Cold clearly describes the coldness of the river and expresses the endless sadness in the author's heart. The word "cage" is used in the poem, which combines four kinds of scenery: light smoke, light moon, cold water and fine sand, and vividly depicts a night scene on both sides of Qinhuai River with moonlight confusion and light smoke floating, giving people a sense of confusion.
Bo Qinhuai
(Tang) Du Mu
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
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Blurred moonlight and light smoke enveloped the cold sea and white beach, and the boat was moored at Qinhuai restaurant on the shore at night.
The singer doesn't know what the revenge of national subjugation is, but she is still singing "Flowers Crossing the River in Yushu Back Garden".
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works appreciation
"Bo Qinhuai" is one of Du Mu's representative works, which is contained in 523 volumes of "All Tang Poems". The following is the appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhao, a professor at the College of Literature of Anhui Normal University.
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the strait, which was the place where rich and bureaucratic literati feasted at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that it is rare to write a poem (Yan Yu's Pale Shi Lang Dialect). The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water.
It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant".
However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression.
Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "a cage of cold water and moon sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Sleeping at Qinhuai Edge"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits. "Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem.
Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings.
Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish.
However, in this declining era, some people do not think about national affairs, but use this voice of national subjugation for fun, which can not help but make poets worry that history will repeat itself. The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery.
The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion.
These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Bo Qinhuai