1, what is the spiritual victory method?
The core of "Ah Q Spirit" is the method of spiritual victory. Ah Q is at the bottom of underdeveloped society. He will always be a loser, but he has adopted an incredible attitude to defend and whitewash his failed fate and slavery. This "spiritual victory law" is one of the most serious ideological obstacles to the awakening and revitalization of the Chinese nation. Lu Xun's True Story of Ah Q is a self-criticism of our nation. From the perspective of anthropological connotation, Ah Q, as an "individual life", faces almost all human survival dilemmas. And all his efforts and struggles are a cycle of despair, and he can only return to himself helplessly. In this way, the choice of "spiritual victory law" is almost beyond reproach. This does not change the humiliating state of human failure at all, but makes people satisfied with the compensation of illusory "spiritual victory", and then surrenders to reality and becomes a slave to the existing environment. It is Lu Xun's face-up to this living state that reveals an important aspect of human spiritual phenomenon, thus making himself have significance and value beyond the times and the nation.
2. Briefly describe Mao Dun's novel achievements.
Mao Dun's unique exploration of novel art is first manifested in the choice of theme and the excavation of theme. His novels pay attention to the theme and the epochal significance of the theme, and require his creation to be as synchronized as possible with historical events, and consciously pursue "great ideological depth" and "broad historical content", which can reflect the panorama of the times and the epic nature of its development. He provided us with a chronicle of China society in the first half of the 20th century. Secondly, in order to meet the needs of the development of novel art, Mao Dun paid more attention to the versatility and complexity of the characters in the novel, unfolded their behaviors, emotions, psychology and personality, and pursued the "three-dimensional" oil painting effect. His characterization can better show the literary characteristics of the second decade of modern literature. Another important contribution of Mao Dun in characterization is that he consciously created "series of characters", mainly creating two series of images of national capitalists and new women of the times. For various reasons, the image of national capitalists has always been a weak link in the gallery of modern literary figures. Mao Dun's unique creation makes up for this defect to some extent, which has special historical and aesthetic value. In addition, as a conscious novel artist, his remarkable feature is that he attaches great importance to the novel structure. He pursues grand and rigorous layout, and his works are always full of characters, complicated plots, complicated clues, compact and complete. In the artistic expression of novels, he pays special attention to delicate psychological description and pursues the unity of social and historical analysis and social psychological analysis, which is of great significance to improve the status of psychological description in modern Chinese novel art.
3. Compare and analyze the satirical art of Sha Ting and Zhang Tianyi.
A: Sha Ting's satirical art focuses on "farmers' humor". When he was sarcastic, he was silent and dignified. He is good at depicting the deep psychology through the details of the characters' manners, and the atmosphere at the scene is mixed with some poetry, and so on. Zhang Tianyi is good at grasping the habitual movements and expressions of characters, highlighting their souls, satirizing sharp agility and exaggeration.
4. Why is the "New Sensation School" popular in 1930s the most complete modernist school in modern China?
A: The first is the definition of "modernism". Modernist literature, also known as "modernist" literature, is quite different from traditional realism and romanticism in the19th century, which is characterized by absurdity and deformation in form, sense of crisis and disillusionment in content, emphasis on subject and mind, and irrationality. There are two basic reasons why Neo-sensationalism is the most complete school in modern China. First, Neo-sensationalism is deeply influenced by French modernist literature and Japanese Neo-sensationalism literature. It observes the city from the perspective of modern people and shows the living form of urbanites covered by modern commercial civilization. This is mainly content analysis; Secondly, in terms of expression and writing skills, we draw lessons from a large number of western writing methods, including psychoanalysis, montage, stream of consciousness, and ways to explore the deep human nature with sexual psychology.
5. The cultural connotation and stylistic features of Xiao Hong's Biography of Hulan River.
A: As far as cultural connotation is concerned, Biography of Hulan River has the nature of childhood memory. It mainly describes the way of life of hometown people in memory, especially the harm of traditional and backward cultural customs to people. The northeast customs described are not only strongly regional or local, but also universal. Stylistic features: creating "poetic novels" or "prose novels". His novel structure, language and lyric style are also very artistic.
6. Through the analysis of specific poems, this paper discusses the evolution of Dai Wangshu's poetic ideas and styles in the 1920s and 1930s.
A: Dai Wangshu was the leader of modernist poetry in the 1930s. In his early creation, he paid attention to the musicality of poetry, and conveyed a soft and sentimental mood among the hazy images. His masterpiece Rain Lane is a representative, which is unique in syllable arrangement and image structure. However, after My Memory, the poet actively rebelled against music, wrote modern life experiences in daily spoken language, looked for shoes that fit him, and excavated more "cordial" and "suggestive" styles from the internal rhythm of language.
7. On the relationship between Lu Xun's essays and novels.
A: First of all, Lu Xun's essays and novels share the same cultural standpoint, and they often confirm and complement each other in cultural criticism and ideological criticism. Secondly, the modeling of typical characters in Lu Xun's novels is similar to the "* * * names" that often appear in essays in creative thinking and artistic techniques; Thirdly, Lu Xun's New Stories is a collection of novels closely related to essays, and the repeated use of modern details (artistic techniques of blending ancient and modern) enhances its authenticity, such as centering on ancient events such as Laozi and Zhuangzi Nuwa, interspersed with funny people, which often appears in their mouths.
8. Analysis on the changes of Dai Wangshu's poetic style after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War.
Another change in his poetic style began with 1939' s "Blessing the Day of the Yuan". The new change of poetic style is manifested in the change from expressing personal sentimental feelings to combining personal destiny with the destiny of the motherland, and some poems with strong patriotism and tragic spirit have been written. Written in the Japanese-occupied Hong Kong prison, the walls in the prison express the "deep hatred" for the invaders, the incomparable yearning for freedom and sunshine, and the optimistic belief that the national integrity would rather die than surrender and win the war of resistance. I use the broken palm to express my hatred of the invaders and my deep love for the motherland by contrasting the gorgeous past with the bloody present, and firmly believe that it represents a new "eternal China" that an enemy can never invade. "I am successful" expresses my belief in light. These poems are written clearly and affectionately. In art, this kind of poetry belongs to realism from content to creation method, which shows his transformation from modernism to realism. In the form of poetry, most of them rhyme, pay attention to meter and sentence pattern, and return from the free body of prose culture to the new meter body at a higher level.
9. Analysis of the main features of Zhang Ailing's novels.
Desolate, peculiar, eclectic, elegant and popular are the unique styles of Zhang Ailing's novels. Born in the former Qing Dynasty, Zhang Ailing's parents divorced, and her family life was fragmented and full of tyranny and destruction, which made her feel the incompleteness of human emotions and the loneliness and desolation of life earlier, which set the tone for her later novel creation. In The Story of Golden Lock, Love in the Whole City, Fragrant Aquilaria Fragrant-The First Pot of Incense and other works, Zhang Ailing wrote about the rampant ghost of lust, the evil shadow of gold and all kinds of crazy and abnormal psychology in China middle-class families in Shanghai and Hongkong. The characters such as Cao, Cao, Cao, Cao and Cao are vivid in the novel, showing a deformity and desolation. In Zhang Ailing's Moldy Green Gorgeous Bronze Incense Burner, the common themes of foreign modernism, such as agarwood, sexual psychology, sexual metamorphosis, complex and divided personality, are burning, showing the writer's subjective emotionalism tendency everywhere. Most of her works are about love and marriage, which shows the erosion of human emotional life by her pure and sincere love and money society. "Golden Lock" directly attacks the calculation of buying and selling marriage, urban love and marital bitterness, and there are many works such as "Xiang Shen Xiang-the first pot of incense" and "Compassion". They all describe the love between the two sexes and the widowed life in the money society. For these, Zhang Ailing feels infinitely desolate. In a word, desolation and strangeness are the keynote of Zhang Ailing's novels, and at the same time, her novels are a combination of Chinese and western cultures, appealing to both refined and popular tastes.
10. Briefly describe the artistic features of Yu Dafu's novels.
The idea of Yu Dafu's novels: 1) shows the youth's pursuit of personality liberation and the sorrow of "leftover women" in the May 4th Movement. The images of "leftover women" in Yu Dafu's novels are some intellectuals who have been baptized by modern thoughts. They either suffer ethnic discrimination in foreign countries, such as the protagonist in Sink, or are oppressed by society at home and forgotten by the world, such as Spring Breeze and a Drunk Night in Borden. 2) Patriotism and humanitarianism. In the works about students studying in Japan, such as Sinking and Dying in Silver Grey, the humiliation suffered by the hero as a subject of a weak country is described. Before "The Sinking Hero" committed suicide by jumping into the sea, it generated and issued a voice of loving the motherland and hoping that the motherland would be strong, expressed a distinct anti-imperialist patriotic thought, and accused Japanese militarism of ethnic discrimination with blood and tears. This is also the author's own experience. 3) Make a bold and frank psychological description in the novel. What is particularly criticized by critics is the novel's undisguised description of morbid and abnormal sexual psychology, which is unacceptable to Taoism in China. Zhou Zuoren was the first person to stand up and comment positively on Yu Dafu's novels. He believes that "although there are obscene elements in Sinking, there is no moral essence", so he thinks Sinking is a work of art.