During the Three Kingdoms period, there were not only many brave military commanders who galloped on the battlefield and were all-powerful, but also many charming and talented writers. Cao Zhi is one of the most famous tragic figures among many outstanding writers. About his ill-fated fate, about his prodigy, it is worthy of our aftertaste and sigh.
Cao Zhi (192 ~ 232), Zi Zijian, was a poet of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Pei Guoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui) was born. He Zijian is the third son of Cao Cao and Empress Wu Xuan. Cao Zhi's life is bounded by Cao Pi's claim to be emperor, which is obviously divided into two periods. In the early stage, he won the appreciation and favor of Cao Cao with his talent, and was almost named a prince, living a luxurious life; Later, Cao Pi and his son became emperors. Because of their previous experience of fighting for the crown prince, they were deeply suspicious of him and oppressed him. Although he still lost his status as a prince, who is he? Depressed and frustrated, he is called a captaincy, but he is actually a prisoner.
Did the young Cao Zhi have it? Send it to the edge? , to kill lingyun ambition on the battlefield. Therefore, he studied all kinds of martial arts hard from an early age, and learned superb skills such as fencing, fencing, riding and shooting. In his youth, Cao Zhi went out with his father many times, and then led the troops to fight alone. Almost every time he returns home in triumph, he is worthy of being a young hero on the battlefield.
Cao Zhi is not only superior in martial arts, but also outstanding in literary talent. The talented Cao Zhi? Teenagers, when it comes to hundreds of thousands of words, belong to the text, ok? Speak for yourself and write a chapter to please Cao Cao. In the 15th year of Jian 'an (2 10), when the Tongque Terrace built by Cao Cao in Yecheng was completed, a group of people were gathered. On stage for fu? Nature is among them. Of all the people, Cao Zhi was the only one who put pen to paper with a little thought. He was the first to hand in his paper, which was called "Ode on the Stage". When Cao Cao saw it, he praised it greatly. At that time, Cao Zhicai 19. Since then, Cao Cao, who has always attached importance to talents, has come up with a plan. Do you want to grow up or not? The old idea was to hand over the throne to Cao Zhi, the son of a civil and military generalist. So Cao Cao loved Cao Zhi very much and told people around him many times? I want to be an heir? . Who would have expected that Cao Cao's idea, instead of bringing any blessing to Cao Zhi, caused him endless pain later, which made him invisibly involved in the whirlpool of competing for the prince.
Cao Zhi's behavior is laissez-faire, does not follow etiquette, is informal, and has the demeanor of a famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi? As quoted in Biography of Wang Shen, Cao Cao pacified Jingzhou, and when he saw that Han was learned, he made him Cao Zhi's official. He went to see Cao Zhi, but Cao Zhi ignored him. In midsummer, he asked his entourage to fetch water, wash their faces, apply powder, and dance with bare head and bare arms. Then perform acrobatic programs such as bungee jumping and fencing; Then dress up as a storyteller and tell thousands of humorous stories. He asked Han: What does Han Hansheng think? It is against etiquette to condescend with respect for public officials. In the twenty-second year of Jian 'an, Cao Zhi took the opportunity of Cao Cao's going out, privately opened Sima Gate, and rode down Chidao until Guinness. . It is the imperial road of the emperor's chariots and horses, and Sima Gate is the palace gate, which is also forbidden to be opened at will. This violation of feudal ethics aroused Cao Cao's great anger, and the bus order in charge of the palace gate was carried out. These two things changed Cao Cao's view of Cao Zhi. It seems that Cao Zhi only deserves to be an informal writer, and it is difficult to be a resourceful politician.
Cao Zhi's fall from power is certainly related to his unconventional and unruly temperament, but more importantly, it is related to the worship of his sworn enemy Cao Pi. Cao Pi is a man, Shao? Magnificent? , more suspicious. Cao Zhi, who once threatened his throne, was his main target. He often fabricates facts in front of Cao Cao and tries his best to defame Cao Zhi in Luo Zhi. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Guan Yu was in the range of Coss, and Cao Cao took wisdom as the southern commander to recruit generals to save Coss. The night before he left, xelloss knowingly invited him to drink and got him drunk, so that Cao Zhi could not make an order. Cao Cao was furious and canceled Cao Zhi's decision to lead the troops and his plan to set up Cao Zhi as a store. Against xelloss? Fight back with tricks and pretend to decorate yourself? Finally, he gradually gained the upper hand in the struggle to establish a reserve army, and was made a prince in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17). In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao died of illness, and Cao Pi succeeded to Wei and soon proclaimed himself emperor. Cao Zhi's life has changed fundamentally since then. He has changed from a noble son who lives a leisurely life to the object of being restricted and attacked everywhere.
After Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, the idea of hating Cao Zhi has not changed. After he ascended the throne for the first time, he cut off Cao Zhi's wings. "The Newspeak? According to the literature, Cao Pi came up with an excuse to kill Cao Zhi. Seven steps of a poem? The way to punish his brother. Fortunately, exporting poetry is Cao Zhi's specialty, isn't it? Seven steps poem? Became a life-saving poem, xelloss had to take it back and demote Cao Zhi. Cao Shi and his son left many immortal chapters in the history of China literature. Cao Zhi's? Seven steps poem? This is also a well-known story, and its significance is no longer the value of the poem itself. It contains profound political connotation, and it has become a portrayal of brothers fighting for power and profit and brothers killing each other in the long history.
In the second year of Huang Chu (22 1), Cao Zhi changed his name to Juancheng Hou and merged into a vassal. In order to prevent the princes from rebelling, Cao Pi had only more than 100 veterans in the kingdom, and the princes were not allowed to ask questions, and his actions were also monitored by the envoys of various countries. Inspired by Cao Pi, or trying to please and please, the officers in charge of the army often tell Cao Pi about Cao Zhi's black appearance. In the second year of Huang Chu, Cao Zhi was dismissed and lived in Yecheng. After returning to Juancheng, he was falsely accused by Wang Ji, the magistrate of the East County, and Cang Ji, the assistant minister. In order to avoid disaster, Cao Zhi stayed at home and refused to make friends. Ji Wang, etc. Nitpicking, endless crystal, but finally have nothing to say. ? The next year, he was promoted to king. For four years, he was named Qiu Yong. Soon, it was reported by the prison officer, because the protection of the queen mother was preserved.
In the seventh year of Huang Chu (226), Cao Pi died of illness, and Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, namely Wei Mingdi. Cao Rui still keeps strict precautions and restrictions on him, and the situation has not fundamentally improved. During the period of Emperor Wenming 12, Cao Zhi moved several times.
Cao Pi and his son took different surnames in order to guard against princes. Without the help of vassal States outside the imperial court and the assistance of relatives in the imperial court, if a powerful minister steals the throne, the country will be overthrown. Cao Zhi foresaw this danger, and he pointed out in Chen Shenju's Watch:? Where the strength lies, though it is rare, it will be heavy; Where did the tide go, though the kiss would be light. Take Qi Zhetian instead of Lu Zong; Zhao Wei, who was assigned to Jin, was not surnamed Ji. ? At that time, Sima Yi took care of the minister specializing in military power, and Cao Zhi saw a latent crisis. Unfortunately for Cao Zhi, in 17, after his death, Sima Yi took the opportunity of Di Wei Cao Fang and Cao Shuang brothers to pay homage to Gao Pingling, staged a coup, killed Cao Shuang, monopolized power, and finally moved Ding Wei.
Because of his ambition, Cao Zhi was unhappy, and his painstaking creation seriously damaged his health. Eat less and drink less, got anti-stomach trouble? . In the sixth year of Taihe, 165438+ October, Cao Zhi died at the peak of 4 1 year. Shi Si is known as the king of Chen Si in the world.
Cao Zhi married two wives in his life. The first wife was Cui Shi, who later became famous. His brother Cui Yan was a minister of Cao Wei and had been trusted by Cao Cao. Cui Shiwei? Clothing embroidery is illegal? Cao Cao ordered him to go home and died. Soon, Cui Shi's brother Cui Yan came again? Swearing? Be executed. Some people say that Cui Yan's death is related to her sister's death. Cao Zhi's later wife, Xie, was once named a princess. What's the name in the history books? Chen Fei? He was Cao Zhi's companion in his later years. It is said that she lived to the age of 80 in the Jin Dynasty. Cao Zhi had two sons, the eldest, Cao Miao, who was once named Duke of Levin and died young. The second son, Cao Zhi, was named "Xianggong". Cao Zhi, who is rare and eager to learn, is outstanding. Cao Zhi praised him as a Cao family member? Protect your family? . After Cao Zhi's death, Cao Zhi succeeded to the throne and moved to Jibei King. After Sima's usurpation, Cao Zhi was demoted to Juancheng County and later served as the magistrate of Leping. He moved away, rode as an official servant and doctor of Guo Zi, and later turned to a doctor to provide wine. Taiyuan nine years (228) died, the official to the public. Cao Zhi also has two daughters, which are occasionally mentioned in his works, but the details are unknown.
Poetry is the main field of Cao Zhi's literary activities. The content of the early stage and the later stage is very different. Early poems can be divided into two categories, one is to express the leisure life of his noble son, and the other is to reflect him. Were you born in troubled times and grew up in the army? The feeling of the times. In his later poems, he mainly expressed his grief and indignation under repression, and expressed his desire not to be abandoned and his desire to make contributions to the world. Due to the different life circumstances in the early and late period, the works that express this content also have obvious differences in artistic conception and style. In the early stage, White Horse Piece, as the representative, created an image of a patriotic brave with high martial arts, eager to make contributions to the country and even willing to die heroically, full of heroic and optimistic spirit. Later, represented by miscellaneous stones, it shows more anger and injustice that ambitions are not displayed. Due to the misfortune of his own life, he gradually realized the' pain' of some lower-class people in the later period, and also wrote individual poems reflecting the sufferings of the people. He also wrote poems reflecting love. These poems are obviously different from those that reflect ambition, and their feelings are sad and touching, much like lyric poems in ancient Chinese poetry at the end of Han Dynasty. Some of these poems may have entrusted the feelings of poets, ministers and gifted scholars.
Cao Zhi has many innovations and developments in the art of poetry. Although his poems were born out of the Han Yuefu, they also absorbed the achievements of ancient poems written by literati at the end of the Han Dynasty, and made some innovations and developments in art. Jian 'an poems came out of Yuefu and gradually became literati, but in Cao Zhi's hands they had obvious characteristics of literati poems. For example, The Picture of Beauty imitates Shang Mo Sang by Han Yuefu, but its meticulous description and gorgeous rhetoric are quite different from Shang Mo Sang, which shows this tendency. Cao's efforts to plant trees became his? Ci adopts Chinese style? On the other side. His poems make good use of metaphors, which are not only numerous but also appropriate, and often focus on the whole article, such as saving the victims with the metaphor of a teenager saving a yellowbird and changing the floating life of Kazakhstan. His poems also pay attention to duality, exquisiteness and melody. In addition, his poems are also good at intonation and epigrams, such as? There are many trees in Hengtai, and the waves are rippling. It is windy during the day and the scenery flows west. They add color to the whole poem, either at the beginning or in the article. Cao Zhi's achievements in this respect have improved the artistry of poetry and opened up the atmosphere of engraving words.
Cao Zhi also wrote many lyric poems, among which "Ode to Luoshen" is a famous one. This poem was influenced by the goddess Fu. It casts the theme of Fuzhou and describes a tragedy of love between man and god through dreams. "Ode to Luo Shen" uses a lot of space to describe the appearance, posture and clothing of Luo Shen, and then writes the poet's love and emotion for Luo Shen. Through the description of these movements, Luo Shen's affectionate character is also very prominent. Finally, I wrote that the way of man and god is different. Luo Shen gave away with hatred and was frustrated with the poet. The tragic atmosphere was strong. This fu is rich in images, delicate in description, beautiful in words, lyrical and mythical, and has great artistic charm. Cao Zhi's other essays, whether discussion or narration, are full of emotion, and the combination of parallel prose and prose is full of momentum. Books with Wu Zhi, books with Yang Zude, and self-taught books are all famous articles.
As a master of Jian 'an literature, Cao Zhi had a great influence on later generations. In the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, he was promoted to the position of article model. Cao Zhi edited 78 selected works before his death. After Ming Di's death, Cao Rui collected more than 100 works for it, Sui Shu? There are 30 volumes of Jing Ji Zhi, Ode to Lienv 1 volume, and 5 volumes of Painting Praise. But it was originally hidden in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Cao Zijian 10, a six-year edition of Jiading, Southern Song Dynasty, has 206 poems, poems and essays. The Ming Dynasty, Wang Shixian and Zhang Yan each carved Chen Ji, which was based on the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Ding Yan's Comments on Cao Jiquan and Zhu's Textual Research on Cao Jikao were revised and revised in detail, and many missing sentences were added, which were two complete and precise works. Huang Jie has Cao Zijian's Poetry Talk, Cao Zhi's Poetry Talk in ancient times, and Zhao Youwen's Cao Zhi Collation today.