What is the main content of Li Shangyin's poems?

Li shangyin (about 8 13~ 858) was the most accomplished poet in the late Tang dynasty. The word Yishan was named Huosheng and Fan Nansheng, originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou, and later moved to Xingyang, Zhengzhou. History calls Li Shangyin "chanting at the age of five, writing an inkstone at the age of seven". Involved in the "Niu Li Party Struggle", with the gains and losses of the two parties ups and downs, it is impossible to display their talents. However, this miserable life also made a poet, which made him create a peak in the field of poetry that future generations could not reach. In his later years, the poet vaguely felt that the future of the Tang Dynasty was hopeless and his thoughts gradually collapsed. It was during this period that Li Shangyin created a large number of untitled poems and historical poems with hazy artistic conception, forming his own unique style. His works are included in the Collected Works of Li Yishan.

Li Yishan's Collected Works, also known as Fan Nan's Collected Works, mainly includes Li Shangyin's poems.

Li Shangyin's poems reflect the extreme poverty of the people in the late Tang Dynasty, the overlapping contradictions within the regime, and the critical situation, especially the praise of the poet's own life experience, which shows the anguish and indignation of intellectuals. The specific content can be divided into the following three aspects:

Record the process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expose the arrogance of the rulers and the contradictions and struggles within the ruling group. For example, "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" describes a desolate rural scene: "There is a long oak tree in Gaotian and a long hazel tree in Xiatian. Agricultural tools were abandoned by the roadside, and hungry cows died in empty docks. Even after crossing the village, ten rooms are gone. The survivors are embarrassed and have no clothes to welcome guests. " "Following the Teacher" focuses on the disastrous consequences of the three-year anti-Li war. Longtan and Li Shan Qing satirize the ugly behavior of occupying his daughter-in-law, while Two Poems of Ma Wei, Huaqing Palace and Sixiandun criticize An Lushan and Li for indulging in debauchery and ignoring state affairs.

The obituary of someone's bleak life experience. For example, in Untitled (Where is Zheng Ai), the poet used the contrast between the early marriage of aristocratic girls and the failure of poor old women to get married, reflecting the sorrow of the poor; Two poems, Untitled (Your Carefree Home has Many Curtains) and Deep Palace, use fragrant laurel leaves as metaphors for the outstanding knowledge and talents of poor scholars, use Ganoderma lucidum and Luo Yin as metaphors for their low status and lack of promotion by superior officials, and use hurricanes and storms as metaphors to destroy their dark forces, thus profoundly and elegantly venting their inner pain and resentment.

Untitled love poems ("It was a long time before I met her, but longer after we separated") are one of the representative works. This poem describes a kind of love that can't be realized because of external forces, but it is also a kind of love that would rather bear all the pain and sacrifice for it. "I have known her for a long time, but we have been apart for a long time, and the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming. Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song. There is no way to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! "The poet vividly shows persistent yearning, unyielding pursuit, indomitable will and the burning fire of hope in despair.

Li Shangyin lived in the cracks of politics all his life. The party struggle between Niu and Li brought great obstacles to the political life of ordinary officials at that time. The poet also wants to serve the motherland, but under political pressure, he can't say anything but express it implicitly in poetry.

The main artistic feature of Li Shangyin's poems is that he is good at expressing layers of ideological content tactfully and tortuous, which also makes some of his works difficult to understand. Untitled is the representative of this kind of poetry. Poets combine satirical content with euphemistic and graceful forms to express their ideals and views on social politics. Li Shangyin is also good at describing fresh and beautiful poems with line drawing, and attaches great importance to using allusions. The poem "The night ape in the maple tree is sad, and the girl is invited" in Chu Palace uses the meaning of Qu Yuan's poem, which is well said.

Based on the real love experience, Li Shangyin pays attention to the delicate depiction of emotional psychology and the careful creation of artistic conception. The love he describes is all tragic love. In the conflict with the objective reality environment and the emotional entanglement between lovers, the hero's ideal pursuit, loyalty, persistent will and lingering feelings are extremely touching. It not only reflects the oppression and destruction of human nature in the past, but also becomes a sad song and ode to the lofty and beautiful feelings of mankind. "When the silkworm dies, the candle at night will burn its wick", a sad poem, is the strongest sound of Li Shangyin's love poems. Its transcendental sensory satisfaction and the pursuit of spiritual harmony have improved the aesthetic taste of ancient love poems. Its unique and strong tragic emotion contains profound social and life connotations. This sentiment is similar or similar to the poet's persistent situation that his ideal and ambition can't be realized but under the pressure of reality. But even so, it is first of all a love poem, moved by lingering feelings.

Li Shangyin is an original poet. Predecessors used the words "Bao Mi Yun Zhi", "Affectionate Mianmiao" and "Deep Wave Li Jue" to describe its unique style. At the peak of Du Li's poems, among the colorful poems of hundred schools of thought in the middle Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's poems opened up a new world of misty poetry with such profound and graceful melody and exquisite and elegant style, and made important contributions to the development of China's classical poetry. He also creatively wrote poems in parallel prose, paying attention to dual temperament and official morality, which had a great influence on later generations.