Suitable for life, also suitable for death.
The soul rides on harmony, but it feels no end.
How to mount Ji, how to choose the east city.
Kuang this one hundred years, far from JiShuZi.
Life belongs to heaven, too, and you are a ghost.
Since Buddhism was introduced to China in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it has gradually combined with China's traditional ideas (such as Confucianism and Taoism), which has influenced all fields of social culture, especially the thoughts of literati. The literati and gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were not only good at learning from Laozi and Zhuangzi, but also willing to talk about Buddhism and integrate into poetry. Just as the article "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" quoted the cloud "Continued Jinyang Autumn": "At the beginning, Wang Bi talked about the achievements of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi, and the world was more expensive. To cross the river, Buddhism still makes sense, so Guo Pu's five words began to rhyme with Taoist words. (Xu) Inquiring about Sun Chuo's changing ancestors in Taiyuan, and adding the words of three generations (according to Buddhism, the past, present and future are three generations), the poetry is exhausted. " Foreign thoughts have washed away the banks of traditional poetics and produced many works that are contrary to the poetic style. Unfortunately, most of these poems translated into Buddhism, like Confucian classics, were deleted by later generations because of boredom. It is probably reasonable to spread it to the present, and it is not very mysterious. Although there are three words in this dying poem, it is not about Buddhism. Because it is the author's masterpiece, the so-called "birds want to die, their songs are also sad, people want to die, and their words are also good", which reveals the author's infinite inner feelings and complex feelings of self-indignation, and is worth reading.
At the beginning of the poem, the author talks about the theory of life and death, and the author has no sorrow of dying. Buddhism believes that everything in the world and the human body are composed of "four big", which refer to four colors (earth, water, fire and wind). The gathering and dispersion of the "Big Four" caused the birth and death of everything in the world. So the scripture said, "I am in this body now, and the four are harmonious ... and the four are separate." Where should I be today? " Such a process of gathering, dispersing and birth and death has neither a beginning nor an end. Everything in life is in such an impermanent chain, so there is no sorrow of human life and death. This is the basic view of Buddhism on life. This is what Shen said in the first four sentences of Whirling. It is precisely because of the Buddhist outlook on life that the author temporarily got rid of the sadness of dying and sang "peace of mind, endless", and his heart was in an indifferent spiritual realm beyond life and death and carefree.
However, the author is mortal after all, and the Buddhist principle of life and death did not bring him to nirvana. This is because his death is not the death of a monk named Saman, but the murder of your child. Shi Shuo Xin Yu quoted Pei's Qin Shu as saying:' The prodigal son is eloquent, and Fu Jian is obedient to his brothers and sons, bold and cautious, and determined in all his plans. He often said:' My home is thousands of miles away. ... dozens of "Confucius", covering Zhuangzi and others. Lang was too proud to let him live in the world, and later people slandered him and killed him. "So, the last six sentences of the whole poem tell the author's sadness about the impermanence of life and the fate of the day when he was in trouble." Two sentences, "How does Ji Shanfu feel, how does the East City rise", show that this kind of mood "How" is a helpless word. "Poetry" has: "How, how, how much to forget yourself." Used at the beginning of a sentence, it is difficult to see its sorrow. Throughout his life, the author has no sympathy for state affairs, regards himself as a hermit and a wise man, and thinks that he has a comprehensive plan. However, the disaster did not follow immediately, and he was finally killed by the crime. Living in such a feuding society, the impermanence of life is not only the reincarnation of life and death, but also the rapid change of good and bad luck. The author's lofty dance and idealistic Buddhism can make him look at the end of life philosophically, but can't make him understand the reasons for the evolution of fate, so the word "how" contains the author's inexplicable sadness. "Ji Fu Shan" is used as a synonym for hermit. Legend has it that during Yao's reign, he avoided Mount Ji (so their address is now Heshun, Shanxi) and refused to come out as an official. Later generations took Mount Ji as a code of seclusion. Unexpectedly, How to Vote was a disaster. "Dongshi" was originally the execution place of Chang 'an in the Han Dynasty, and was later called the execution ground. The author compared himself to Chao Fu and Xu You all his life, but failed to live in seclusion and suddenly went to a strange place. I can't help but suddenly realize: "This century is too far from my uncle." He claimed to be negligent all his life, and his experience was met by Ji Kang, who was equally talented and highly appraised. Ji Kangzi was killed for offending Sima's family. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" records that he "sentenced the east city, shared the same spirit, played the piano and played Guangling San". The author tries to trace back to the legendary sages, but he is just like the celebrities of the previous dynasties. In a politically dark society, there is no vacuum in life, and Ji Kang's experience is their reasonable destination. Therefore, although these four sentences of "how" are only the writer's personal sorrow, they show the same tragedy as celebrities.
In the past, the author could not live in the world, but would flow in the underworld. "Life belongs to heaven, and it is entrusted to the dead." In the last two sentences, the author sighed helplessly. "Shu Wei" is attached to Yang Gu's "Yan Yi Fu": "It's annoying to listen to heaven and trust it." If you walk with the sky, God can't see you, and your life is in the paradise of the west, beyond the suffering of life and death. This kind of mental anesthesia of self-deception can't hide his deep attachment to the world.
The whole poem is full of the author's complicated feelings of infinite worry and self-mourning. The author follows the subtlety of Buddhism, but he can't get rid of his persistence in life. Theoretically, a poet can hold a philosophical attitude towards human life and death from beginning to end, but in the face of the unfortunate experience in real life, it is difficult for him to send himself away and fall into deep sorrow. The whole poem truly shows the inner world of the author at his deathbed. It reflects the ideological contradiction between reason and emotion of those melodramatic celebrities at that time. By describing his innocent death, he also objectively exposed the cruelty and darkness of social politics at that time.
Compared with the previous generation's mourning poems, this poem is characterized by detachment and high spirits, although the author can't completely get rid of his attachment to life. However, this desperate poem no longer has irrational cramped sadness and panic mentality. Due to the introduction of Buddhism, it gave the scribes a new ideological pillar and made people at that time have a new understanding of the impermanence of life and death. Therefore, due to the anesthesia of Buddhist truth, the author's sadness when he was in trouble changed from desalination to detachment. Buddhism changed people's view of life and death at that time, and also opened up a new poetic mood, which is undoubtedly a very important phenomenon in the history of literature.
What needs to be explained is that the new artistic conception of poetry cannot violate the creative criteria of chanting emotions. Talking about Buddhism, quotations from Confucian classics without feelings cannot be called poems. Because religious anesthesia failed to completely relieve the author's mental pain before his death, the author is both reasonable and unforgettable. Only in this way, the whole poem can avoid being the same as Fu, but can be handed down with emotion to this day.
-Tibet comes from the Internet.