The scenery is resentful and desolate (visual)
In that distorted society, ladies-in-waiting are redundant people, without status and status, and are not favored by the emperor. Maids-in-waiting were elected to the palace because of their good looks, but they were accompanied by endless loneliness and loneliness. The tragic inner world of ladies-in-waiting is intuitively displayed in Tang poetry, which is reflected in many aspects, such as lining people with flowers, writing people with full moon, and feeling sorry for themselves in the mirror in the morning.
Write sadness with flowers: Bright flowers are often a symbol of life and liveliness, and also a sign of youthful vitality. Of course, it can set off the misfortune of maids, but flowers and leaves can also set off more tragic experiences. A typical example is Du Xunhe's necklace, "Beautiful birds singing and flowers climbing in a sunny day" in Hating the Spring Palace. Hu Zai, a famous critic in the Song Dynasty, said in Volume XXIII of Poems: "As the saying goes,' There are 300 poems by Du Fu, but only one couplet'-'The weather is beautiful and the birds are singing high'." This shows how lively this poem was at that time. The wind is "warm" and the birds are "broken", which are filled with the fresh breath of life and youthful vitality, but also reflect the resentment and resentment of the left-out maids. Liu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty who was almost contemporary, wrote the last two sentences of his quatrain "Spring Complaint": "Lonely and empty, spring dawn, pear blossoms everywhere." There is no one in the yard now, and it is the late spring season when the flowering period has already passed. The whole yard makes people feel lonely and deserted, making people want to cry. Beauty is like a pear flower, dying, how sad its life experience is, and how fleeting its youth is. Wang Changling's quatrains "Peach Blossom in the Spring Palace" and Zhu Qingyu's quatrains "When the flowers are lonely, the courtyard is closed, and the beauties in Qiongxuan stand side by side" are also vivid sentences describing the distress of maids.
Full Moon Writing Love: Moonlight is the embodiment of tranquility and serenity, which can allude to a person's quiet and peaceful inner world. When there is a moon, it will also make people homesick. The description of moonlight in "Poems of Palace Complaints" also includes these. Wang Changling's "Spring Palace Complaints" says: "Last night, the wind opened peach blossoms, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang." First of all, it depicts a faint palace landscape full of spring and tranquility. Poetry touches the mood with peach blossoms and hints at the mood with moonlight. Here, touching things is a metaphor for a maid-in-waiting, just like a peach blossom dipped in rain and dew, giving consideration to competition and prosperity; Here, the moon, which had no distinction between high and low, was also said to be "the moon in front of Weiyang Temple is high", just because it is a place where the old and the new are loved and abandoned, and it is a sad place that the fallen maid-in-waiting yearns for but can't get close to, so she feels that the moon is high and low, and the emperor is near and far. Li Bai's five-line poem "Jade Family" is also written in this way: "The jade steps are cold and dew, and the silk bottom is wet, which has been lingering for a long time. Behind her closed window, why is she still waiting, looking at the glory of the autumn moon through the crystal glass? Late at night, deep resentment, deeper sadness, and a feeling of quiet and loneliness arise. Maid-in-waiting, moonlight, like the moon pity people, like people pity the moon; If people don't accompany the moon, why should other things accompany people? The moon is speechless, and people are speechless. Complaining without complaining is far deeper than complaining. For example, in Gu Kuang's Gong Ci, three or four sentences say that "the moon shadows open at night, and the water curtain is near Qiu Jiang", and Du Mu's Autumn Evening says that "the silver candle draws a cold screen, and the small fan flies lightly. Day and night are as cool as water. "Look at the Petunia and the Weaver Girl" is also a wonderful poem that writes sadness with a full moon.
Self-pity in the mirror: the mirror can truly reflect the original face of the character. The ladies-in-waiting look at themselves in the mirror, either to win the king's favor or to lament that time flies and youth is hard to come by. Feng Xue's seven laws "Gong Ci" say: "Twelve-room girls, putting on their daily makeup, look at the master of Xiange from afar. The door of the door is locked and the door of the door is locked inside. The copper dragon funnel is getting slower and slower, and the waiting time is longer. The comb on the temples can give you a mirror, and a robe can add fragrance to it. Because she saw that between the screens, in the depths of the palace, robes and palaces swept the royal bed. " Maid-in-waiting and concubines deliberately dress up, the only purpose is to please the emperor, and the only thing they can do is to charm people with colors. Looking in the mirror, we can see that the first couplet of this poem is about hope. The couplet sets off their hopes with the environment, and the neckline reflects their expectations with actions. At the end, Du Xunhe's "Hating the Spring Palace" is conspicuously written: "I was mistaken by cicada Juan, and I sighed in the mirror. How should I dress myself to please a picky emperor? ? The bird's song is broken, it is for the warm spring breeze; When the sun is at noon, the flower shadows will appear thick. Girls in the south are picking hibiscus year after year and dreaming of love. "
It is difficult to understand sadness when hearing sound (hearing)
Lonely and abandoned life, monotonous and spacious courtyard, can only make ladies-in-waiting do their best to see, listen or think, and pass it on layer by layer, which is sad and difficult to relax. Look, you can only sit and watch the sky; Look, you can also put it down for a while. Du Xunhe's "Hating the Spring Palace" and "Beautiful Birds Singing in a Sunny Day", a bird singing makes people uneasy and heartbroken; The fourth sentence in Feng Xue's Seven Laws "Gong Ci", "The bell is ringing in the morning", also depicts the anxious mentality of ladies-in-waiting eager to find spiritual sustenance. Bai Juyi's seven-character quatrain "Gong Ci" "Tears wet the silk scarf dream, and the temple sings in the middle of the night. The same is true of the beauty who broke before she was old, sitting in the Ming Dynasty leaning against the smoking cage and writing her feelings with her hearing.
In addition, the third sentence of Wang Changling's "Hating the Spring Palace", "Pingyang's singing and dancing heart is favored", is an excellent detail to describe the favor of maid-in-waiting enterprises. The word "new favor" naturally reminds people of the old man who just fell out of favor. He may be standing under the eaves of a secluded palace with moonlight like water, looking at the emperor's bedroom, listening to the songs and dances of new people, with his loneliness and sadness and his resentment.
Let's look at Gu Kuang's four-line poem "Gong Ci": "On the jade building, there is a blow in the middle of the night, and the wind sends laughter and peace to the palace. The shadow of the Moon Palace smells the night leak, and the water curtain rolls close to Qiu Jiang. " Here, the artistic techniques of contrast and contrast used in poetry are very distinct. The more the poet portrays the beloved famous prostitute as a warm and cheerful scene, the more he can reflect the coldness and helplessness of the famous prostitute who is listening carefully. Those beautiful tall buildings and beautiful music once belonged to themselves, but they are all lost with the loss of grace and will never be reversed.
Complaining because of emotion, overflowing with grief and indignation (illusion)
Illusion, like sight and hearing, is one of the main sensory extensions that accompany the lonely life of maids. They can't see or hear, and their thoughts have to surge, and their passion is hard to suppress.
"In the faded old palace, peonies were red, but no one came to see them. The ladies-in-waiting are already white-haired and arguing about the grand occasion of Tang Xuanzong. " It is a well-known poem in Yuan Zhen Palace. As long as we connect them, we can imagine that this is a description of the past of several white-haired maids who entered the palace and survived during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When they were young, they must be beautiful and charming, but they were imprisoned in this deserted palace. They are lonely and bored all day, watching the flowers bloom and fall in the palace. Year after year, their youth disappeared, their faces were haggard and their white hair was frequent. They are isolated from the world and have no other topics. They can only review the anecdotes of Tianbao Xuanzong. The last two sentences in Du Xunhe's Hating the Spring Palace are similar to those in Yuan Zhen's Divorce from the Palace.
The above two poems are all about the maid-in-waiting "daring to speak", but Zhu Qingyu's words in the palace are different: "When the flowers are lonely, the courtyard doors are closed and the beauties stand side by side. Talking passionately about things in the palace, parrots dare not speak in front of people. " This poem is very typical, and the ladies-in-waiting dare not "say"! In the picturesque scenery, two beautiful women (maids in waiting) stand side by side, forming a silent picture of beautiful women. They began to speak, and finally they were speechless, not because their feelings were too subtle to express, nor because they were too shy to speak, nor because their knowledge was too timid to speak. It contains resentment, and you are not talking about pleasure, but you know it.
In the empty and desolate old palace, there is only the lonely brilliant red of Hua Gong. Poets in the Tang Dynasty are good at describing the lonely, sad and sorrowful palace life of maids with vision, hearing, illusion and touch, and their artistic techniques have reached a peak.