, they are called "the three festivals of Fang family" by later generations, among which Fang has the highest achievement.
Famous scholars in Ming dynasty. Fang, the daughter of Fang Dazhen, a Qing dynasty in Dali, married Yao Sunbang at the age of seventeen, and her husband died shortly after the marriage. So I went home as a widow, and together with my sister-in-law, Wu Lingyi, I "weaved the classics for the generations of literature and history". * * * raised my nephew Fang Yizhi, just like a tireless mentor, and Fang Yizhi later became a famous scholar. Fang is a young scholar, knowledgeable and versatile, and works in poetry and painting. Taste ancient and modern women's works, compiled as "History of Palace Poetry", divided into two episodes: good and evil. In addition, there is the book "Meditation on Poetry", which is also quite incisive in expounding the theory of poetry. And she is "cool Zen, rich in literature and history, painting poems." Li is not as good as it. "He is the author of Songs of the Chu River and Sighs of Returning. , merged into seven volumes "Qingfen Pavilion Collection". His poems are washed with lead and straight. There are 80 poems in Long Mian Feng Ya, 6 poems in Ming Poetry Comprehensive, 22 poems in Tong Jiu Ji, 3 poems in Ming Poetry Biecai, 10 poems in Yuxuan Ming Poetry and 1 0 poems in Zhengshiji.
Born into an official family, my grandfather gradually learned and was a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. Father Fang Dazhen, a scholar in Wanli, was an official in Dali Temple. Wei Yi inherited his family studies since childhood, saying that "literature and history are ambitious, and poetry and painting are also part of it". /kloc-in 0/7, she married Yao Sunbang, a fellow countryman. Her husband was terminally ill and died soon. After her husband died, Wei Yi gave birth to a woman who was less than one year old and was killed again. Regarding her bleak life experience, she has an article "A Brief Account of the Living", which reads: "The remaining seventeen years belong to Master, and Master has been ill for six years ... In May of the following year, his master became ill ... until September, he was so sad that he cried to heaven ... but he survived with a stomach and dared not die; I didn't expect to have a daughter, caress September and drown. Oh, my god Oh, my god If you don't leave a pulse, why lean on it? "
Wei Yi lost her husband and daughter at a young age, so she returned to her mother's house, kept the ambition of "Qingfen Pavilion", accompanied her alone, and devoted herself to studying poetry and painting. My cousin Fang Wei is a widow of sixteen. They used to be very close and studied poetry and painting techniques. Wu Lingyi, the wife of his younger brother Fang Kongying, and Wu Lingyi, his older sister, are both good at poetry and songs. The five sisters often gather in the "Qingfen Pavilion" to sing and sing. Wei Yi's poetic style is exquisite, touching, plain and easy to understand, and Wei Yi admired and promoted him as a teacher.
After Wu Lingyi's early death, Kong Guan Ying was appointed as Huguang, and the important task of raising his nephew Fang Yizhi fell on Wei Yi. She gives careful advice every day, urges her class to read, and encourages her wisdom with integrity. Fang Yizhi later developed into a master of culture and a famous scientist, which was inseparable from the careful education of his aunt Wei Yi. "Tongcheng Fang Poetry Collection" contains: Fang "teaches his nephew wisdom as a teacher." Fang Yizhi himself described it this way: "Twelve wise men lost their mothers and were entrusted by their aunts." The Book of Rites and Li Sao were all given by my aunt. "
Wei Yi carefully studied literature and history, compiled ancient and modern women's poems, compiled the History of Gong Wei's Poems and wrote seven volumes of Poems of Qing Dynasty, all of which are precious historical materials of famous ladies' beautiful sentences. Fang Yizhi sighed when he wrote an inscription for the collection of Qingfen Pavilion: "What a husband! If a woman can write a book, if she is my aunt, she is not a gentleman! " Painters in the Song Dynasty learned from Li, especially the sketch Guanyin Tuda, which has both form and spirit, and people are scrambling to collect it. Wang Shizhen, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty, called it a "wonderful work". Wu Xun's poem "Draw a picture of a generation of masters in a Qingfen Pavilion" has a praise cloud: "Ink flowers are cold and autumn, and finally they are lightly dyed with spring clouds."
Fang/kloc-widowed at the age of 0/7 and died at the age of 84. After his death, he was enshrined in a shrine, and he wrote an inscription on the shrine: "Today's Big Family".
Someone's (unfortunate) fate
Fang's life experience is tragic. When she got married, Yao had been ill for six years. When her husband was ill, she personally "lifted the house, turned the soup, waved mosquitoes and flies, spit, and moved around", and her head was restless. Her husband died unfortunately; I gave birth to a pregnant girl, who was only nine months old. She lamented in "The Survivor's Life": "Everything has something to rely on, but I have nothing to rely on. I am sad and sad, and my eyes are full of tears; Starting today, my ability is getting weaker and weaker. " This sense of life experience is also reflected in some of her poems. Death and Separation is a representative. The poem reads: "I read about where will you go in the past, and I don't say death.". Do or die, I'm single. The north wind blows withered mulberry, mourning for me day and night ... "Sad atmosphere and sentimental colors are densely covered on it, which makes people sad to read. According to the formula, Fang's word "parting from sorrow, burning more grass and abandoning it". Most of the works expressing painful feelings were abandoned with success, leaving only a small part.
Like many female painters (such as Zhu Qiu in Ming Dynasty, Xing Cijing and Zhao Zhao in Qing Dynasty). ) She embroidered with a brush or needle, and with a pious heart, drew a compassionate statue of Guanyin and Lohan, seeking spiritual sustenance. In terms of painting skills, she highly praised the sketches of Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty and Li in Song Dynasty. In addition to Guanyin and Banana Walking on the Ocean's Sea in the Palace Museum in Beijing, there are more than ten pictures of Ocean's Sea in Anhui Museum and Dali Portrait and Ocean's Sea in Fushun Museum in Liaoning Province.
Born into an official family.
Fang was born in an official family, and his father Fang Da was really a scholar in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and he was an official in Dali Temple. My sister Meng Shi and my brother Conte are both well-read. Fang grew up in such a family with a strong cultural and academic atmosphere. She has been exposed to poetry, calligraphy and painting since she was a child, and has made outstanding achievements in literature and art with her own talent and academic ability.
Widowed after marriage, still diligent in writing, achieving a lifetime.
/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Fang married Yao Sunbang, a young man from Tongli. Shortly after marriage, her husband died unfortunately. The following year, she gave birth to a pregnant woman and died one after another. So, she had to go back to her parents' home alone and keep the ambition of "Qingfen Pavilion". After Fang was widowed, her life situation could no longer be compared with her carefree childhood. In a complicated big family, she respects the old and loves the young, treats her peers and servants well, and has a harmonious relationship in all aspects. Although what she does is extremely difficult, in her spare time, she always insists on reading classics and history, studying hard and writing poems, thus affecting her family. The rough life experience didn't trip Wei Yi. The higher cultural quality determines that Wei Yi has a higher pursuit of life ideals. She left her ambition in Qingfen Pavilion, read extensively and wrote diligently, and took a life path different from that of ordinary women.
knowledge
Fang Weiyi is deeply respected by people for his profound knowledge and amiable attitude. The brothers, sisters and nephews of the same generation are completely convinced of her and treat her with courtesy. Qingfen Pavilion has simply become a school, and only then has it become a female teacher of Qingfen Pavilion. Her sister-in-law, Wu Lingyi, has made great progress in calligraphy and poetry since childhood. Wu Lingyi died at the age of 30, and Fang ordered the manuscript of Autumn to be handed down from generation to generation. Fang also personally raised her niece and nephew, inculcated them and took good care of them. Later, my niece Fang Ziyao became a talented woman with excellent calligraphy and painting, and her calligraphy and painting works won a good hand. My nephew Fang has become a great scholar in the same breath as Gu, Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi with his intelligence, which is inseparable from Fang's early education and influence.
Temperament of the times
Fang lived in an era of alternating Ming and Qing dynasties, increasingly fierce class contradictions and ethnic contradictions. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they were brutally burned and killed, and the mountains and rivers were broken and the lives were ruined. The unique keenness and rich emotions of writers and artists make Fang feel more strongly about real life. She always pays attention to the fate and future of the country and deeply sympathizes with the sufferings of people's livelihood. The cruel social reality always arouses her resentment against troubled times and nostalgia for the motherland. In her works, she reflects all kinds of feelings of worrying about the country and the people in twists and turns. She is virtuous and talented, but she doesn't show people by it, and her poems never show people easily. "If you leave bitter words, you will burn them" (Preface to Fang Mengshi's Qingfen Pavilion). Among the poems handed down from generation to generation, the most representative one is her later work "Autumn Travel and Smelling Kou".
Fang is knowledgeable and talented. He not only studies classics and history, but also works in poetry and is good at painting and calligraphy. According to the records in Ming History and Ran Zhi Ji recorded by Wang in Qing Dynasty, Wei Yi once wrote 8 volumes of Qingfen Pavilion Collection, Chu Jiang Yin 1 Volume, Gong Gui Poetry Review 1 Volume, Ni Shuo Qi Confused and Guan Gui Poetry Review 1 Volume. These works include poems, essays, notes, papers and other styles, involving literary creation, literary history research, literary criticism, female philosophy and many other aspects. Unfortunately, most of her works have been scattered today, and we can only get a glimpse of her poetic style from a few surviving works.
The cricket sings in autumn, and the cool wind starts at dusk. When the old country will return when the world is in turmoil. The thief invaded Nandian, and the military book went to Beiguan. Life is wasted, and blood is stained with knives. -The Qing Dynasty Fang Wen Kou at Night
Crickets sing in autumn, and a cool breeze rises in the evening.
When the old country will return when the world is in turmoil.
The thief invaded Nandian, and the military book went to Beiguan.
Life is wasted, and blood is stained with knives. Yesterday, I heard parting, but I didn't hear parting. Do or die, I'm single. The north wind blows withered mulberry and mourns for me day and night. Look up at the blue sky, there is no yellow mouth under it. Life is worse than death, and parents cry and hug each other. Yellow birds have everything, and autumn grass is uneven. What to do when you are alive and what to do when you are dead. In broad daylight, I should know it in my heart. -Qing Fang's "Death Farewell" Death Farewell
Yesterday, I heard parting, but I didn't hear parting.
Do or die, I'm single.
The north wind blows withered mulberry and mourns for me day and night.
Look up at the blue sky, there is no yellow mouth under it.
Life is worse than death, and parents cry and hug each other.
Yellow birds have everything, and autumn grass is uneven.
What to do when you are alive and what to do when you are dead.
In broad daylight, I should know it in my heart.