Eugè ne Pottier (1816-1887) was born in a family of handicraft workers who made wood products. He studied hard in a hard environment and absorbed knowledge and nutrition from the books he could find. He was deeply impressed by the poems of Bertrand Ray, a French revolutionary democratic poet. 1830 When the revolution broke out in July, he wrote his first poem "Long live freedom" at the age of 14. From then on, he began to take poetry as a weapon, embarked on a revolutionary journey, gradually changed from a Democrat to a socialist, and joined the First International on 1870, becoming a member of the Paris Branch Federation of the First International.
187 1 year, the Paris commune revolution broke out in France. The heroic Paris workers established the first proletarian regime, and on March 28th, the commune was established. Porter has successively served as a member of the Central Committee of the National Guard, the Central Committee of the 20th District and the commune. As a member of the commune social service committee, he was praised as "one of the most enthusiastic commune members".
After the failure of the Paris Commune, under the cover of the masses, he hid in the attic of the house of martel Kit and survived. On this sad day, he can't be calm. On May 30th, he wrote a magnificent poem-"International" that shocked the whole world with a fighting pen, and officially declared "fire" to the enemy.
1887, he died in poverty, and the people of Paris held a grand funeral for him. In the second year after his death, pierre degeyter, a French worker composer, wrote a tune for The Internationale with passion. Since then, it has become the favorite song of proletarians all over the world. From France to Qianshan, it has spread all over the world. The Spanish translation of The Internationale appears in 1890, the Norwegian translation in 1899, and the German, English and Italian translations of The Internationale in 190 1. Party member Coates, the Russian Bolshevik Party who translated this song, chose only one, two or six of the six lyrics. 1923, Qu Qiubai translated it from Russian into Chinese, so the Internationale sung in China was only three paragraphs.
1923, Qu Qiubai returned from the Soviet Union, served as the editor-in-chief of New Youth, the organ publication of China's * * * production party, and began to translate the Internationale.
The Internationale was first sung at a workers' rally in Lille, France, from June 6th, 19438 to June 8th, 1988. After more than forty years' circulation, this French workers' war song has become the war song of the proletariat all over the world, and the Soviet people used it to defeat the enemy and finally move towards a new victory. However, in China at that time, The Internationale did not spread. After The Internationale was introduced into China, there were two versions, but both of them were not ideal, and the lyrics were obscure, which was difficult for the working people to accept. This is why this great song has never been sung in China.
Qu Qiubai attended the Ninth All-Russian Soviet Congress in the Soviet Union and met Lenin. He was greatly encouraged by the vigorous development and revolutionary spirit of various undertakings in this new socialist country. He had already made up his mind to retranslate the Internationale, making it widely circulated in China and becoming the battle song of the proletarian revolution in China.
The purpose of retranslating The Internationale is to make the translated lyrics accurate and easy to sing, and to spread among the working people. At that time, Qu Qiubai lived in his uncle's house in Niu Niu, Huanghuamen, Beijing. Guarding an organ, he began to translate the Internationale. He compared the original word for word. Sometimes I meditate, sometimes I play and sing. Every lyric has to be finalized again and again. He stood up while translating, singing and translating the word "international". This word has only two words in Chinese, but it is a long list of syllables in foreign languages. If the word "international" is translated into "international-must be realized" like the original score. The word "international" drags on for so long, it is difficult to sing, and it is very unpleasant.
Qu Qiubai thought hard about how to translate this word. He walked up and down in the hut, humming songs from time to time and thinking about his heart. After his experience in Moscow, another scene came into view: the excited singing voices of proletarians from various countries who yearned for socialism and came to Soviet Russia, the joyful singing voices of the liberated Soviet Russian people, and his own generous singing voice for the truth all converged into a magnificent and invincible melody, which echoed in his ears. He stopped suddenly, went to the piano insightful, put his finger on the keys and played this passage of the Internationale forcefully. Accompanied by the clear rhythm of the piano, he sang in a low but very solemn voice: "Internalxiong Nell, it must be realized!" "Lyrics and songs blend so harmoniously! Qu Qiubai finally solved this problem by transliteration.
After translating The Internationale, he once said to Cao Jinghua: "The word' international' is almost homophonic in the languages of western European countries. Now that Chinese has been transliterated, it not only makes singing possible, but more importantly, it can sing synchronously with the voices of other countries, so that the working people in China and the proletarians in the world can respond in unison to achieve the effect of sound synchronization and emotional integration. "
1924, Qu Qiubai was the head of the Department of Sociology, Shanghai University. On May 5th, the anniversary of Marx's birthday, at the commemorative meeting of Shanghai University, Qu Qiubai boarded the high platform and sang "The Internationale" with Ren and other teachers and students among a group of patriotic youths. From then on, this great melody spread all over the world, accompanied by the indomitable struggle between the people of China and the reactionary dark forces, until the final victory.
Qu Qiubai was arrested and killed by Kuomintang reactionaries in Jiangxi on February 1935 after retranslating The Internationale1years later. When he died, he held his head high and sang his own translation of the Internationale. He announced to the enemy with a song: "Internalsonnell, it must be realized"!
The Internationale is cadenced, impassioned, emotional and profound. The Internationale represents a rebellious spirit of the people at the bottom of society, a spirit of resisting oppression, tyranny and exploitation. Where there is oppression, tyranny and exploitation, there is the voice of the Internationale!
Eugè ne portal's Ci
Bill degate's song
Get up, hungry slaves, get up, people suffering all over the world!
Full of blood is boiling, fighting for truth!
The old world is out of water, and slaves are up!
Don't say that we have nothing, we want to be masters of the world!
There has never been a savior, nor does it rely on the immortal emperor.
Creating human happiness depends on ourselves!
We should recapture the fruits of labor and let our thoughts break through the cage.
Let that stove burn red quickly, and you can succeed while the iron is hot!
Who created the human world? It's us working people.
Everything belongs to workers, how can we tolerate parasites!
I hate those poisonous snakes and beasts that eat our flesh and blood.
Once they are destroyed, the bright red sun will shine all over the world!
This is the last struggle, unite until tomorrow,
Internalsonnel must be realized.
This is the last struggle, unite until tomorrow,
Internalsonnel must be realized.
The Origin of the Chinese Version of The Internationale
Eugè ne Pottier wrote in 187 1 and pierre degeyter composed in 1888. L 'Interna-Internationale is the most famous song in the international socialist movement, and it is also the most famous one.
130 For more than 30 years, The Internationale has been translated into many languages and spread all over the world. It used to be the national anthem of the first and second international countries; In the 1920s, the Soviet Union adopted the Internationale as the national anthem. 1944, after the internationale was officially changed to the new national song, it was regarded as the United Bolshevik Party (1952 was renamed the Soviet * * * Production Party) Dang Ge.
As early as the early 20th century, the unsigned Chinese version of The Internationale appeared in some publications in China. The earliest signed Chinese version should be translated and published by Zheng Zhenduo and his friend Geng Jizhi in June 1920 and June 10. But in the form of poetry, there is no soundtrack and it is not suitable for chorus.
1June, 923, the first issue of New Youth published Qu Qiubai's Internationale, which was the earliest one that China could sing. Qu Qiubai transliterated the French word "Internationale" into "Indna Sonnar", which made the words and songs harmonious and catchy, and the Internationale was sung in the society.
The Internationale, which we sang at various parties today, was translated from the Russian version by the poet Xiaosan in 1923. With a song by Chen Qiaonian, the chorus was translated as: "This is the last struggle. If we unite tomorrow, Interna Xiongnell will come true. "
1962, China Music Association and china national radio invited relevant experts to revise the translation of The Internationale.