Descriptive class
Question: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why?
Answer: No, because this word is vivid and specific (vivid and accurate), it will become+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).
Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home. Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's "Dinghushan Listening to Springs")
Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?
Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".
Structure class
Question: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?
Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) words correspond to the above one-to-one; (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and expressive. ...
Example: "Remember: People who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son. (from poached eggs)
Q: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why?
A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.
Rhetoric category
Q: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression?
Answer mode: confirming rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combining sentence context.
1. Metaphor personification: vividly wrote+object+feature.
2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature.
3. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
4. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics.
5. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ;
6. Repetition: Emphasis+Emphasis
For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly. Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002)
Q: How do you understand the sentence "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste happily"? Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly?
A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.
(2), the layout of the topic.
Question: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the text?
Answer mode:
1. Preface: opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning.
I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Looking at him with wide eyes, he approached step by step, but did not dare to hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son)
Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (above) in the work.
Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".
(3) Expression of doubt.
art
Question: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article?
Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function)
For example, the trend of generations of China people traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example. (Excerpted from the National Volume "Local Complex" in 2003)
Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.
A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not fade because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.
Personal courses
Question: What are the advantages of using this person to write? Or: Why change this person?
Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.
For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of Princess Fan came back with the sound of voices in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely.
So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! (Excerpted from the National Volume Great Wall in 2000)
Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?
Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.
(4) The problem of summarizing the main points of content.
Question: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text).
Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers.
My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers)
Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this paragraph can be summarized as three points. Please summarize.
Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated.
A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers.
(5) Questions about appreciating characters.
Question: Please briefly analyze the image of the hero in the article.
Answer: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence.
Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did.
I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney)
Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples.
A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or call me "literary youth" or "idiot" in an extremely vicious tone)
The difference between several groups of manipulations
1, rendering and contrast
Rendering is originally a technique of Chinese painting. Where it needs to be emphasized, the picture is painted with ink or light color to show the image of yin and yang, so as to enhance the artistic effect. Poetry is often used to describe the environment, scenery and so on. These descriptions are positive in many ways to highlight the image.
Contrast is a traditional landscape painting technique in China, in which ink or color is used to draw outside the outline of the object, making the object stand out obviously. Used in poetry, it refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, to make the things to be expressed more vivid and prominent.
2. Contrast and contrast
Set-off is to use similar or opposite conditions between things to highlight what is to be expressed with some things as a set-off. It can make the things that are set off more prominent and vivid. There are two types of foil: positive and negative. Using similar conditions of things to set off is positive contrast; To set off with the opposite conditions of things is to contrast. It emphasizes "lining" one by comparison.
Contrast is to compare things, or scenery, or environment, or characters, or emotional expression, so that people can feel something from it, convey the poet's intention more strongly and clearly, and enhance the artistic effect. It emphasizes expressing a certain meaning more clearly and strongly through comparison.
Contrast and contrast have the meaning of contrast, and they are all done by comparing something (or image or emotion). But contrast is limited to the contrast of relative things (or images or emotions), and contrast can also be the contrast of similar things (or images or emotions). The foothold of comparison through comparison does not lie in either side of comparison, but shows some emotional understanding from comparison; The foothold of contrast is to highlight the side of mutual contrast.
3, film pasting and film pasting
No matter what kind of foil it is, it emphasizes that two things make one of them stand out more by comparison. Stay in a "lining", with special emphasis on things that are similar or relative.
Contrast emphasizes the description or arrangement of a thing from the side, which makes the image of a thing more prominent. Landing is not necessarily something similar or relative, but emphasizes "baking" things horizontally.
Both foil and contrast focus on "support", even if it is to highlight something, an image or an emotion. However, the means of the two are different, and the contrast is mainly accomplished by comparing things (or images or emotions) with similar or related things (or images or emotions); Contrast is mainly achieved by describing the external side of things (or images or emotions).
Setting off is a rhetorical device, which uses other things to set off and contrast, so as to make the characteristics of something more prominent. As far as the nature and relationship between lining and subject are concerned, foil can be divided into positive foil and negative foil.
Positive contrast is to set off and compare the format of the ontology from the front with the scenery or scenery consistent with the ontology.
Contrast is to set off an idea or thing that is opposite or opposite to the ontology from the opposite side.