The development of composition teaching in primary schools in my country has roughly gone through a process from emphasizing "speech in an orderly manner" to "speech with substance" to "speech with emotion". For a long time, composition teaching training requires students to work hard on the structure and words of the article. By the 1980s, my country's small language circle began to realize that the orderliness of language comes from the order of observation and the logic of thinking. Composition teaching also emphasized starting from observation and content, emphasizing the development of students' observation and imagination abilities. and logical thinking ability. After the implementation of the new curriculum, my country's primary school composition teaching has experienced a "thriving and prosperous" situation. Thanks to the joint efforts of Chinese teachers and Chinese theoretical workers, the composition teaching field can be described as "a riot of colors and colors," with composition teaching in various styles and schools flourishing one after another. New ideas, new perspectives, new practices, and new experiences in primary school composition teaching are emerging one after another, and a gratifying situation has been formed in which the styles of the North and South, the schools of the East and the West, a hundred flowers blooming, and a hundred schools of thought contend. "Looking at it horizontally, it looks like a ridge and a peak on the side, with different heights from near to far." "Situational composition", "Happy composition", "Free composition", "Quick composition", "Personal composition", "Research series composition", "Communicative composition", "Combined reading and writing", "Fairy tale composition", "Science composition" "International composition", "dual-track composition", "life composition", "interesting composition", "art composition", etc., all of which are unique in their own way. Let me introduce you to some relevant information in order to provide some inspiration.
1. Situational composition
In the 1980s, Mr. Li Jilin, a special teacher in Jiangsu Province, created the theoretical system and operating system of situational education, and thus the situational composition teaching model came into being. The so-called situational composition is a composition style in which teachers intentionally or unintentionally use or create certain situations according to specific occasions to attract students' multiple senses, enable them to gain certain experiences, and then guide students to write. Based on my many years of practice, this kind of composition training effectively solves the problem of "making a meal without rice" when students write, and greatly stimulates students' interest in writing. Situational composition starts from the content of the composition. By creating scenarios, it adds students’ life experience and enriches students’ writing content. Teachers can create wonderful scenarios one after another in teaching. Different scenarios require different teaching strategies and teaching processes. All the same. However, situational composition always has its own inherent characteristics. Generally, the following mode can be adopted: 1. Set the topic to stimulate curiosity. For example, when the school bell rang, the teacher wrote on the blackboard the words "An egg cannot be broken with a hammer." Question marks immediately appeared in the students' minds. How could it be possible that an egg could not be broken by a hammer? ? Could it be an iron egg? ... As soon as the class started, the students were attracted by these questions, and their minds were racing in an instant. 2. Scenario demonstration to stimulate inquiry psychology. 3. Be informed and sensible, stimulating the "desire to vomit" mentality. 4. Communicate and collide to stimulate psychological enlightenment. Situational composition teaching advocates teachers to be guides, guide students, readers, and appreciate students; be friends, "discuss" with students; and coaches, provide guidance to students. Situational composition teaching changes from one-way lecture guidance to interactive communicative guidance, inspiring and promoting students' thinking development and cultivating students' creative abilities through mutual discussions and cooperation between teachers and students, and between students and students. Situational composition teaching focuses on the harmonious development of composition and life, and provides students with a democratic and active classroom situation, allowing students to personally experience and experience the whole process of composition.
2. Fairy tale composition
Fairy tale composition has become one of the important genres of composition teaching in primary schools in my country. As early as February 1989, Wu Ligang and others in Shanghai began the experiment of "writing fairy tale compositions in the form of cooperative teaching". In July 1990, Shi Mingui and others in Zhejiang carried out the experiment of "primary school students learning to write fairy tales". In the autumn of 1993, Hunan began to "write fairy tale compositions to guide Chinese literature". "Teaching Experiments" were all successful one after another. Fairy tale style composition is a composition form that is very popular among primary school students. In the actual teaching process, the following methods are often used to train children to write fairy tale compositions: 1. Thread the needle. It means that the teacher gives several small items, such as small toys, school supplies, daily necessities, etc., and asks students to connect them with an interesting fairy tale. 2. Draw inferences from one example. For example, a student discovered that morning glory resembled a trumpet, so he wrote an article "Morning Glory and Trumpet". Teachers use this to inspire students: Which plants around us have flowers, leaves or fruits that are like musical instruments? Students can then write new fairy tales. 3. Connect the past with the future. Add new plots based on known fairy tales and weave the stories downwards, making the plots of the known stories more twists and turns and the content more interesting. Such as the sequel "The Fox and the Crow". 4. Replace flowers and trees. That is to transfer certain characteristics of this thing to other things, or to give one thing the characteristics of other things. 5. Check for leaks and fill in the gaps. Guide students to discover shortcomings in real life, expand their imagination, use various methods and means to make up for it, and make things develop in the ideal direction. 6. Confusion of right and wrong. That is, using reverse thinking to write stories in reverse or unconventional ways. For example, write the powerful as weak, let the weak become strong, write the good as bad, let the bad become good... 7. Follow the results and ask the causes. That is, tracing the cause of something based on its outcome. This method is more suitable for writing some informative fairy tales. 8. Click on the picture to search for text. It refers to giving students one or several pictures and asking them to use their imagination to write an article with plot and interest.
9. Borrowing "sound" to produce "emotion". The "sound" here refers to the sound, and the "emotion" refers to the plot. This method is most suitable for children in lower grades. For example, the teacher plays a recording of animal sounds and asks the children to write fairy tales. 10. Innovate and innovate. Guide students to find imaginative points from familiar old stories, integrate their own ideas, and write brand-new stories based on their own personalities. For example, a new version of the story is written based on the classic idiom "The Tortoise and the Hare".
3. Happy composition
Happy composition means that students, under the guidance of teachers, fully express their happy mood in a pleasant and relaxed environment, and use certain words to express their happy experience. The language and words are poured into the pen, making the practice a part of their lives and their spontaneous and conscious actions, embodying the spirit of "writing is like the person", and truly achieving "my hand writes and my mouth". Happy composition teaching emphasizes stimulating interest in composition. Observe the situation, refine the key points, and write the true feelings; play the situation, experience the fun, and express your feelings; practice the situation, experience success, and develop. Happy Composition combines the teaching materials with the actual life and psychological characteristics of students, and follows the concept of "using games to imitate adult life" to design "themed practical inquiry activities" that can be closely integrated with the composition. Happy composition teaching activities are eclectic, encourage multiple types of composition, and fully reflect the personality of the composition. Efforts should be made to make the composition "diary-based" to reduce the difficulty of writing; to be "letter-based" to shorten the distance with real life; to be "poetry-based" to stimulate creative imagination; to be "class culture" in composition to enhance the understanding of the text.
Happy Composition is a brand-new composition class that uses games as a teaching method. It completely breaks the old model of propositional composition in the past, allowing children to easily obtain the two basic writing conditions of "grabbing life materials" and "generating passion for writing", allowing them to enter the beautiful palace of writing and opening up interesting and interesting things. The door to science. In recent years, Professor Li Baijian of Shanghai University has adopted the "Happy Composition Teaching Method" to achieve a beautiful state of "easy to write and happy to express" in composition teaching, quickly and effectively improving students' composition ability.
4. Language sense practice composition
Teacher Jia Zhimin, a special teacher in Shanghai, focuses on language sense practice, creates a simulated situation for composition teaching, and starts composition training by stimulating students' emotions and emotions. achieved impressive results. It is the only language sense practice composition method in our current small language world. The characteristic of Teacher Jia’s composition teaching design is: seize a keyword and let this keyword be combined in multiple ways in the rolling development, from words to sentences, from single sentences to complex sentences, from sections to paragraphs, and finally to Full article. This is the rolling and collision of words, just like an active chemical molecule, implementing multiple combinations in the rolling and collision. His composition teaching can be summarized in five words: high, interesting, true, lively and practical. High: The footing is high. Teacher Jia's "Teaching students composition is not to cultivate a few top students, nor to let students master the skills to cope with exams, but to make every student willing to write compositions, and to learn to be a good person, learn to think, and be down-to-earth through composition." Master the basic skills of language and writing. "Interesting: Based on students' psychological characteristics, following children's cognitive rules, teaching through fun, and stimulating students' interest in writing. True: Let students learn to observe and encourage students to write concretely and truthfully. His specific approach is to first guide students to write from "I"; secondly guide students to write from "we"; and thirdly guide students to write from "what I see, hear, and think about." The composition proposition is as close as possible to the students' actual life and age characteristics. Activity: First, break the whole into parts, so that students can learn to write a complete sentence, a part, and an object; secondly, gather the "zeroes" into whole, and gradually transition to writing a paragraph or an article. Practical: Do a solid job in composition training at all stages of primary school. The third grade focuses on sentence practice, the fourth grade allows students to practice chapters with beginnings, endings, and events, and the fifth grade focuses on training students’ ability to write independently.
5. Free composition
Wu Hongjun, a special teacher in Anhui Province, started the experiment of free composition teaching reform in 1983. In 1985, he wrote an article in the magazine "Primary School Teaching Research" and was the first to propose free composition in China. New ideas. Then there was a surge in free composition experiments across the country, and now this concept is written into the new "Chinese Curriculum Standards." "Free composition" is relative to "proposition composition". Free composition refers to composition exercises that are conducted freely by primary school students themselves, without others providing topics, materials, or needs. Free composition has six characteristics: free selection of materials, free conception, free topic formulation, free layout, free expression, and free revision. It emphasizes various forms of free writing. Such as: diary, weekly diary, essay, extracurricular writing practice, newspaper editing activities, etc. Free composition teaching follows the principles of mass reading and writing, the principle of independent composition, the principle of open feeling, the principle of personality promotion, the principle of thinking training, the principle of less revision and re-evaluation, the principle of independent revision, and the principle of encouragement and affirmation. Free composition teaching is a dynamic and open teaching system. Free composition requires scientific and effective guidance, and teachers are required to achieve "six guides and six things": Teacher guides the source → makes the exercise meaningful; teacher guides → makes the exercises orderly; teacher guides → makes it useful for students to open the book; teachers Guiding correction → making the exercises clear in mind; teachers’ guidance → making the exercises sound logical; teachers guiding practice → making the exercises useful for reference. Free composition has four major advantages: 1. Reduce students’ nervousness.
There is no time limit for free composition. Students' psychological pressure is reduced and they can write in a good state of mind. 2. Improve students’ interest in writing. 3. Cultivate students’ independent creativity. There are almost no restrictions on free composition, which greatly unleashes students' creativity, and some refreshing compositions appear in large numbers. 4. Show students’ personality and strengths. Free composition gives them the opportunity to express themselves, and the personalized language allows us to see a real and unique face.
6. Quick composition
Teacher Yang Chuchun, a special teacher in Hunan Province, began to conduct rapid composition teaching reform experiments in 1984, and has now been extended to 30 provinces and cities except Tibet and Taiwan. ,autonomous region. The rapid composition experiment represented by teacher Yang Chuchun is a wonder in the field of composition teaching. Teaching is mainly reflected in the word "fast". Students are trained to quickly review the topic, plan the layout of the article, establish the theme, and quickly write and review the article, so that they can complete an article of about 500 words within 40 minutes. Five steps for quick composition training: <1>Basic training: read more, write more, and combine reading and writing. ① Improve writing interest and cultivate writing emotions (educate the purpose of fast writing and understand the necessity of fast composition); ② Accumulate writing materials (typical, accurate, and memorize); ③ Enrich writing materials (endorse and strengthen extracurricular reading, learn public speaking) ; ④ Train writing skills (clear, standardized, and neat). <2>Thinking training: think more and analyze more, combine virtual and real. ① Establish a correct world view (study Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and master the basic principles of the two ideals "historical materialism and dialectical materialism"); ② Strengthen abstract thinking training (discussions, debates); ③ Carry out image thinking training (visits, interviews, and writing memoirs) ). <3> Writing speed training: strict requirements, time-limited composition. (5 minutes for reviewing the topic, conception, and layout of the article, 30 minutes for writing, and 5 minutes for revision) <4> Skills training: special guidance, combined with lectures and practice. (Fifteen methods for reviewing questions, ten methods for conceiving, four methods for writing, four methods for revising...) <5> Comprehensive training: time-limited composition to consolidate results. ① Comprehensive use of various expression methods (narrative, description, discussion, explanation, lyricism); ② Comprehensive training in each aspect of composition (topic review, conception, conception, writing, revision); ③ Various literary styles and various composition forms (propositions, propositions, Comprehensive training in topic selection, picture reading, materials, and self-writing). Four methods of rapid composition teaching: <1> Writing cycle time limit method: "Two high and one fast" means high speed, high efficiency and fast rhythm. <2> Instruct the actual method first and then the virtual method: write first and then comment. (Writing-Comment-Revision) <3> Review, browse and self-correction method: Teachers briefly browse and comment in time, and students modify themselves and each other. <4> Training step-by-step strengthening method: that is, strictly follow the five-step training. The teaching of rapid composition strengthens "write first and lead later" to train students' abilities such as quick thinking and different thinking. The correction process, evaluation, and feedback are fast, freeing teachers from the arduous task of correcting essays.
7. Research composition
Research composition teaching in primary school is an effective way to cultivate students’ “awareness of paying attention to and exploring life” and develop students’ “practical ability and innovation ability” Composition teaching. Its basic teaching model process is divided into four stages to guide students' research-based learning activities.
1. Enter the problem situation stage. In accordance with the requirements of research-based learning activities, at the beginning of teaching, by giving lectures, organizing study visits, conducting information exchanges, introducing cases, etc., we pave the way for background knowledge, activate students' original knowledge reserves, provide research scope, and stimulate research. Motivation, select issues that the entire class or group of students are interested in and have the ability to carry out research on.
2. Solve problems, have practical experience, and obtain composition materials. Guide students to independently search for information, read books, conduct field trips, visits, surveys, hands-on practices, record, compare, think, imagine, communicate and discuss, compare with the formulated purpose plan, solve problems, summarize and organize information, Works in various forms such as text, sound, and production are formed to record the practice process.
3. Written composition to organize your own research experience or results. Summarize, organize, summarize and refine what you or your group have gained through practice and experience, and form physical and written materials.
4. Whole class communication and presentation stage. Including: posting of research reports or research experiences (on a fixed location on the wall in the class), reading and communicating at a fixed time, publishing individual student, group and class research reports and research experience albums, recommended publications, etc.
8. Combining reading and writing composition
The "combining reading and writing" system of Guangdong Province special teacher Ding Youkuan is quite unique. He advocates reading as the basis, learning to write from reading, promoting reading through writing, highlighting the key points, reading more and writing more, focusing on students' reading and writing training, so as to achieve certain, orderly, a little, and method, so that Students are truly the masters of learning Chinese. Ding Youkuan's system of combining reading and writing can be summarized by the four "haves": "yes, orderly, a little bit, and method". (1) Some - seeking refinement from chaos and laying a solid foundation (2) Orderly - seeking order from chaos and training step by step. (3) A little bit - Huazhong is realistic and highlights key points. (4) There is a law - death is a matter of survival and is left to the laws.
Specific to the composition method, there are four key points: First, four thoughts: (1) Think about the center of the article; (2) Think about the materials that express the center of the article; (3) Think about the title of the article; (4) ) Think about the layout of the article. Second and third drafting: (1) Draft the title; (2) Draft the outline; (3) Draft the priorities. Third, second writing: (1) write a good manuscript; (2) transcribe the composition. Fourth, one more: multiple modifications. ⑦ Reading and writing combined learning method: (1) Learn from reading to solve problems, combine with writing to practice reviewing and drafting questions; (2) Learn from reading to summarize the center, and combine with writing to practice how to express the center: (3) Learn from reading to segment and Summarize the meaning of the paragraph, and prepare a writing outline based on the composition; (4) Differentiate the priority of the article from reading, and practice how to arrange the details in conjunction with composition; (5) Capture the key paragraphs of the article from reading, and practice how to highlight the center in conjunction with composition; (6) Learn to evaluate texts from reading, and practice self-correcting compositions in combination with writing; (7) Learn how the author observes things from reading, and practice observation methods in combination with writing. Ding Youkuan's reading and writing combined with composition teaching method is a "golden key" for students to master the rules of Chinese learning.
9. Scientific experimental compositions
The scientific experimental compositions represented by Mr. Zhang Huawan, a special teacher from Zhejiang Province, are unique in the country and have high visibility and reputation. He advocated abandoning the traditional concept of knowledge-based, focusing on human development, respecting students' rights to independent development and personality differences, and carrying out serious and effective composition teaching reforms. It advocates "paying attention to the true nature of human nature and developing children's language", advocates "stimulating motivation for communication and moving towards goal completion", and pursues "cultivating interests and habits and promoting lifelong development". Its main teaching strategy is to guide, promote and actively encourage students' personalized thinking through interesting scientific experiments, strive to respect students' personalized experience, and constantly guide students' personalized expression. Scientific experiment composition guides students to "think from the perspective of the experimental process, from the perspective of their own emotions, from the perspective of their own perceptions, and from the impression given by the teacher." Options and propositions Let go, students will have different moods when hearing the same question; students will have different impressions in the same composition class. "The same experiment has different experiences, the same experiment has different themes and propositions, and the same proposition has different centers and expressions." "It provides favorable conditions and broad space for students' independent writing, and reduces the constraints on students' writing." Everyone has expression Students write freely, freely and freely, with the desire to write freely, and bright sparks of thinking flash from time to time. It is conducive to stimulating students' interest in writing, it is conducive to cultivating students' cooperative inquiry spirit, and it is conducive to cultivating students' scientific attitude. Scientific experimental compositions should reflect students' dominant position.
10. Personalized composition
"Chinese Curriculum Standards" puts forward the idea of ??personalized composition teaching. Personalized composition has the richness of narrative content, the diversity of expression forms, the authenticity of expressing emotions, the reality of reflecting problems, and the uniqueness of literary style. The practice and exploration of personalized composition teaching has been carried out across the country.
The teaching principles of personalized composition: 1. The principle of innovation. 2. The principle of subjectivity. 3. The principle of mobility. Understand life in life activities, express true feelings and insights in writing practice, 4. The principle of integrity. So that composition ability, Chinese literacy and overall human development can be harmoniously developed. Teaching strategies for personalized composition: (1) Diversified thinking training. Guide students to select, conceive, and develop ideas about the same subject from different angles, directions, viewpoints, and levels, strive to be unique, novel, and distinctive, and write compositions with different contents and full of personality. (2) Multi-form expression training. Such as changing stylistic forms, changing character narratives, and changing structural patterns. (3) Multiple types of exercise training. If there is no theme exercise to practice writing (keep writing in a diary and take reading notes); start imaginative exercises (such as continuing to write essays, listening to music essays, drawing essays, seeing things and imagining essays, learning to write science fiction stories, learning to write fairy tales, fables, etc.) ; There are theme exercises guidance. (Capture festivals, activities composition, experimental composition); special topic composition guidance. Such as organizing and guiding primary school students to visit, collect information, and process and organize the information. Or let students practice writing about all the members of their family, or teachers and classmates in the class, and describe the characters in the form of biographies. (4) Pay attention to evaluation, organize self-evaluation and mutual evaluation through "Appreciation of Excellent Works" and other forms, and organize everyone to comment on what is good, so that students can gain a successful experience and stimulate their positive emotions to write again. Personalized compositions can stimulate students' interest in composition and enable students to write freely: the same subject matter has different intentions; the same center has different material selections; the same content has different expressions. Let the students' compositions present the situation of "a ridge when viewed horizontally and a peak on the side" and "heavy makeup and light makeup are always suitable", giving the composition the spirituality of life.
11. Life composition
Life composition focuses on directing students’ attention to natural life, school life, family life, and social life, and guides students to be thoughtful people who accumulate materials. Its teaching strategy has three points:
1. Enter life and enrich the material library. 1. Guide students to observe life with society as the background. Such as observing the work performance of people from all walks of life: such as police directing traffic, doctors enthusiastically treating patients, teachers caring and loving students, and classmates being friendly and helpful... 2. Use activities as a carrier to organize students to participate in life.
For example, organize students to hold parties and entertainment parties in conjunction with major festivals...Organize students to have outings, visit factories, and go deep into the countryside...3. Use practice as an opportunity to guide students to experience life. Such as planting flowers, plants and trees to let them understand the growth process of plants; raising insects, fish, birds and animals to understand the living habits of animals; participating in housework and public welfare work to experience the taste of labor...
2. Describe life, Compose colorful rainbows. 1. Start from the beginning and lay a solid foundation. In the teaching, these types of sketches are specifically captured: object sketch, plant sketch, animal sketch, scenery sketch, scene sketch, appearance sketch, action sketch, language sketch, and psychological sketch. 2． Divide the line into the track and master the writing method. For example, when writing about a person, you can write about a person through one thing, or through several things; you can express one aspect of the character's characteristics, or you can express several aspects of the character's characteristics. Allow students to express themselves freely, without being restricted by textbook requirements or dictated by teachers. They can draft their own topics, customize their genres, and choose their own content. The form should be diversified, the materials adapted to daily life, and the language adapted to children.
3. Create life and show a new world. Like looking at objects and making associations. Show "a photo" and "a certificate of honor", and then inspire them to ask questions, imagine the cause, process, and results of what happened, and finally write an independent document. Another example is designing characters, designing team activities, designing newspapers, designing clothes, designing furniture, designing houses... By using their eyes, ears, hands, and brains, they not only bring out the students' intelligence, but also allow them to enrich their lives and beautify them. Live, create life.
12. Art composition
The so-called art composition is a form in which primary school students choose the best artistic conception and scene from the article and match it with appropriate illustrations during the writing process. and methods. The teaching form and method of art composition is a new teaching model for students to improve their creative quality during the activities of writing and drawing. The specific method is to let students appreciate some excellent literary works, excellent illustrations in Chinese textbooks, and excellent art composition assignments, mainly to understand how these works, articles and paintings are matched and connected. In writing a good composition, seek to express the artistic conception of the composition, and clarify the format of the combination of pictures and texts in the art composition and the form of expression of painting. During the art composition training, students can use the form of classroom discussion, focusing on the creative artistic conception of the composition and the choice of expression methods for the illustrations, giving full play to students' initiative in the learning process until they complete the classroom practice of matching text and pictures.
13. Science and technology composition
Science and technology composition refers to starting from the instrumental and humanistic nature of Chinese, finding the convergence between Chinese and other disciplines, and grafting the content of other disciplines through various forms to achieve Exchanges and communication with other disciplines, mutual penetration and integration of different contents and methods to broaden horizons and improve writing ability. Interdisciplinary composition starts with the following three forms. The first is a small documentary. The combination of painting and writing: refers to the combination of composition class and art class. Combining speaking and writing: In elementary school ideological and moral education classes and social studies classes, there are usually "speaking" homework assignments after class, such as "Think about it and talk about it" and "Talk about it." The second is the combination of writing and writing: in primary schools, there are usually homework that students are required to "do" after class in the ideological and moral education classes and labor classes. For such homework questions, teachers can also ask students to continue writing about what they have done. The third is a small review. For example, in the text of the "Ideology and Morality" class, in order to explain a principle of life, most of them first introduce a very touching story to the students. After reading these vivid stories, students will not be indifferent, and they will definitely be able to relate it to the reality around them or their own reality. , a lot of thoughts arose. At this time, it is easier for students to write some thoughts after reading. Interdisciplinary composition is not only the integration of composition classes with other subjects, but also the deepening and expansion of learning in other subjects. Squeezing "writing" into the classroom will definitely make composition teaching and the teaching of other subjects complementary and complement each other.
14. Multimedia combination composition
Multimedia combination guides primary school students' composition, which is to use multimedia combination composition classroom to organically combine various elements in the teaching process to optimize multiple media combination, so that the classroom teaching structure can function optimally. Common practices include: (1) Audio-visual guidance, that is, using video to introduce new lessons. (2) Example text analysis, that is, using projection and video to guide students to analyze and learn from example texts. (3) Guide observation, guide students to use the methods learned in the "Example Analysis" link to observe (either physical objects or video), and analyze and organize the observation results orally. Multimedia combination teaching introduces modern teaching media into the composition teaching classroom and promotes the modernization of composition teaching. However, this is an exploratory process of teaching reform, and there are still many issues that need further research and improvement.
15. Dual-track composition
"Dual-track composition" is also called the "dual-track operation of mass reading and writing" teaching experiment. It is guided by the "big Chinese teaching concept", uses extensive reading and writing as teaching methods, emphasizes the integration of inside and outside the classroom, gives full play to students' initiative, and greatly improves the quality of primary school Chinese teaching. The "dual-track" of "dual-track operation" refers to the dual-track of literacy, the dual-track of reading (including in-class reading and extra-curricular reading), the dual-track of listening and speaking, and the dual-track of homework (a combination of in-class exercises and free exercises). "Dual-track composition" refers to reading composition, which is what we usually call "reading notes". The second refers to life composition, specifically referring to observing life and practicing composition. The lower grades (grades 1 and 2) mainly focus on picture composition; the middle and high grades (grades 3 to 5) focus on quick composition.
Reading composition and life composition constitute a dual track, closely integrated and complementary to each other, and jointly complete the task of improving students' expression ability. This is the new dual-track operation system.
16. Communicative composition
Communicative composition is an effective model of composition based on the concept of humanization under the new curriculum standards. In communicative composition, the connotation of communication is mainly "oral communication" and "written communication", and oral communication is the basic goal and the prelude to the process, which can provide situational resources and multi-dimensional levels for communicative composition. The true realization of the goal of "communicative composition" lies in the implementation of "written communication". The specific operations can be summarized as follows: Step 1: Introduce passion, condense and express it. Teachers should reveal the value of the composition in a concise, comprehensive and vivid way, clarify the motivation of the composition, and play an interest-oriented role. Step 2: Create scenes and connect life. Relying on life, every cell of students' lives should be in a state of excitement, and then lead students into the palace of life, immersing themselves in the scene, observing, feeling, and understanding, and finally awakening their minds and flourishing their personalities. In this step, you can listen to stories, watch exhibitions, watch performances, etc. Step 3: Multi-directional communication and timely evaluation. This is the "heart" of communicative composition, and its job is to collect, screen, and accumulate materials. And oral communication has its own rules to follow. It can be moved from a few to small groups to large groups and finally to the whole class, allowing students to integrate multiple aspects of information through multiple channels. Step 4: Practice writing with passion and achieve motivation. This link is a way for students to express their true feelings in "written communication". Sometimes students are physically and mentally involved, and some even express emotional words like gurgling mountain springs, which are astonishing and shocking. This link includes conception, outline drafting, etc. Step 5: Modify, process, read and evaluate. Based on the concept of humanization, focusing on encouragement, I believe that every student can succeed, let the collective share the joy of success, and find ways and means to correct deficiencies in the composition (such as looking at the title, looking at the beginning, looking at the theme, looking at the transition, looking at the details , looking at characters and scenery, etc.) to further improve the overall writing level. The methods can be: mutual evaluation and sharing of feelings; students' self-correction and summary reflection; teachers' evaluation and correction to get to the point.
17. Funny Compositions
Funny Compositions are the "Funny Compositions for Primary School Students" that Ms. Shi Xiurong, a Ph.D. in Education from Beijing Normal University and an MBA from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, has been researching for 20 years and carefully explored and summarized. "Interesting Composition" teaching method. Its teaching model has five points: 1. Picture-based: The key link of "conception" is adopted as the "conception diagram" method, with clear ideas, clear framework, concrete and easy to implement. 2. Garden style: The teacher is like the host, guiding the students to swim in each happy "game", and the students are never tired of it and are full of interest. 3. Experiential type: Use an experiential method to write essays. From life to life, students can express their feelings, reveal their true feelings, and never feel tired. 4. One draft and two compositions: Students write each composition twice. The first time is the first draft. After the review, the first draft is regarded as a "patient". The teacher teaches the students how to be a "doctor". The students perform a re-creative "copying and revising" style to write the final draft, strive to be high-quality, and compile it into a volume. 5. Emphasis on innovation and individuality: Every writing training is not only the training of language expression, but also emphasizes the promotion of students' good personality and the cultivation of innovative thinking. We will never formalize or frame writing, but give full play to students' potential, such as the arrangements of "Innovative Composition Suggestions" and "Free Creation Park". In the interesting composition class, Teacher Shi took the students to taste the "Food Garden" and appreciate the literary grace of the masterpieces in the reading of classic fragments; they missed the "Gift Room" and accumulated beautiful words in the interesting learning; they were guests in the "Chat Room" , learn how to write the atmosphere of the event in the dialogue; travel to the "Happy Camp" and enjoy the joy of success in the experiment of boiling water in paper cups; practice the "Creation Park", and the interesting compositions make students feel fresh and new. Teacher Shi's interesting compositions have the characteristics of inheritance, effectiveness, cutting-edgeness, and service. It is a composition learning method that is loved by students and teachers.