Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, the second son of an outstanding family. His full name is Oscar Finger O 'Flaherty Wells Wilde. His father William Wilde is a surgeon, and his mother Jane Wilde is a poet and writer.
After graduating from Trinity College in Dublin, Wilde won a scholarship and entered Magdalen College in Oxford University on 1874. In Oxford, Wilde was influenced by the aesthetic thoughts of walter pater and john ross King, and was exposed to the works of Neo-Hegelian philosophy, Darwin's theory of evolution and Pre-Raphael school, which set the direction for him to become a pioneer writer of aestheticism.
After the publication of his first book of poems, he began to emerge in the literary world and came to London for development. Although the young Wilde has never won a literary prize, he is famous in London society for his striking clothes, witty remarks and maverick, and some magazines even published articles satirizing him.
1882, Wilde gave a wonderful lecture tour in America. Two years later, he married constance Lloyd, and his two sons Cyril and vivienne were born in 1885 and 1886 respectively.
[Editor] After marriage
From 65438 to 0887, Wilde became the executive editor of a women's magazine and published some of his novels, comments and poems in the magazine. Wilde's works are famous for their colorful words, novel ideas and distinctive views. His first novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, was published in 189 1 year, and then he published his prose, The Soul of a Socialist. Both works were very successful, but it was Wilde's plays that really won him fame. It can be said that each of his plays has been warmly welcomed. At one time, three of his plays were staged in London at the same time. His well-produced plays are called the best comedies since Xie Lidan's Gossip College.
/kloc-in the Victorian era at the end of 0/9, the conflict between old and new fashions in British upper class was fierce. Wilde's liberal style and bold political style soon made him a victim of this conflict. 1895, the Marquis of queensberry was killed by his Lord Alfred Douglas; ; The relationship between the pseudonym "Bosie" and Wilde led to the disagreement between father and son, and publicly denounced Wilde as a sodomite (the concept of "homosexuality" had not yet emerged at that time).
In this regard, the angry Alfred told Wilde to appeal immediately, accusing the Marquis of ruining his reputation. As a result, Wilde failed to appeal and was accused of "committing serious indecency with other men". According to part 1 1 of Britain's harsh criminal law amendment at that time, Wilde was found guilty and served two years of hard labor in Reading Prison and Bentonville Prison. In the past two years, Wilde stopped his drama creation and wrote a poem "Song of Reading Prison" and a collection of letters "Letters from the Abyss" in prison. In these two works, his style has changed, and it is difficult to find the influence of aestheticism. During Wilde's imprisonment, his wife constance and two children changed their surnames to Holland and moved to Italy, but most of his friends in the social and literary circles avoided him. Only a few people, such as playwright Bernard Shaw, still support him.
After 1897 was released, Wilde immediately set off for Paris. He is extremely disappointed in Britain and no longer has the slightest nostalgia. Later, he tried to get back together with constance for his two children, but Alfred also expressed his desire to get back together with Wilde. In the end, Wilde gave up his two children and chose Alfred. Wilde completed and published Reading Prison Songs while living in France under an assumed name, and then traveled with Alfred. But a few months later, the two broke up again.
1900, Wilde finally converted to Catholicism with the help of his good friend Robert Robbie Ross. In the same year165438+1October 30th, he died in Paris Alsace Hotel (H? Tel d 'Alsace) died at the age of 46, and only Robbie was with another friend when he died. His graveyard in Paris was carved into a small sphinx according to the image in his poetry collection "The Sphinx".
[Editor] Comments of later generations
At the end of the 20th century, after being smeared for nearly a century, Britain finally gave Wilde the honour of standing as a statue. 1998165438+1On October 30th, the statue of Wilde by Maggie hamlin was unveiled in Adelaide Street near Trafalgar Square in London. The name of the statue is "Dialogue with Oscar Wilde", and it is engraved with a quotation often quoted by Wilde: "We are all in the ditch, but some of us are looking up at the stars in the sky." We are all in the gutter, but some people are looking up at the stars. )
Wilde's trial is one of the most striking cases in the history of British justice, and it is also one of the most cited cases in the history of gay affirmative action. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 20th century, when homosexuality was no longer regarded as heresy and was generally accepted, he became a cultural idol of the gay community.
[Editor] Representative Works
[editor] novel
Photo of Dorian Gray (189 1).
[Edit] Fairy Tales Collection
Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888).
Pomegranate House (Pomegranate House, 189 1 year)
[Editor] Poetry
Poetry (Poetry, 188 1 year)
Sphinx (Sphinx, 1894)
Ballads of Reading Prison (1898)
[edit] script
Vera (Vera, 1880)
Mrs. Windermere's fan (1892). Mrs. Windermere's fan, a fan of a rich family).
Duchess of Padua (1893).
Salome (Salome, 1893) (originally in French)
An unimportant woman (1892)( 1893 premiered at the Royal Hay Market Theatre).
The importance of being earnest (1895). Also translated as "No Child's Play")
Ideal husband (ideal husband, 1895). Translate "Good Husband" again)
[Editor] Other Works
Prose Collection: Human Soul under Socialism (189 1 year). )
Letters: De Profundis (1897). He also translated "From the Deep" and "Wilde's Prison Records", originally written by the author to Douglas, published after the author's death 1905).
Appreciation: The Nightingale and the Rose is a fairy tale written by Oscar Wilde, a famous British writer, dramatist and poet, for his children. Oscar Wilde 1854 was born in a noble family in Berlin, Germany. He graduated from Oxford University in England. He is a British genius who is as famous as Bernard Shaw in the 0/9 th century. He died in a foreign land in France on 1900 at the age of 46. Wilde wrote many works in his life, and many people think that his fairy tales can be compared with Andersen's works. However, it is such a talented person who was found to be gay at the peak of his career, spurned by the world and died of depression. After his death, his works were excavated by his sons from the long flowing history, sorted out and published, and spread widely.
The Nightingale and the Rose is a romantic love story full of tragedy: a young student falls in love with the daughter of a school professor. The girl told the students that if he could send her a red rose on the day of the dance, she would agree to be his partner. The boy cried because he couldn't find a red rose in the ice and snow. His sadness and helplessness touched a little nightingale. The kind nightingale traded her life for the opening of the red rose-the nightingale was still singing, singing the seeds of love, and the innocent love of boys and girls at the moment when the spikes of the rose tree pierced its heart. Its song touched the whole mountain forest and even the moon, lingering in the clouds for a long time. So in that cold season, a rose condensed with love and blood bloomed at the top of the rose tree before dawn. What a unique rose!
After the boy woke up in the morning, he reached out and picked the beautiful red roses outside the window and ran to the girl in ecstasy. However, the professor's daughter returned the rose to the students and frowned and said, "I'm afraid it doesn't match my clothes." The nephew of the court minister gave me some precious jewels. Everyone knows that jewelry is more valuable than flowers. "
So the beautiful red rose, which the nightingale bought with her life, was thrown to the ground by the students. A carriage passed by on the highway, crushing delicate flowers and fragile love at the same time.
Students go back to the dormitory, and finally books, philosophy and metaphysics.
"Jewelry is more valuable than flowers", in other words, money is more important than love! In this work, Wilde reveals some ugly human nature. Wilde's own tragedy lies in his pursuit of aestheticism, which can only exist in mythology or ancient Greece, so his behavior will be out of tune with society and will be rejected by society.
I, Rainbow Deere, have a widely circulated saying: I have nothing to say except my talent. -A confident man.
In The Portrait of Gray, Wilde mentioned in the preface: There is no moral or immoral difference between books, only the difference between well-written and poorly written, and that's all. -A gifted scholar who pursues pure literature.
Like my brother Leslie Cheung, I like Wilde. Both of them were born for art. It is good to appreciate the happiness brought by these talented people. Why do you have to dig up the privacy behind others? Even if you find out the privacy, you can't agree with it. Why can't we treat it with tolerance? After all, this is someone else's private affair, and it has not infringed on others' interests. Why, why do we kill some beautiful ideas with spit or even behavior? In our materialistic society, after all, aestheticism and romance are running out. ...
Date of writing: ominous, roughly inferred to be around 1888.