Hate to say goodbye
The length of a line is 4 thousand Li, and Hu rode for five or six years.
The vegetation weakened and went beyond the sword, and the soldiers blocked the old river.
I miss my home, but I miss my brother. I watch the clouds and sleep during the day.
I heard that Heyang was going to win, and Stuart was worried about Youyan.
translate
I have been wandering since I left Los Angeles, four thousand miles away. It has been five or six years since the Anshi Rebellion went straight to the Central Plains.
The vegetation changed from green to decline, and I came outside Jiange, blocked by the war, and gradually grew old and went to the river.
I miss my hometown and my brother. On a cold moonlit night, I couldn't sleep and suddenly stepped to stand.
On a cold day, I lay watching the clouds, and I slept very tired. It's gratifying to hear that Stuart has conquered Heyang and is chasing the enemy, eager to win Youyan.
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To appreciate this poem, one should pay attention to the expressive effect of refined words, and the other should pay attention to the implicit implication of expression, which contains feelings in the description and narration of images. On the one hand, the words "farewell" in the first couplet, "long drive", "decline" and "old" in the couplet show the arrogance of the rebels, on the other hand, they also show the poet's helplessness, sadness and haggard experience in the Anshi Rebellion. "Necklace" describes the life details of "staying at night, staying up all day, worrying but not normal", and expresses the feelings of homesickness and missing my brother in twists and turns. The words "homesickness" and "missing my brother" in these two sentences are intertextual, which euphemistically and tortuous express the infinite yearning for my loved ones and highlight the moral of the topic of "hate farewell". Shen Deqian commented on this couplet: "If you say how to think and remember, things will be easy."
The first couplet takes "hate farewell" and points out the theme of homesickness and worrying about the country. "Four thousand Li", hate being far from home. "Five or six years" is a long period of war. Personal hardship and national hardship are all reflected in these quantifiers.
Zhuan Xu describes the poet's exile in Shu. "All plants and trees are decaying" comes from Song Yu's Nine Arguments. Here refers to the ups and downs of vegetation, inheriting the "five or six years" of the previous sentence, suggesting that it has been in Shu for many years, and at the same time echoes the "old" of the next sentence, which is deeper than the poet's own wandering and haggard. When the poet came to Chengdu, thanks to the help of relatives and friends, he lived a relatively stable life in the thatched cottage, but he never forgot his homesickness and love for his loved ones. Because of the "military blockade", he could not return to his hometown and had to live on the edge of Jinjiang. The word "old" on the "old riverside" is sad and gloomy and inexhaustible.
By describing the life details of "sleepless at night, worrying but not normal" (detailed notes in Du Shaoling Collection), the Neck Couplet expresses the deep feelings of homesickness and missing my brother in a tortuous way. Du Fu has four younger brothers, named Du Guan, Feng Du and Du Zhan. Among them, Du Guan and Feng Du are scattered all over the country, and only Du Zhan went to Shu with Du Fu. The words "homesickness" and "thinking of my brother" are intertextual. On a moonlit night, I couldn't sleep, and suddenly I stood still. Lying and watching clouds during the day, I slept very tired. Du Fu's restless behavior is a euphemistic and tortuous expression of his infinite feelings of missing his loved ones, which highlights the meaning of "hate parting" in the title. It is not an abstract sentiment, but a concrete and vivid image, which allows readers to feel the sadness contained in the image themselves. The technique is ingenious and poetic.
Tail Union responded to the second sentence, expressing Du Fu's good news that Tang Jun Lien Chan won the victory, and looking forward to breaking Youyan at an early date and putting down the rebellion. In March of the first year of Shangyuan (760), the proofreader Stuart Li Guangbi broke Antaiqing under Huaizhou City; In April, Shi Siming was broken in the river of Zhu Xi. This is the historical fact of "victory" in poetry. At that time, Li Guangbi was eager to attack Youyan, the lair of the rebels, to break the deadlock. Du Fu is looking forward to national rejuvenation, and he can return to his hometown himself. There's nothing better. This poem ends with a hopeful sentence, and the feelings turn from sadness to joy, which shows Du Fu's open mind.
These seven methods use simple and beautiful language to describe lyricism, which is near and far, with simple words and deep feelings. Du Fu combined his personal experience with the destiny of the country, and each sentence contains rich connotations and is full of poetry, which is worthy of readers' repeated aftertaste.