The first group of ancient poetry appreciation training questions (30 points).
1. Read the following Tang poem and answer this question. (6 points)
Hukou sees Lushan Waterfall.
Zhang Jiuling
Red spring falls, and the atmosphere is half purple.
Run down the miscellaneous trees and return to the clouds.
The sun is like a rainbow, the sky is clear, and the wind and rain are hard.
Lingshan is full of gorgeous colors and ethereal water.
(1) What are the characteristics of "Lushan Waterfall" written in the poem? What kind of waterfall did the poet describe for us? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) What rhetorical devices are used in this poem? For example. (3 points)
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Answer: (1) The waterfall written in the poem falls from the sky, with extraordinary momentum, dazzling and misty. The poet painted a magnificent picture of Lushan Waterfall with the mountains as the background and the sky as the background.
(2) The rhetorical devices used in this poem are as follows: ① exaggeration, such as "The Red Spring Falls in thousands of feet", highlights the extraordinary momentum of the waterfall; (2) Metaphor, such as "sunshine rainbow", compares the waterfall in the sun to the rainbow in the sky, highlighting the appearance of the waterfall.
Appreciation of Poetry: This poem describes the scene of Lushan Waterfall. From different angles, with different methods, a magnificent and colorful prospect of Lushan Waterfall is outlined, including outline and details, representation and thick ink, rendering and contrast, mountains and rivers and the sky. The poet appreciates the waterfall and highlights its momentum and spirit. The first part writes that the waterfall falls from the high Lushan Mountain, and the distance seems to come from half a day. "Red Spring" and "Purple Atmosphere" set each other off in a dazzling way. Zhuan Xu wrote about the verdant and towering Lushan Mountain, with trees and clouds. Seeing the waterfall from a distance, because it is blocked by miscellaneous trees or clouds, you can't see the whole picture. The sun shines on the neck couplet, and the waterfall is far away. If the rainbow is in the sky, it will stand out. It's sunny, but it sounds like rain and wind. At the end of the couplet is admiration: Lushan Mountain is a fairyland with many beautiful scenery, and the waterfall is the most prominent.
2. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions. (6 points)
The Home Wall of Shushan Family in the Spring Festival Evening (Part One)
Guan xiu
One room in Chai Men is quiet and fragrant with fragrant rice, and after the spring rain, there is a clear sky in Wan Li.
The flowers in the yard are misty and clear, and the children are crying for Oriole in the tree.
(1) Guan Xiu's poems make good use of reduplication in language. Take this poem as an example to make a brief analysis. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) One of the artistic features of this poem is that there are people outside the scene and there are feelings inside the scene. Try to make a brief analysis (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A: (1) In this poem, there are three overlapping words: "Silence", which describes the characteristics that after the rain of Chu youth, farmers are busy with spring ploughing, and there are no idle people in every family; "Foggy", the backyard flowers like rain are like fine gauze, which can't be seen clearly; "Lingling" describes the crisp and pleasant sound when the spring water flows. The use of these overlapping words not only has its own advantages in creating environment, painting modeling, shaping voice and expressing feelings, but also has harmonious rhyme and musical beauty.
(2) Late spring is the busy season for farmers. However, the poet did not say that farmers were busy, but wrote a quiet landscape, from which busy farmers could be seen. The spring rain falls in time, the weather is sunny in time, and farmers rush to plow in time. They don't like rain, but their love for rain is self-evident. The beauty of this poem lies in not writing people, not writing feelings, writing scenery, from scenery to people, from scenery to feelings. This writing is not only closely related to the characteristics of late spring, but also short and pithy.
Appreciation of Poetry: Guan Xiu was a monk in the late Tang Dynasty, and this poem was his masterpiece when he was a guest in the farmhouse. The first two sentences write that Chai Men is quiet inside and outside, and the smoke is curled up; Daoxiang comes to the nose; After a spring rain, farmers who don't go against the farming season naturally want to rob the soil for spring ploughing, so "Chai Men" also appears "silent". It can be seen that the "spring rain" falls in time, the weather is sunny in time, and farmers grab the soil in time. It is not that they like rain, but the feeling of loving rain appears. The last two sentences are written in the courtyard, and the water vapor is misty, just like putting a veil on the court flowers, which is unclear; In Shan Ye, the flowing water is so crisp and pleasant; Birds hiding in the nest from the rain fly to the branches again, twittering and singing happily; A child came out of Chai Men, crying to catch birds. All this is about the scenery and love of Chu youth after the rain.
3. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions. (6 points)
Jiangxi, which sees visitors off
a surname
Ride on purple mud, Zeguoyuan.
The ninth school (3) is full of spring tides, and the yellow rain is low.
The grass deep warbler flies intermittently, and the flowers fall into the water.
There are four places in Gaotang, and I know you are not lost.
Note: ①: The vehicle in which the emissary rides. ② Purple mud: The ancients sealed letters with mud and stamped them. The imperial edict is made of purple mud, which means the imperial edict here. ③ Nine schools: The Yangtze River flows to Hubei and Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and is divided into nine tributaries. 4 Gao Tang: refers to parents.
(1) Does this poem have the usual melancholy mood? Why? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) What kind of picture does "Nine Schools of Spring Tide Full, Lonely Sail and Low Rain" paint? Try to make a brief analysis of the whole poem. (3 points)
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Answer: (1) No. Because for pedestrians, in this beautiful spring season, being ordered to go to Jiangnan is undoubtedly a good opportunity to travel. Besides, visiting relatives by the way is also a good thing to kill two birds with one stone. Therefore, this poem does not have the usual melancholy mood in general farewell poems.
(2) "Nine schools are full of spring tides, and the lonely sails are raining at dusk", which depicts the scene of friends boating alone in the river. The spring tide is surging and the river is vast; In this vast and boundless water world, a solitary boat is slowly moving forward in the rain at dusk, and the width of the river just reflects the loneliness of friends.
Appreciation of Poetry: This poem was written by the poet to bid farewell to his friends who are about to leave for home. The first couplet explained the mission and destination of my friend's trip, saying that it was sent to Zeguo, a distant water town by the imperial court. Zhuan Xu imagined a friend sailing in the river. The poet did not express his special feelings positively, but his special feelings have been integrated into the scenery of Spring Tide, Lonely Sail and Falling Rain. Necklace pays attention to detail description, and the objects are nuanced. Through the detailed description of "grass depth", "flowers falling" and "the sound of warblers is intermittent", the beauty of spring scenery in Jiangnan is further highlighted. William said that friends can drop in on their parents during this trip, so as not to delay the trip because of lingering. The whole poem is light and lively, and it is a masterpiece in farewell poems.
Read the following song and then answer this question. (6 points)
Xiuchang An Jun (1)
Wang Anshi
It is not easy for teenagers to leave, but it is a pity to meet again when they are old.
Cao Cao's cups and plates are for laughter, and the faint light is for life.
Three years of self-pity for the lake and the sea, a thousand miles in the dust and sand.
If you want to know the date of the later period, you should see Yan Nanzheng when delivering the book.
Note: ① Chang: Wang Anshi's eldest sister and the wife of the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, whose name is Chang. ② Period: agreed date of reunion.
(1) Please simply appreciate the beauty of Zhuan Xu's "Cao Cao's cups and plates are for laughter, and the faint lights are for life". (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) Combining with the whole poem, this paper briefly analyzes the beauty of the use of numerals in the neck couplets. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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Answer: (1) This couplet accurately selects the details of family life and vividly writes a warm and intimate family atmosphere. "Cao Cao" shows the simplicity of food and wine, while "dizziness" creates a sense of mystery, suggesting that brother and sister have a heart-to-heart conversation under the lamp. The words "offer" and "talk" seem handy, but in fact they are carefully selected. The whole sentence expresses the happiness of meeting and the affection between brothers and sisters.
(2) "Three years" is a long time and "Wan Li" is a long distance. The use of numerals in poetry, one vertical and one horizontal, one time and one space, makes the sadness of parting more intense.
Appreciation of poetry: a rare theme that expresses the affection between brothers and sisters. Wang Anshi's seven laws are simple and affectionate, which makes the human body taste the simple and sincere feelings between relatives. The first couplet is full of affection. When I was a teenager, I was already injured and wanted to leave. When people reach middle age, I can't bear to part with this kind of parting, not to mention meeting for the first time, which is really "it took a long time to meet her, but it took longer than breaking up"! Zhuan Xu wrote about brother and sister meeting, talking and laughing, and talking about family ties. The delicate description is full of warm atmosphere. The Necklace Association lamented that it has been separated from relatives for many years, and it is even more difficult to go to other places to be separated from relatives. The sentence of the ending expresses the poet's desire for reunion; The dialogue comforted the feelings of missing with Hongyan's book, and "Who sent Yun Brocade?" The word "wild goose" returns, and the west wing is full of moon, which has the same effect.
5. Read the following poem and answer the questions. (6 points)
Huaicun village Hou Bing
Dai Fugu
Momo flowers have no owners, and tobacco has no crows.
Several old wells are surrounded by ruins and have always been people.
(1) What kind of scene is depicted in the poem? Please analyze it briefly. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) Please briefly describe the feelings expressed by the poet in his poems. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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Answer: (1) describes a dilapidated rural scene in the Jianghuai area after the war. People have fled, and peach blossoms are lonely. Tobacco is vast, crows are noisy, city walls are collapsed, wells are deserted and few people are there. Everything is gone.
(2) Expressed the poet's grief over the destruction brought by the war to the countryside and people, his hatred for invading the enemy and his disgust for the war.
Appreciation of poetry: the first sentence is that peach blossoms do not know the sufferings of the world, but flowers still bloom. The sunny scenery in early spring doubled the desolation after the war. The second sentence says that tobacco is boundless, crows are noisy, and people are sparsely populated, which is ready for the latter two paragraphs. "Several ruins surround the old well, and it has always been someone else", which is the main word in the poem and has rich connotations. It used to be a place where people lived, but now there are only ruins and old wells, and everything is gone. This short four-line poem depicts the most typical and true picture of post-war decadence. Typical environment and typical details make the parting scene so real and touching, and strongly highlight the theme of "anti-war".
The second group (30 points)
1. Read the following words and then answer this question. (6 points)
Huanxisha
Er Yun Yuan Meng Zi Zhou Shuyuan Autumn Night Er Die.
Yuji
The sky is crisp, the autumn is crisp and the first night is long. Floating dust dispelled the fog. The lonely moon becomes a dangerous wall. The sound of the golden well is only exposed, and the jade steps are colorless and suspicious of frost. Don't listen to people, just sing.
(1) The word "Cheng Cheng" in the sentence "Cheng Cheng's lonely moon turned to a dangerous wall" is well used. Please make a brief analysis in whole words. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) What kind of artistic conception has the whole word rendered? What role does "singing without listening to people" play in rendering this artistic conception? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A: (1) "Clear" means bright and clear. In the sky of Wan Li, the vast fog has disappeared, and only a solitary moon shines brightly. The use of the word "Chengcheng" not only highlights the brightness of the moonlight, but also renders the peace of the environment.
(2) The whole poem presents a peaceful and tranquil artistic conception. "Singing without listening to people" plays a role in rendering this artistic conception.
Appreciation of Poetry: This word is lofty and worth reading. The first sentence uses the words "the sky is crisp and the autumn is crisp", which pushes the realm of crisp autumn to an infinite height. The second sentence was written at night, which eliminated the noise during the day, but I felt that something was missing and I was at a loss. It was not until the bright moon appeared from the high palace wall that I felt a sense of peace and tranquility. The last film focuses on the scene when the autumn moon does not appear, paving the way for the appearance of the bright moon. The next movie focuses on the scene when the moon comes out. Jinjing is dripping, and the drops can be heard; There is a moon on the jade steps, such as frost; I don't hear people talk, only autumn insects whisper. Render a quiet atmosphere. The whole poem is purely about scenery, without any emotion, but every sentence is full of emotion, which highlights the author's inner peace.
2. Read the following Yuanqu and answer the questions. (6 points)
[Huang Zhong] is getting higher and higher.
Dongting Lujiao Temple City Wall (①)
Lu Zhi
After a storm comes a calm, the river is full of bright moon. The wind is a little wave, and the boat is a leaf. In the middle of the night, I have a heart, a dream and Wan Li. Don't sleep in the awning window.
Note: ① This poem was written on Lu Zhi's way to be the anti-corruption envoy of Lingbei Road in Hunan Province. 2 Midnight Heart: Don't hate parting in the dead of night. ③ Three Life Dreams: Buddhism takes the past, the future and the present as three lives. Dreams, dreamland in dreams.
(1) which word is used well in the last sentence of this song, "sleeping by the window of the awning"? Why? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) What is the relationship between the first four sentences and the last four sentences of this song? Try to make a brief analysis (3 points)
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Answer: (1) The word "boring" is well used. There is a word "boring" here. First, summed up the above two reasons for "boredom", that is, staying away from Beijing, worrying about staying sad and not hating, worrying about your future and destiny; The second is to make the finishing point and lay the emotional tone of this song.
(2) The first four sentences of this song are in contrast with the last four sentences. The first four sentences describe a picture of "after the rain clears, the clouds open and the river is full of bright moons". The wind is a little wave, and the boat is a leaf. The last four sentences express the author's inner sadness and resentment. With beautiful scenery lining the sad feelings, the sad feelings are sadder and people are more susceptible to infection.
3. Read the following words and answer the questions. (6 points)
Huanxisha ①
Jiangkui
The geese are afraid of heavy clouds and refuse to crow and draw boats and worry about the west of Shitang. The first wind and waves are forbidden. Spring has gradually ushered in green, and Xiaomei should grow branches. A year's lights bring people home.
Note: ① Five days before New Year's Eve, the author went home and passed through Suzhou and Wu Song on the way, so he wrote this word. ② Shitang: a small long bridge in Suzhou. 3 heads: refers to the bow. Evil: fierce, fierce. Forbidden: Dominated by.
(1) The author said that "the painting boat is worried about the west of Shitang", as if it were carrying a boat full of worries. Why do you think the author will be "worried" after returning to China? (2 points)
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(2) What's the difference between Part I and Part II? What are the advantages of this arrangement? (4 points)
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Answer: (1) The author is worried because the wind and waves hit the bow and delayed the author's return.
(2) The setting tone of the last film is bleak and heavy: geese are afraid of heavy clouds, painting boats and worrying, and the wind and waves come first. The tone of the next film is cheerful: spring is full and Xiaomei is full of vitality; The lamp hurried home, warm. The advantage of this arrangement is that, by contrast, the sadder the last film is, the more it can highlight the joy and joy of the author who is closer to home. (or the above bleak scenes can set off the joy of returning home. )
Appreciation of Poetry: This word is about the joy of going home in the New Year. Began to write into the air, the geese were silent, crossed the clouds and flew to the south. This picture is only a portrayal of the author anxious to return. The second sentence was written by the author himself. There is a word "sorrow" in the sentence, which seems to be a boat full of sorrow. What are you worried about at home? It turned out to be "the first wave of evil prohibition." Can the wind and waves stop those who return home? "Spring is welcoming green", the river turns green, and spring is coming, patting the oars. "Xiaomei wants to grow branches of the yamen", imagining Xiaomei at home at this time, new branches grow out, almost as high as the door. Conclude with "one year's lights call people home" and turn deep affection into light language. The lights on New Year's Eve are only used once a year. The lights urged people to go home quickly to celebrate the New Year. It not only wrote the urgency of the family returning home, but also wrote the urgency of the author returning home. This is the inevitable conclusion of the emotional development of the whole word, and the deep affection can be seen in simple language. The remarkable artistic feature of this word is to write happiness with sad scenery and deep affection with light pen. In the first part, the gloomy scenes such as geese's fear of heavy clouds, boats' worries and waves' bows set off the joy of returning home. In the next film, I wrote down my deep homesickness with light words such as spring is green, Xiaomei is growing branches, and the lights are urging me home.
4. Read the following Song lyrics and answer the questions. (6 points)
Huanxisha
Dongting
Zhang Xiaoxiang
Do everything from Xiaoxiang to Dongting. There are several peaks in chutian. The flag tip is still the same, and the waves are flat in the evening. Polygonum hydropiper is in a bay, the pattern is chaotic, there are two white fish, and the jade knife is bright. It's cool at night, and the ship's shadow is soaked in the stars.
Note: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Refers to Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Born by the water.
(1) What kind of scenery is the first movie about this word, and what kind of picture is it depicted? (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) A variety of artistic techniques were used in the next film of Ci. Please give two examples for simple appreciation. (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A: (1) The first part depicts the vast chutian, blue peaks, calm lakes and ships moored at night, and depicts an open and peaceful landscape painting.
(2)① Dynamic and static combination. "Ming" means that the fish jumped out of the water. In such a quiet environment, you can see the movement in silence. ② Metaphor and contrast. Comparing the two-tailed white fish to a jade knife not only describes the characteristics of fish, but also forms a sharp contrast with the color of Polygonum hydropiper, giving people a strong sense of color. 3 imagine. It was evening when the ship was moored, and the phrase "the ship's shadow was immersed in the night star" directly turned into a night scene, showing the beautiful realm of the imaginary ship's shadow covering the reflection of the starry sky. Name two technologies and analyze them briefly. )
Appreciation of Poetry: This poem was written by Zhang Xiaoxiang when he was transferred from Tan Zhifu (now Changsha, Hunan) to Jingnan (Jingzhou, now Jiangling, Hubei) in 1 168 (the fourth year of Song Xiaozong Road), and he was also the envoy of Jinghu Road to Dongting Lake. He set out from Changsha and sailed to Dongting Lake. In the previous journey, he used the word "walking in Xiaoxiang" as a brush, and the word "going to Dongting" led to the following. The sentence "Chu Tianfeng is numerous" properly describes the panoramic view of Dongting Lake. "The flag tip is motionless, and the waves are flat at night" is the scene when the official ship berths at night, which shows the quietness and beauty of nature. The next film is about what you saw and heard after stopping to see the lake. The phrase "Polygonum hydropiper with a messy pattern in a bay, white fish with two tails and a bright jade knife" is not only neat in antithesis, but also shows another interest with the change of scenery, giving people a bright sense of red and white. Compared with "white fish", the word "Polygonum hydropiper" feels that the author's conception is exquisite and meticulous. The author not only wrote the Polygonum hydropiper reflected in a distant inlet, but also wrote a double-tailed white fish like a knife. The phrase "the boat's shadow soaks into the night star" is particularly intriguing in terms of scenery.
5. Look at Yuanqu and answer the questions. (6 points)
[Huang Zhong] The moon is full.
Ni Zan note
Don't ask about the sad past of the previous dynasty, I went back to Yuewangtai. Partridges are singing, the east wind blows to the first green and the sun blooms. I looked at the sky alone with sadness. The mountains were still there, and my country was not there. There were mossy trees everywhere, and it was desolate. The bright moon overhead, soft and bright, still shines on the previous dynasty, but where did it come from?
Note: The author lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. As an intellectual of Han nationality, he will never forget the tragic history of Yuan Bing's going south and the demise of Song Dynasty. Therefore, he never became an official in his life and lived in seclusion under the Yuan regime. In his later years, he often recalled the past, cherished the motherland and expressed his worries.
What kind of picture does this Yuanqu depict? Try to make a brief analysis (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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(2) What is the "poetic eye" of this Yuanqu? Try to make a brief analysis (3 points)
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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A: (1) This Yuanqu depicts a picture of a partridge moaning on the Yuewang platform. The east wind blows green grass, flowers bloom in the setting sun, the castle peak is still cold, the trees are covered with moss, and the moon is on its head.
(2) The "poetic eye" of this Yuanqu is "sadness". The first sentence in the film directly points out the main idea and is written on Yuewangtai, which is sad. The second sentence, "Where the partridges are crying, the east wind is green and the flowers are blooming in the sunset", through the description of the scenery, the desolation is rendered. The next film "Lonely Cry in Disappointment" directly expresses feelings again, ending the sentence with a question and expressing the author's inner anguish.
Appreciation of Poetry: This song is a nostalgic work written by the author when he re-boarded Shaoguang Yuewangtai. The "land of crossing the sea", including the vast areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, not only has the history of revenge of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, but also is the political and economic center of the Southern Song Dynasty. People who come here are particularly likely to arouse the grief of national subjugation and the desire to restore rivers and mountains. Today, the author revisited the important place of the former dynasty and boarded the Yuewangtai of Gou Jian's revenge. His feelings cannot be suppressed. This poem is full of anxiety and emotion from the beginning. From Gou Jian's hard work, to Fu Cha's fatuous subjugation, to the fall of Zhao and Song Dynasties, and to the rise and fall of today's dynasty (Yuan Dynasty), the past is unbearable, but unavoidable. "Where the partridges crow, the east wind and green flowers bloom", these external scenery are stained with a strong bleak color. "Lonely", has his mood calmed down? This work has taken a step forward: at this time, after the dim night, the author's resentment seems to have been released, but his mood is still not calm.