edit
The poem "Ascending the Mountain" written by Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, was written in 767 AD.
this
The first poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767). The bleak autumn is vividly written by the poet, and the emotions aroused are even more touching. This is not only because of writing about natural autumn, but also because
The poet's strong feelings for the autumn of life. Couplets are vivid, which is a famous sentence spread in later generations. The two 14-character sentences in the neck couplet contain multiple meanings and describe the hardships of life, which makes people feel strong sympathy.
catalogue
1
2 Annotate the translation
Word annotation
Vernacular translation
3 creative background
4 appreciation of works
Literary appreciation
Review of famous artists
5 Introduction to the author
1
Climb (1)
In the sharp wind from the vast sky, apes are whimpering, and the birds of Oshima are flying back.
There is no end to falling wood (4), and I see the long river rolling forward all the time.
Wanli [5] Sad Autumn often made a guest appearance, but she was ill for a hundred years and went on stage alone.
Hard, bitter, bitter, bitter, frosty temples, poor, new and cloudy glasses. [ 1-3]
2 Annotate the translation
Word annotation
(1) a poem called "nine days to climb". In ancient China, there was a custom of climbing mountains on September 9th. Selected from a detailed explanation of Du Fu's poems. It was written on the Double Ninth Festival in the autumn of 767 in Dali, Tang Daizong.
(2) Wail: refers to the shrill cry of an ape.
(3) Zhu (incarnation): a small continent in the water; A small piece of land in the water. Birds fly back: birds fly and hover in the strong wind. Back: turn back and rotate.
(4) Falling wood: refers to falling leaves in autumn. Rustle: Simulates the sound of falling plants.
[5] Wan Li: far from home. Frequent visitor: I have been wandering abroad for a long time.
[6] One hundred years: I still say my whole life, here refers to my old age.
(7) Difficulties: It also refers to national luck and its own destiny. Bitterness and hate: extreme hatred and regret. Bitter, extremely. More temples frost: more white hair, such as temples frost and snow. Countless, here as a verb, increase. [4]
Down and out: depression and frustration. This refers to the old and sick, and the ambition is not stretched. New station: just stopped. Du Fu gave up drinking due to illness in his later years, so he called it a "new stop". [2]
Vernacular translation
It is very sad that there are birds hovering on the river with clear water and white sand.
Endless trees are rustling leaves, and endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
Sad to autumn, I feel that Wan Li has been wandering all the year round, and today he is alone in the high platform due to illness in his later years.
After suffering, the temples are covered with white hair, and the cup of sorrow hangs when it is full of sadness. [2]
3 creative background
This poem was written in the autumn of 767 (two years in Dali, Tang Daizong). At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other. Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate, relying on Yanwu. Shortly after Yanwu's death, Du Fu lost his dependence and had to leave the Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, to buy a boat and go south. I wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but because of illness, I stayed in Yun 'an for several months before I arrived in Kuizhou. If it were not for the concern of the local government, he would not have lived here for three years. In these three years, his life is still very difficult and his health is very poor. [5]
This poem was written by a 56-year-old poet in this extremely embarrassing situation. On that day, he boarded the high platform outside Bai Di, Kuizhou, and climbed up to watch with mixed feelings. What you saw in hope aroused your heart; The bleak scenery of Qiu Jiang evokes his wandering life experience and permeates his old illness and loneliness. Thus, there was this song "Ascending the Mountain", which was known as the "crown of seven laws". [2][4]
4 appreciation of works
Literary appreciation
This poem, selected from Du Gongbu Collection, was written by Du Fu when he was in Kuizhou in the autumn of 767 AD (the second year of Dali). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times.
The first four sentences of this poem are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" keeps coming from the gorge, and there is "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns leisurely" ("Notes on Water Classics on the River")
Meaning of. The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, apes and birds.
Flying, made in heaven, made in heaven. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "day" to "wind" and "height" to "urgency"; The next sentences "Sha" to "Zhu" and "Bai" to "Qing" are all read rhythmically.
Feeling. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. More notably, the first sentence and the last word of a sentence are usually ambiguous, which
Poetry rhymes with a monotonous voice. Shen Deqian's eulogy is "Two rhymes are still used, but they change because of strangeness" (Tang Poetry).
All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". Carefully ponder, "in an article, every sentence is a law, a word.
In the middle, every sentence is the law. "Not only the whole article can be taught, but also the words and sentences." People in ancient and modern times dare not speak, and they will never dare to speak. It is for this reason that we can win the reputation of "a must for all time" (see Hu Yinglin's poems).
Of course.
The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the concrete scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, which integrates form, sound, color and state.
To the performance. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Triple lyric, writing from vertical (time) and horizontal (space), writing in a foreign land.
For the sick and the disabled. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.
This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looks up at the endless rustling leaves, overlooks the endless rolling rivers, and writes the same scenery.
At that time, he deeply expressed his feelings. Endless life makes the rustling and rolling more vivid, which not only reminds people of the rustling of fallen trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys fleeting glory.
The feeling that ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". The predecessors praised it as "a unique step in ancient and modern times" and "a transformation of every sentence", which is well known.
Reasonable.
The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. Alone on the Stage shows the poet looking down from a height, straining his eyes and heart.
Closely linked together. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but a poet's vision.
Seeing the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, I can't help but think of my exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so I feel infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feeling that old guests are most likely to be sad and sick and love to go on stage alone, and compiled a couplet, which is "bold and broad, but loud."
Hiro's confrontation makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this pair of couplets and the "Boundless" and "Endless" of the former pair of couplets also echo each other: the poet's travel worries and
Loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, can be pushed out endlessly and driven away endlessly, and love and scenery are integrated. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of missing a stranger, added the long-lost loneliness, added the feeling of sad autumn and illness, and added the distance from home.
In the past, people's sighs in their twilight deepened their poetry.
The tail is knotted and divided into five or six sentences. The poet is suffering from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he once longed to climb high and look far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here is "soft and cold, infinite sorrow is beyond words" ("Poetry"). [6-8]
Review of famous artists
Lao Du's concentration, I love the chapter "The wind is rushing and the sky is high", and the knot is also weak (Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yan Yuan Yan" in the Ming Dynasty, Volume 4)
"Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward. Sadness is like Li Qiuse. I have been wandering all the year round, and my life is plagued by illness. Today I am alone on the high platform. " What kind of scenes, what kind of things? Song people took "Cui Shi No.9 Blue Sky Villa" as their lawyer's swan song. Why? (Li Ming Dongyang's "Poetry in the Foothills")
When writing a poem, the only way is to be accurate in meter and tone, so that the meaning of the sentence is high and you can cut it. Why harm its work? Humble bones and muscles, although silent, how to make up for it? For example, Lao Du's "The Wind Rises High in the Sky" is the first poem of seven-character rhythm in the Tang Dynasty. (Hu Yinglin's Ming Poetry, Volume 5)
There are 56 chapters in "The wind is rushing and the sky is high", such as corals on the seabed, which are thin and difficult to understand, unfathomable, but powerful. Through the first chapter, syntax, word method, there is no predecessor before, no successor after.
study The whisperer is Du Fu's poem, not Tang Shi's ear. However, this poem should be the first of the seven laws in ancient and modern times, not necessarily the first of the seven laws in the Tang Dynasty. According to this poem, Yuan people said: "Every sentence is more strange than one, and every sentence is more strange than one;" : also knowledgeable
Who? (Hu Yinglin's Ming Poetry, Volume 5)
Seven-character laws have the advantage of overlapping words to look tragic, such as Du Zimei's "fallen leaves are like waterfall foam, and I think the long river always rolls forward." The same is true of "the lonely bird in the river has gone, and the dragon is singing in the rain". (Wang Shizhen's Poems in Class in Qing Dynasty, Volume 3)
Ascending the Mountain begins with two sentences: "The monkeys crow in the wide sky, and the birds return to the white sand in the blue lake", and ends with two sentences: "Bad luck, frosty temples, heartache, tired wine and thick dust". Those who always confront each other and don't feel stupid, the word "34" is boundless and full of vitality; The phrase "Wan Li mourns autumn" on May 6th sounds depressing. The beauty of the first sentence lies in rhyme, which is long, and if it doesn't rhyme, it will be clumsy (My Servant Poem by Qing Shi Buhua 162)
There are two poems of Shaoling School, one of which makes a broad argument, such as "I came from three thousand miles away. Sad this autumn, with my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone "and" two instruments are still muddy, there is no so-called "its flow"
He was the ancestor of Zhuang Dingshan in Song Dynasty. One school of rich words, such as "the oriole is surrounded by a bead curtain embroidered fence, and the Bai Ou rises from a silk rope toothed wall" and "the fish blows the fine waves and shakes the song fan, and the swallows fly and dance". , and their flow is the prototype of meta-poetry.
Gong Zu. (Wan "Du Gongbu Shi Tong")
5 Introduction to the author
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770), with beautiful words, tried to call himself "Shaoling night old". He is a scholar and once worked as a proofreader.
Du Fuxiang
Yuan Wailang, hence the name. He is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is known as the "poet saint" after the Song Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the poor people. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry". [4][9]
In art, he is good at using various forms of poetry, especially rhythmic poetry; Various styles, mainly depression; Refined language with high expressive force. There are more than 1400 poems, including Du Gongbu Collection.