(a) Fu Guyuan grass farewell
(Tang) Bai Juyi
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
translate
How lush the long grass is. It is thick in autumn and winter every year.
Ruthless wildfires can only burn dry leaves. When the spring breeze blows, the earth is green.
Weeds and wild flowers spread and flooded the ancient road, and the end of the grass under the bright sun is your journey.
I once again sent away my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
To annotate ...
Ford: Write poems with ancient poems or idiom propositions. There is usually the word "fu" in front of a poem. This is a way for ancient people to learn to write poems, or to write poems on different topics at literati gatherings, or to write poems on topics in imperial examinations, which is called "Fu Yi".
Separation: the appearance of lush grass.
As each season comes and goes: wither, wither. Rong, lush. Weeds flourish and wither once a year.
Honey, they are sweet on the road: Fang refers to the rich aroma of weeds. Fiona Fang: The fragrance of grass spreads everywhere. Invasion, occupation, full. The fragrant weeds in the distance have grown all the way to the ancient post road.
Green: the grassland is bright green.
Wang Sun: This refers to the descendants of nobles, and this refers to friends far away.
Lush: describes the appearance of lush vegetation.
(2) On the swimming pool
(Tang) Bai Juyi
A child propped up the boat and secretly picked the white lotus back.
He didn't know how to hide the trail. The duckweed on the water left a boat through the trail.
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A child punted and secretly picked white lotus.
He didn't know how to hide the trace. A boat crossed the duckweed on the water.
To annotate ...
1. Baby: boy or girl. Ship: Ship.
2. Bai Lianhua: Bai Lianhua.
3. Trace: refers to the duckweed that was rowed by the boat.
4. Duckweed: an aquatic plant with oval leaves floating on the water, fibrous roots under the leaves and white flowers in summer.
(3) Recalling Jiangnan
(Tang) Bai Juyi
The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
translate
How beautiful the scenery in Jiangnan is, the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. Spring is coming, the sun rises from the river, making the flowers on the river brighter than red, and the green river greener than blue grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
To annotate ...
(1) Recalling Jiangnan: the name of Tang. The author wrote in the caption: "This song is also called' Xie Qiuniang', with five sentences each." According to Yuefu poems, "A man named" Looking at Jiangnan "in" Recalling Jiangnan "was renamed" Good Jiangnan "because of the white words." In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it became a epigraph name. Jiangnan here mainly refers to Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
⑵ Familiarity (ān): Familiarity. The author has been to Jiangnan three times when he was young.
(3) River flowers: flowers by the river. I am talking about the waves in the river. Red is better than flame: bright red is better than flame.
(4) Green as blue: Green is greener than blue. For example, the usage is still "Yu", which means more than. Blue and blue grasses, whose leaves can be used to make blue-green dyes.
(4) Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple
(Tang) Bai Juyi
In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.
I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.
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In April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temple in the mountains have just opened.
I often regret that spring has gone nowhere to look, but I don't know that it has come here.
To annotate ...
⑴ Dalin Temple: It is said that it was built by Tan E, a monk in Jin Dynasty, and it is one of the Buddhist resorts in China.
(2) Human: refers to the flat village under Lushan Mountain. Fang Fei: A blooming flower can also refer to the beautiful spring scenery of flowers and plants. Exhaustion: refers to the withering of flowers.
(3) Mountain Temple: refers to Dalin Temple. Start: only; Just now.
(4) Long-term hatred: frequent regret. Chungui: Spring is back. Looking: looking.
5] I don't know: unexpected, unexpected. Turn: reverse. Among them: in this temple in the deep mountains.
Creation background
This poem was written in April of the 12th year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (8 17). Bai Juyi was Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) at the age of 46.
Regarding the writing of this poem, Bai Juyi has a Preface to You Dalin Temple for reference: "People, Yuanjixu, Henan, Middle School, Nanyang Zhi, Yu, An Dingliang, Zhang Shi, Tuolin Temple Shaman, Zhi Man, Shi Jian, Li Bian, Dao Shen, Dao Jian, Shen Zhao, Yun Gao, En Ci, Yan Fan seventeen. The forest is far away and inaccessible. Around the temple, there are many clean Cang Shi, short pine and thin bamboo. There are only wooden houses in the temple, and its monks are all Haidong people. The mountains are deep, the season is never late, and it is in Xia Yue. For example, in February, the peach blossoms are in early bloom, the grass is still short, and the personality climate is different from that of the flat settlements. If you didn't build a world when you first came here. Because of the slogan "Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple". Looking around the walls, I saw the names of Xiao Langzhong Village, Wei Langzhong Hong Jian and Li Bubu Bo, and Ji lamented,' This place is really the best in the world.' There is no half way from the post road to the mountain gate. Since Xiao, Wei and Li You traveled for 20 years, there has been no successor. Ha ha! So is the temptation of fame and fortune. On April 9th, in the 12th year of the reign of Yuan Dynasty, Bai Letian, Taiyuan made a preface. "
Bai Juyi, who was born as a scholar during the Tang Zhenyuan period, was awarded the post of secretary of the provincial school, and later went to collect the remains, which is a spring breeze. Who knows that during his career as a Beijing official for several years, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima by the court because of his outspoken suggestions. Bai Juyi, as Jiangzhou Sima, once faced with vicissitudes of life, we were all unhappy-to the ends of the earth, a pipa girl, in his poem Pipa Xing. This feeling of vicissitudes of life is naturally integrated into the artistic conception of this little poem, which gives the poem Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple a metaphorical color of vicissitudes of life.
(5) Mujiangzi Drink
(Tang) Bai Juyi
A sunset gradually sank into the river, half green and half green.
On the third night of September, the dew is like a pearl and the moon is like a bow.
translate
A sunset gradually sank into the river, and the river was half green and half brilliant red.
The loveliest thing is the night on the third day of September, which is as bright as pearls and crescent as a bow.
To annotate ...
(1) Poems written by the river at dusk. Yin, a form of ancient poetry.
(2) Sunset: the light of sunset. Also refers to the sunset glow.
⑶ Se Se: The original meaning is bright blue treasure, and here it means bright green.
(4) poor: cute. September 3 rd: the third day of the ninth lunar month.
5. Zhenzhu: Pearl. The moon is like a bow: on the third day of the ninth lunar month, the first quarter moon bends into a bow.
Creation background
This poem was written by Bai Juyi on his way to Hangzhou as a secretariat in the second year of Changqing (822). At that time, the court politics was dark, and the party struggle between Niu and Li was fierce. The poet tasted the taste of being an official and asked to go abroad. After leaving the imperial court, the author felt relaxed and carefree, so he wrote this poem.
Make an appreciative comment
Ode to Mujiang is one of Bai Juyi's "miscellaneous poems". The ingenious conception of the whole poem lies in taking two beautiful pictures of nature and combining them. One is the gorgeous scene of the sunset reflected on the river, and the other is the hazy night when the crescent moon rises and the dew is crystal clear. Both of them have their own beautiful scenery, and it is even more exciting to watch them together. Poets also add metaphors to their poems appropriately to make the scenery more vivid. Because this poem permeated the relaxed and happy liberation mood and personality of the poet after he left the court voluntarily, the whole poem became the artistic carrier of the poet's aesthetic psychological function in a specific situation.
The first two sentences are about the river at sunset. "A sunset is spreading in the water". The sunset shines on the river, but it means "spreading" instead of "taking pictures". This is because the "sunset" is very close to the horizon, almost touching the ground, and it really looks like it is "paved" on the river. The word "shop" also appears euphemistic and gentle, describing the unique softness of the autumn sunset, giving people a cordial and leisurely feeling. "Half the river is rustling, half the river is red", the weather is clear and windless, the river flows slowly, and there are tiny ripples on the river. The part that receives more light shows "red"; Where there is little light, there is dark blue. The poet grasped the two colors on the river, but showed the scene that the river was sparkling at dusk and the color changed rapidly in the sunset. Bai Juyi, a poet, indulged in it and put his joy in the description of the scenery.
The last two sentences are about the night scene when the new moon rises. The poet lingered until the early moon rose, the cool dew fell and a better realm appeared in front of him. The poet leaned down and saw the grass by the river covered with crystal dew. Dewdrops on the green grass are like pearls embedded in them. With the metaphor of "real pearl", not only the roundness of dew is written, but also the luster of dew shining under the new moon. The poet looked up again and saw a crescent moon Ran Ran rising, just like a delicate bow hanging in the blue sky. The poet condensed the two wonders of heaven and earth into a poem-"The dew is like a real pearl, and the moon is like a bow". From a crescent moon bent like a bow, the author remembered that it was "the third night of September", and could not help but blurt out his lovely praise for it, expressing his feelings directly, pushing his feelings to a climax and causing waves in his poems.
Through the description of the two visual images of "dew" and "moon", the poet created a harmonious and quiet artistic conception, and used this novel and ingenious metaphor to describe and color nature in detail, describe its capacity, draw its shape and show readers a wonderful picture. There seems to be a lack of time connection between describing the sunset river and praising the moon dew, but the night on the third day of September is invisibly connected with time, and it is connected with dusk, dew and the moon, which means that the poet enjoys it from dusk to the moon and contains the poet's love and love for nature.
In addition, the issue of time in this poem is also worthy of readers' attention. There are three different "times" in Mujiang Song. Through the above analysis, the first two sentences of Ode to Mujiang were written before sunset (briefly) or at sunset; The last two sentences are mainly written after sunset (short time), that is, dusk; The last two sentences also lead to a period of time in the evening. This is completely in line with the author's viewing order, that is, the author saw the sunset before sunset, the moon like a bow after sunset, and the dew like a real pearl at night. Most materials think that "the moon is like a bow" and "the dew is like a pearl" are seen by the author at the same time at night, writing in the sky before and writing underground after. In fact, this is because of the lack of common sense of astronomy and meteorology, ignoring the "time difference" between two natural phenomena. As mentioned above, the author saw "the third day of September" and "the moon is like a bow" shortly after sunset. At this time, because the sun has just set, the heat lost on the ground is not much, and the cool dew has not yet formed; By the time the night is "like a real pearl", the moon like a bow has sunk below the western horizon.