master design
Overview of teaching materials
Autumn in the Old Capital is a lyrical essay. Yu Dafu reveals his inner nostalgia and loneliness in his delicate description of autumn scenery in the old capital of Beiping. The full text closely follows the characteristics of autumn in the old capital, and describes several pictures, such as Autumn Morning in the Yard, Autumn Flowers Falling, Qiu Chan Screaming, Autumn Gossip Cool, Autumn Fruits Winning Scenery and so on.
According to the characteristics of Autumn in the Old Capital, teachers will focus on emotional reading, and experience the author's deep nostalgia and loneliness for the old capital through landscape analysis. The difficulty in teaching lies in the author's "sad" feeling about the autumn of the old capital.
Analysis of learning situation
It is difficult for students to read prose and grasp the feelings contained in the prose scene. Students generally believe that "clear" and "quiet" scenery are often associated with positive emotions such as "love". However, because students are unfamiliar with the author's background and personal experience, it is difficult for them to understand the "sad" feature in The Old Capital of autumn scenery.
teaching method
1. reading method: through perceptual reading, understand the author's nostalgia and loneliness for the autumn of the old capital.
2. Discussion method: Under the guidance of teachers, through students' discussion, we can understand the characteristics of the text that "emotion" dominates "scenery" and the form is scattered and the spirit is gathered.
3. Teaching induction: Teachers summarize students' discussions and form an overall understanding of the article.
Arrange a class.
Teaching aid preparation? Tape recorder? tape
Teaching three-dimensional goal
1. Understand Yu Dafu's thoughts and creative style.
2. Through reading and discussion, understand the feelings contained in the scene, and further grasp the relationship between "form" and "spirit" in prose.
3. Understand the author's nostalgia and loneliness for Autumn Colors Old Capital, and correctly understand the author's "sad" mentality.
teaching process
First, guide the design.
1. Students, read the following poem. Can you understand the poet's feelings?
"Wan Shanhong, Lin Jinran; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle hits the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost fight for freedom. " (Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun Changsha")
"Sharp wind apes whimper from the vast sky, and birds fly home to the clear lakes and white beaches. Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward. " (Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain)
"I'm sad, I'm going to the pavilion, and the shower is over." (Liu Yong's "Yulinling")
Qing: Among the above poems, Mao Zedong read the magnificence of autumn, Du Fu read the desolation of autumn wind, and Liu Yong read the desolation of autumn rain. Facing autumn scenery, the poet's feelings are different. The objective scenery in literary works is unified with the author's subjective feelings, which is inseparable from the author's personality, experience and interest. When reading literary works, it is important to "understand the objective reality written by the author, and then understand the thoughts and feelings contained between the lines." Yu Dafu traveled thousands of miles from Hangzhou to Beiping via Qingdao. What kind of autumn did he read in the face of Autumn in the Old Capital?
2. Review: Last class, we made clear the structure of the text, which was written by the author in the order of "autumn of praising the old capital-autumn of painting the old capital-autumn of loving the old capital".
Second, the text interpretation
(A) learning the first part
Cooperative investigation
Students read paragraphs 1 and 2 together. Think: How do you write this passage about the autumn of the old capital? Please analyze it in detail? How do you express the author's feelings?
Qingming: These two paragraphs show the writer's different feelings about autumn in the north and autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and describe the characteristics of autumn in the north, such as "clearness", "quietness" and "sadness". By comparing autumn in the south of the Yangtze River with its slowness, wetness and dullness, the writer expresses his yearning for autumn in the north.
(B) Learning the second part
Study five pictures depicting the autumn of the old capital and understand the author's feelings and situational characteristics.
Information screening
Ask questions:
The author painted several pictures of autumn in the old capital. What are they?
Clear: I wrote five pictures, such as Autumn Morning in the Yard, Qiu Shu Fall, Qiu Chan Scream, Gossip in Autumn Cool, and Autumn Fruit Scenery.
Cooperative investigation
(1) key reading: students read the third paragraph with emotion and think: how does the scenery in this picture reflect the characteristics of "clear", "quiet" and "sad" in autumn in the old capital?
Qing: "High Sky" gives people a clear and clean Gao Shuang, giving people a feeling of no dust, and writes "Qing"; "Quietly facing trumpet-shaped (brilliant) flowers" and "hearing the sound of pigeons flying in the blue sky" are all written "quietness"; It has some cold and depressing "broken walls", blue and white "morning glory" and "autumn grass" symbolizing fatigue and desolation of life, which embodies "sadness".
(2) Students discuss how the scenery in the other four pictures reflects the characteristics of "clear", "quiet" and "sad" in autumn in the old capital.
Students discuss and answer, and the teacher summarizes:
"Autumn Sophora Flowers Fall" picture: "Quiet"-"Flowers fall all over the floor", "There is no sound or smell when stepping on it, only a little subtle and soft feeling can be felt"; "Qing" "The silk thread of the broom looks exquisite and leisurely"; "Sad"-"I still feel a little lonely subconsciously".
"Qiu Chan Scream" screen: quiet-everywhere cicadas; Sadness-Qiu Chan's faint cicada singing
"Autumn gossip is cool" picture: clear sky in Wan Li, oblique bridge shadow after rain; Quiet-the sound of rain; Sadness —— A "City Idle Man" after a Cold Autumn Rain
"Autumn fruit wins the scenery" picture: Qing-August and September when the fruit is ripe; Sadness-northwest wind, dusty world
(3) In order to highlight the characteristics of autumn in the old capital, what angles does the author mainly describe the scenery from? What are the characteristics of these landscapes?
Chengming: The author describes it in detail from three aspects (angles): autumn sound, autumn color and autumn taste.
Color: blue sky with white and blue cloth, light green and light yellow (clear) cool tones. Draw a cool picture with cyan, dark gray and gray tones.
Sound: The sound of training pigeons in the sky, the faint broom sound, cicada sound, wind and rain sound, everywhere is silence and loneliness.
Taste: broken walls is scattered, lonely and weak, and the cool breeze sighs slightly. Clear autumn (sadness) reveals sadness and sadness everywhere.
Summary: The angle of sound and taste can well show the characteristics of autumn in the old capital, so that readers can smell its sound, observe its scenery, taste its rhyme and enter its territory.
(4) Discussion: After reading paragraph 12, which sentence do you think should be the central sentence of this paragraph? Why does the author write that Chinese and foreign poets and even ordinary people have deep feelings for autumn? (Hint: the role of thinking and argumentation in narrative description)
Clear: central sentence: Explain that animals with feelings and human beings with interests always have the same deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings for autumn.
This passage is a unique deepening process of prose from "form" to "spirit" from the narration of the old capital autumn to the exposition. On the basis of the above description, this paper further praises the autumn in the north from the perspective of metaphor. At the same time, it creates a cultural atmosphere, adding a heavy cultural atmosphere to the natural atmosphere, which coincides with the will of the old capital.
(3) Learning the third part
Cooperative investigation
1. Students read the last two paragraphs together. The teacher asked: What is the biggest difference between autumn in the south and autumn in the north? What kind of feelings does the author express in the comparison?
Qing: These two paragraphs mainly write that the autumn in the south is not as good as the autumn in the north, and express the author's incomparable nostalgia for the autumn in the north through comparison.
2. How to understand "Compared with Qiu Lai in the north, it is like drinking yellow rice wine for nothing, eating steamed bread for porridge, eating crabs for bass, and eating camels for yellow dogs for nothing."
Cheng Ming: The four metaphors in the sentence are vivid and interesting, which show the characteristics of autumn in the old capital from the aspects of the sufficiency and deficiency of taste, the reality and deficiency of quality, the abundance and deficiency of taste and the heaviness and lack of temperament.
Exploratory exploration
1. How do you understand that the author thinks that the color of morning glory is "blue or white is the best, followed by purple and black, and reddish is the lowest"?
Qing: Because blue and white are cool colors, which can reflect the author's sad mood, while reddish is warm color.
2. Red dates are red. Why did the author choose it as a landscape reflecting the autumn characteristics of the old capital?
Qing: Because the dates in July and August are "light green and slightly yellow" when they are ripe to 89 points, which shows the characteristics of autumn in the old capital and the author's mood.
Autumn scenery, the old capital, is rich and colorful, but the author does not write about places of interest in Beiping, and only chooses the above-mentioned ordinary autumn scenery to write? Try to analyze it from both subjective and objective aspects.
Qing: autumn scenery written by the author is selected around the characteristics of "Qing, Quiet and Sad". The autumn colors he wrote are cold, the autumn sound is silent and lonely, and the autumn taste is sad. There are several reasons: objectively speaking, this is the inherent feature of the scenery itself and the natural color of autumn in Beijing. Subjectively speaking, there are three factors: first, it is related to the darkness of the environment in the old China era, which led to his depression; Second, it is related to the writer's personal temperament. Yu Dafu lost his father in his early years (at the age of three), and his long-distance love life in Japan for ten years made him suffer humiliation and discrimination. Third, it is related to the writer's literary view and aesthetic pursuit. During his stay in Hangzhou, Yu Dafu advocated "quiet" literature, and wrote mostly "quiet and mysterious literature like water". Therefore, the above subjective and objective factors determine what kind of scenery the writer will choose to express what kind of feelings.
Extension extension
Looking at the complete article, do you think Yu Dafu's article is an eulogy of autumn or a sad autumn?
A: Ode to autumn. However, due to the influence of the author's life background and life experience, the tone of the full text is sad and sad, which can be said to be a sad autumn ode to the old capital.
Third, the class summary
Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long Searching: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yin and Yang families were miserable, and their hearts were shaken when searching." It means that people's emotions change with the changes of external things. Spring makes people feel comfortable, and twilight makes people feel sad. In Autumn of the Old Capital, Yu Dafu skillfully combines the autumn colors of the old capital with his personal sadness, and euphemistically expresses his deep nostalgia and loneliness for the old capital. In the choice of scenery, the author controls the scenery with emotion and perfectly combines objective color with subjective color, which well embodies the characteristics of prose.
Fourth, homework design.
Read the autumn colors of Biyun Temple (see the golden edition case P 19) to understand the "walk" and "spirit" of the article.
And finish the exercises after the text, and communicate in the next class.
blackboard-writing design
Autumn in the ancient capital
yu dafu
Part I (1-2): Zanqiu
Autumn feeling in the north: clear, quiet and sad; Autumn feeling in Jiangnan: slow, moist and light.
Part II (3- 12): Painting Autumn
What is the color of Autumn Morning in the Yard? Cool tones.
Silence and loneliness of the sound of "autumn locust falling"
The taste of "gossip is cool in autumn" is unpleasant.
"Autumn fruit wins scenery"
Part III (13- 14): Love.
Autumn in the south: color and taste are not as strong as autumn in the north, so autumn in the capital: "I" will stay even if my life is shortened.
Summary: the perfect integration of objective color and subjective color.
Express your deep nostalgia and loneliness for the old capital.
Chapter two: Teaching plan of autumn open class in the old capital.
First, positioning
learning target
By enjoying the beautiful scenery, we can understand the writer's unique feelings.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Guide students to scrutinize the origin of sentimental feelings in the article and deeply understand the rich connotation of the article.
Second, the guidance of the learning process
(1) import
An essayist wrote this sentence: "Autumn, autumn in the north, if I can stay, I am willing to fold two-thirds of my life into a fraction of one-third." He is Yu Dafu. What kind of autumn makes Yu Dafu willing to give up his life in exchange? Today, let's go into Yu Dafu's inner world and learn his famous essay Autumn in the Old Capital. Please open your books.
First, let's look at the main points of appreciation. (Slide 2) Read the whole class.
Appreciate the beauty of nature and experience the writer's unique feelings;
Teacher: When we were studying Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, we learned two ways to appreciate prose. Today, we learn the third article, which is to deeply understand the author's emotions and experience the writer's unique feelings. )
(B) the overall perception
Everyone previewed the text before class. Let's solve a few problems:
1: What are the main features of Autumn in the Old Capital written by Yu Dafu? The whole class answered (clearly, quietly, sadly)
At the beginning, I pointed out my unique feelings about autumn in the north, which is what we said at the beginning, which leads to the following. This paragraph is the central paragraph of the text.
2. What specific scenery is used to write the taste of this autumn? (Let the students find it)
Qing: morning glory, Sophora japonica, Qiu Chan, autumn rain and autumn jujube (the teacher shows them on the screen in the students' answers) (the third slide)
(3) Appreciate the artistic conception and explore learning.
1. Next, let's enjoy the first picture of Qiu Jingtu in the yard. Please ask Mo Huili to read it aloud. What do other students think of this picture?
Hear the sound of flying-environmental peace
Count the sunshine,
Quiet to morning glory-peace of mind
The color of morning glory-the cold environment
Broken house and waist-the desolation of the environment
We can imagine such a picture: a fallen yard, a dilapidated house, a bowl of strong tea, a little picture of the charm of the old city, some pigeons singing, some morning glory and some autumn grass. This cold and cheerless atmosphere naturally conveys a little sadness and loneliness, which makes people immersed in the autumn atmosphere of this old city without any exaggeration and deliberate.
2. Yes! Autumn in the old capital is clear, clear in the green sky; Autumn in the old capital is quiet, quiet in the sound of pigeon training; Autumn in the old capital is sad, sad in the lonely willow shadow of Diaoyutai ... Can you continue?
Please read paragraphs 4 to 1 1 freely, and use "the old capital is clear, and it is clear in ……"; Autumn in the old capital is quiet, quiet in ... Autumn in the old capital is sad, sad in ". (The teacher plays music)
It seems that the students have a deep understanding of autumn scenery written by Yu Dafu. Next, please think about it: the author admires Qiu Ji, but what we feel between the lines is the author's loneliness, loneliness, sadness and sadness. Why?
Let's talk about his life first.
Yu Dafu lost his father at the age of three. 17 years old, went to Japan to study with my eldest brother. Ten years living in a foreign country is a decade of humiliation and discrimination. In terms of personal character, he is depressed and sentimental; In literary view and aesthetics, he advocated "still life literature" and wrote "still life literature is like water". This article was written in 1934. At this time, China was at war for years, and the people lived in poverty. Yu Dafu is also homeless and displaced, full of sadness and sorrow for life. So we feel the author's loneliness, loneliness, sadness and sadness between the lines.
Therefore, the appreciation of prose should not only understand the objective reality written by the author, but also pay attention to the author's thoughts and feelings. The understanding of thoughts and feelings should be combined with the author's life experience and background at that time. Writing about the autumn of nature and expressing one's inner worries are the outstanding features of this essay.
Question: Some people think that this article is an ode to autumn, while others think that this article is a sad autumn. What do you think? Can you find relevant sentences in the text to prove your point? Clear: Students find the relevant sentences at the beginning and end respectively, and discuss them with teachers and students to reach a * * * understanding.
Girls read paragraphs 1 and 2, and boys read paragraph 13. Let's discuss it at the same table, and then ask some students to talk about it.
I think it is Ode to Autumn.
The first natural section, feeling the autumn in the northland: clear, quiet and sad-I want to taste the autumn and express my yearning for the autumn in the northland. ② In the second natural period, the feeling of autumn colors in Jiangnan is slow, moist and light. The taste, color, artistic conception and posture of autumn are never enough to see, taste and enjoy-not enough to satisfy people.
By means of comparison, this paper summarizes the writer's different feelings about autumn in the north and autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and expresses his yearning for autumn in the north.
Paragraph 13. "Compared with Qiu Lai in the north, it is simply yellow rice wine dried in vain, porridge boiled in white, perch white crab, yellow dog white camel." Autumn in the north is like "white dried buns, big crabs and camels", which makes people feel thick, deep, thick and long; Autumn in the south is like "yellow wine, porridge, perch and yellow dog", which makes people feel moist, shallow and short. The author thinks that the biggest difference between autumn in the south and autumn in the north lies in the taste. Use four metaphors to understand the taste of autumn from the taste of diet, so that people can taste the abstract taste from the image.
The author compares the autumn in the south with the autumn in the old capital, and writes his love and attachment to the old capital by metaphor.
Therefore, this paper integrates the writer's emotional yearning, love and attachment into the objective autumn scenery, while the writer's subjective feelings include the melancholy, worry and loneliness in autumn. This article eulogizes autumn with deep anxiety and lonely sadness. Therefore, the emotional tone of the full text is sad and sad, which can be said to be a sad song of the old capital autumn.
Third, the knowledge test: The following understanding of autumn in the old capital is incorrect ()
A. The title "Autumn in the Old Capital" implies a realm of integration of natural landscape and human landscape.
B. "Autumn in the north is especially sunny, quiet and sad." This sentence points out the characteristics of autumn in the old capital, which is a clue running through the whole article.
C. When describing the natural scenery of the old capital, this paper reveals a melancholy and lonely state of mind and shows the theme of mourning for autumn.
D. Contrast is used in many places in the article, which highlights the unique characteristics of autumn in the old capital, and also shows the author's yearning and praise for autumn in the north.
Summary: Yu Dafu loves autumn in his old capital so much that he is willing to fold it with his life. It is precisely because he loves autumn all his life, embraces autumn wholeheartedly, tastes autumn with his own soul, and writes autumn with his own feelings and love. Only in this way can he taste the wonderful taste unknown to outsiders. This article is full of autumn (blackboard writing: autumn in the old capital). After class, we read the words on the screen together (slide 16) to pay tribute to this writer who loves his country deeply.