Author: Du Fu
Original text:
When Gong Zheng died, his sideburns were scattered into silk, and he was often called an old painter after drinking.
Wanli was sad and severely condemned, on the occasion of dying for a hundred years.
I have walked a long way, but I was late for no reason.
Then it's time for me to say goodbye to my husband forever. Jiuzhongquan Road is about to be delivered.
Precautions:
1, that is, 18 is Zheng's ranking. The Lushan rebellion made him join the rebels. Lushan Water Supply Department made a pious suggestion that he was ill and secretly communicated with the Tang government. In 757 AD (the second year of Zhide), in December of the lunar calendar, he was sentenced to be a sixth-grade officer of the Rebel Army, and he was pious and third-class, so he was demoted to Taizhou. He is one of Du Fu's best friends.
2.chū, deciduous trees, loose, white, smelly. Wandering in Zhuangzi: I have a big tree, which people call a dead tree. Another "human": the craftsman's stone, see the oak tree, its big cover cow, which means that the disciple said: pine is useless. On this basis, Du Fu created the word "San". Cai Zheng is not fit for this world.
People often say that Zheng Qian claimed to be. Zheng Shan paints landscapes. The old painter is old, useless and still complaining. Because of the ethos of the Tang Dynasty, painters were despised. Yan's Biography of Li Ben, a Book of the Tang Dynasty: When the map was set up, Emperor Taizong and his courtiers were boating in the Spring Garden, and there were strange birds in the pool, so he called this order to write it. Yan, a cloud painter, was called out of the pavilion. At that time, he was already a doctor, sweating profusely, crawling by the pool, waving the painter's hand and looking at the guest table. Retire his son, saying: I am not good at reading, but it is a great shame to know Dan Qing and bow to the battle of Sri Lanka. You should be deep and brave, don't learn the last geisha. Chronicle of the Tang Dynasty Volume 71: Sun Fu, a native of Nanchang, has a poetic voice. Father, a painter. As a calligrapher in China, Che Wang wrote a poem on Liling Bridge, but he didn't recite the second poem: Gu Kai wrote a pen, so he didn't draw an ordinary thing. I hated it all my life. It can be seen that the status of painters at that time was very low, and painters were ashamed to be called literati. Today, Lu often claims that this is a complaint.
4. These two sentences are sorry and pious. Wan Li refers to Taizhou. Severe punishment. A hundred years refers to a person's life. Death has two meanings: one is that you are old and dying, and the other is that you have fallen and dying is enough. At that time, both were recovered, so it was called ZTE. Chinese characters are silent.
5, these two sentences are written for the sake of face. One hurried on the road, and the other came late for some reason. Meeting for no reason means meeting an unexpected accident.
6. Goodbye, goodbye. Zheng Qian is an old man, and he is far away from Wan Li. According to common sense, it is difficult to see him again, and it should be farewell (this result failed to meet).
7. Jiuchongquan, or Jiuquan or Huang Quan, means to be buried underground after death.
Appreciate:
This poem was probably written by Du Fu when he returned to Chang 'an from Zhangzhou in the winter of 757 AD. Zheng Qian is famous for his poems, books and paintings, and he is proficient in astronomy, geography, military affairs, medicine and temperament. Du Fu praised him for just conquering the Song Dynasty, exposing Emperor Xi, and honoring his generation with virtue. However, his experience was very bumpy. Before the Anshi Rebellion, it was never reused, and even food was not enough. During the Anshi Rebellion, Wang Wei and a large number of other officials were taken to Luoyang by the rebels. An Lushan gave him a fairy, a doctor of the Ministry of Water Affairs. He pretended to be seriously ill and never took office. He also secretly sent a message to the Tang government. However, when Luoyang was recovered, Tang Suzong convicted him and sent him to join the army. For this reason, Du Fu wrote the seven laws of this poem.
Some predecessors commented on this poem, saying: from the heart, thousands of times, pure tears, no ink. Some people say: a piece of blood and tears, let alone poetry or emotion. This can be said to capture the most essential thing. As for it, it is to the point, empty, and in terms of artistic characteristics, it is the same as the two sides of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army at the same time; It is said that it can make frost fly in summer and ghosts cry at noon, which is artistic appeal.
Du Fu and Zheng Qian are good friends who get carried away. Du Fu knows Zheng Qian best. Du Fu also knew that he was a thief. Therefore, he can't help but have some opinions on Zheng Qian's punishment. The severe condemnation in the third sentence is his opinion. One or two sentences provide a basis for this view. It is quite meaningful to say that Gong Zheng died, his sideburns became silk, and he often called an old painter after drinking.
I have a big tree, which is called He San. Its big roots are swollen but not inked, and its branchlets are irregularly curled. The craftsman ignored what was painted. In Zhuangzi's Life on Earth, a carpenter went to Qi State and saw a tall oak tree. He was very surprised, but the carpenter said: the wood was scattered, thinking that the ship was sinking, the coffin was rotting, the utensils were being destroyed, the door became liquid and the column was rotten. This is a piece of wood without material. There is a meaning to say that Gong Zheng was scattered: Zheng Qian is just a useless material like an oak tree. He has neither wild dreams nor criminal acts, so he can't be a dangerous person. What's more, he has become a diaosi, what else can he do! The second sentence is to testify in Zheng Qian's own words. People often say: See the truth after drinking. After drinking, Zheng Qian didn't say anything against the rules. He often pretends to be an old painter, which shows that he has no political ambition. In that case, let the dying old man draw his picture. It can be seen that a sentence or two is not a simple description of Zheng Qian's voice and smile; But by describing Zheng Qian, he defended Zheng Qian.
The second alliance followed closely the first alliance and went deep into it layer by layer, expressing sympathy for Zheng Qian and indignation at the severe condemnation. This is indeed a word and a drop of tears, a word and a drop of blood. Zheng Qian is an innocent person and should not be blamed. Now he is not only condemned, but also condemned so severely that he is demoted to Taizhou thousands of miles away, which is really sad. This is the first floor. If Zheng Qian is still young and strong, he may be able to withstand such severe punishment, but he has become a dying man, but he has been exiled to such a distant and desolate place. Isn't it clear that he should die early? This is the second floor. If you die in troubled times, there is nothing to say; However, both Kyoto have been recovered, and Datang has finally revived. Now is the time to live a peaceful life. Unfortunately, Zheng Qian was severely punished during this renaissance. This is the third floor. The emotional waves aroused by severe punishment and dying struggle surged forward and turned into the last four sentences. It's really hard to tell whether it's poetry or love.
Pale and difficult to unite, tight and strict. It is precisely because the task is so strict that there is no room for any delay in persecuting; Before the author had time to see him off, Zheng Qian had already embarked on a long road. Always unite as one, and pass by death. Zheng Qian is dying, and severe punishment will inevitably accelerate his death, and it is impossible to come back alive; Therefore, I issued a sigh that I want to be with my husband forever. However, even if you can't meet each other alive, you still have to pay the price of Jiuzhongquan Road! I am sincere, and I can't bear to see it. The end of the poem needs to be implicit, but it cannot be generalized. Lu Deshui commented on this poem, and he said it very well: the poem is true at the end. I don't care if I am forced or not, I might as well do it.
Du Fu was of course loyal to the Tang Dynasty; However, he did not sing praises for the unjust things that the good people in the Tang Dynasty did against their wishes. Instead, he denounced the victim in a realistic way as a severe condemnation, expressed his sympathy for the victim unabashedly, and even resolutely expressed his desire to make friends with him, showing the personality that a real poet should have. With such a personality, there is an artistic style that is heartfelt, full of true meaning and found in poetry.
Cry for Liu.
There is resentment on the road,
Everything is in ZTE.
Kong Wen moved to Jia Yi,
Don't wait for Sun Hong.
Jiang kuo only looked back,
The sky is high and the clouds are light, but it is blessed.
Last year,
Chun Xue is full of Huangling tombs.
works appreciation
Precautions:
In the second year of Daiwa, Tang Wenzong (828) and Liu Sui, a virtuous founder, spoke frankly about the exam in their essays, denouncing the eunuch's autocracy, which aroused strong repercussions. The examiner was too frightened by the eunuch's power to admit him. Later, both Ling Huchu and Niu Sengru thanked the shogunate and awarded the secretary lang as a teacher. Eunuch hated Yan deeply, falsely accused him of a crime and demoted Liuzhou's family. Li Shangyin was deeply saddened by Liu Geng's relegation and wrongful death.
In the first half of the poem, Liu Kuang died unjustly. Poetry doesn't write its own opinions first, but begins with quoting other people's comments. "Yan" refers to an article written by Liu Kuang at the request of a virtuous founder. People on the road are talking about the injustice of Liu Geng's demotion to Liuzhou, saying that his remarks on benign countermeasures are all for the rejuvenation of the country. Saying that "ZTE" was "wronged" shows the depth of injustice. No wonder passers-by are unfair. Poets pour out grievances through passers-by, of course, more powerful than directly speaking. This not only shows people's sympathy and respect for Liu Xu, but also reflects their hatred of the eunuch framing Liu Xu and their condemnation of the court's weakness and fatuity.
The following two sentences then quote historical figures, and the poet lamented the death of Liu Sui. "Moving" here means moving up. Jia Yi was demoted as the teacher of Changsha King in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, Wendi recalled him to Beijing, where he became the teacher of his beloved son Liang and often asked him about political affairs. , that is, the public, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became a doctor at the beginning and was exempted from returning. Later, he was promoted to be a virtuous literature, which was reused, and he was appointed as the prime minister and Hou. "Unequal" means unequal. I heard that Jia Yi was recalled by the imperial court last year, but Liu Kuang was banished to Liuzhou and died in a foreign land. He can't be promoted and reused again like Gong. This combination is appropriate. He Chao called the fourth sentence "the most exquisite" (Li Yishan's Poems). The words "Kong Wen" and "Don't stay" are very powerful and express the poet's deep regret.
The poet regarded Liu Cui as a "teacher friend", but he died unjustly. How can he not let the poet cry? Five or six sentences, that is, deducting the topic, the poet cries. Liu Geng finally died in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). The poet wrote this poem in Chang 'an. Far away from the river, only looking back at the south frequently, looking up to the sky and crying; It's hard to talk, it's hard to sue, and there's no resurrection, so I can only beat my chest and cry. After a long sorrow, the poet recalled the last time he left Liu Sui in Huangling (mountain name, now Xiangyin, Hunan) a year ago. At that time, when Liu Kui wronged Longcheng, it was already dark and Chun Xue was cold. The last two sentences not only set off their sad feelings when they broke up, but also merged with the grief-stricken mood of the poet when he wrote this poem, leaving endless grief. Ji Yun said: "This is a very good ending." (Poems of Li Yishan) This theory is extremely correct.
The whole poem is saturated with the poet's tears, and there is a word "cry" throughout: at first, I broke into tears, then I burst into tears, then I wailed, and finally I broke into tears and couldn't swallow. Reading a complete poem is like the poet's cry still ringing in my ears. In writing, the poet combines narration, discussion and lyricism. The first four sentences are all narration and discussion, but the narration contains a strong lyrical color. The last four sentences are lyrical, and the knot is connected with lyricism and contains narrative elements. If it's all narration and discussion, it's easy to be dry and boring; If you are purely lyrical and don't quite agree with the specific content written in the quoted poem, it is difficult to write Liu Kuang's grievances. This poem combines the three, making justice and private affairs fully expressed, thus enhancing the appeal of the poem.
Give it to Rao Yang.
Li Bai gave Raoyang a present.
Drink Cangwu Spring in the morning and smoke Bihai cigarettes at night. Know more about the meaning of husband and wife, far in front of the chair.
Mulin is ancient, and the year of climbing is that year. Only when you are ashamed of being old can you know your ovaries.
After sunset, Hua Rong gave up Sichuan. A word has been said, and the whip is in the three mountains.
Time flies and the pot is empty. See your ancestors alone, and explore the yuan to be poor first.
When * * * hand in hand, go hand in hand.
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Du Fu (7 12-770), with a beautiful word, is called Shaoling Night Old, and is as famous as, etc. Han nationality, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Du Fu is respected as a poet by the world, and his poems are called the history of poetry. Du Fu and Li Bai are called Du Li together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, Little Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Big Du Li. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, which is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang. To Cui Wenkun.
Li Bai gave Wen Kun Ji to Cui.
When two pearls surfaced, they were priceless. There are two bright moons, and the afterglow shines.
Yingyin is famous, but the price is different. The reason of Mount Ji is especially related to the windy period.
But I didn't introduce myself to the media in the past. I went west to Qin with a heavy burden. After climbing for nine days, I listed the ministers of that year.
Cloth serves Dan Yong and cannot be careless. Only small benefits are heavy, and phosphorus is born skillfully.
I've been away for ten years, and now I'm back in full swing. Clear the frost into the temples, and the white dew gives birth to a towel.
See the green water pavilion on the side, and open the door to column Huayin. A thousand daughters scattered a righteous man, and four daughters sat without guests.
If you want to fold the laurel tree, you will be rewarded with cold. The roadside is snickering. What will happen to that road?
If you fall into the mountains, you will be rewarded with kindness.