Drinking
Tao Yuanming
The house is in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses.
I asked you how you can do it. Your mind is far away and you are biased.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can see Nanshan Mountain leisurely.
The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are flying back and forth.
There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
Traveling is Difficult (one of three poems)
Li Bai
Ten thousand cups of wine in gold bottles, and treasures on jade plates worth ten thousand dollars.
I stopped eating and threw chopsticks. I drew my sword and looked around at a loss.
If you want to cross the Yellow River, which is blocked by ice, you will have to climb the snow-covered mountains of Taihang.
I was fishing on the Bixi River in my spare time, and suddenly I was riding a boat and dreaming of the sun.
The journey is difficult, the journey is difficult, and there are many divergent paths. Where are you now?
There will be times when the wind blows and the waves break, and the cloud sails are hung directly to help the sea.
Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind
Du Fu
The howling autumn wind in August
Three layers of thatched thatch rolled up on my house
Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled the suburbs of the river
The taller one hung the scroll on the forest tip
The lower one floated to Shentang Ao
A group of children in Nancun bullied me The old man is weak
He can endure being a thief in front of him
He openly hugs the grass into the bamboo
The lips are burnt and the mouth is dry and he can't breathe
Return to rely on yourself Sigh
The wind makes the clouds dim
The desert turns dark in autumn
The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years
The arrogant son is lying in it. Crack
The bedside room leaks and there is no dry place
The rain has not stopped my feet
My menstrual flow has been disrupted and I have had little sleep
How can I get wet all night long?
There are tens of millions of houses in Ande Guangsha
The poor people all over the world are happy
It is as peaceful as a mountain despite the wind and rain
Wow! What is in front of you? Suddenly I saw this house
It is enough for my house to be broken down and freeze to death
Bai Xuege sent Judge Wu back to the capital
Cen Shen
The north wind blows and the white grass breaks on the ground, and the sky is full of snow in August.
Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed.
The pearl curtains are scattered and wet, and the fox fur is not warm and the brocade quilt is thin.
The general's horns and bows cannot be controlled, and the guards' iron clothes are cold and cold.
The vast sea is covered with thousands of feet of ice, and the gloomy clouds condense thousands of miles away.
The Chinese army prepares wine and drinks for returning guests, as well as playing fiddles, lutes, and flutes.
Dusk snow falls one after another on the camp gate, and the wind blows and the red flag remains frozen.
I saw you off at the east gate of Luntai. When you left, the Tianshan Road was covered with snow.
You can't be seen on the mountain winding road, leaving a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.
Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai
Gong Zizhen
The sun is setting in the day when I am about to leave, and I chant my whip to the east and point to the end of the world.
Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect the flowers
Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's "Drinking"
●Original text
The knot in the house A human environment without the noise of cars and horses. When I ask you how you can do it, your mind is far away and you are biased. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth. There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
●Background introduction
Tao Yuanming (365～427) was a native of Chaisang, Xunyang. Tao's poems use his writing style to dilute the distant past and write about pastoral life and the scenery in the ruins, opening up a new realm for poetry.
There are twenty-two poems in the "Drinking" group, and this is the third one. There is a small preface at the beginning, indicating that they are all works written by Drunken. They were not written at one time and have no internal connection. They were written in an independent way. This song mainly expresses the taste of seclusion life. After working, after drinking and getting drunk, under the glow of the sunset, in the shroud of the mountains, picking chrysanthemums on the east fence and looking at the Nanshan Mountain in the distance. The sentiment at this time is so profound and eternal! A major feature of Tao's poetry is its simplicity, in which feelings and emotions are integrated and inseparable. He often uses words such as "forgetting" and "forgetting" to block the exploration and revelation of the laws of emotion and reason. This may be a manifestation of poetry's return to nature.
Appreciation of Li Bai's "The Journey Is Difficult"
The Three Poems "The Journey Is Difficult" (Part 1) · Li Bai
Ten thousand dollars worth of sake in a golden goblet, Ten thousand dollars worth of treasures on a jade plate .
I can’t eat without stopping my cup and throwing chopsticks. I draw my sword and look around at a loss.
If you want to cross the Yellow River, which is blocked by ice, you will have to climb the snow-covered mountains of Taihang.
I was fishing on the Bixi River in my spare time, and suddenly I was riding a boat and dreaming of the sun.
The journey is difficult, the journey is difficult, the roads are divergent, where are you now?
There will be times when the wind blows and the waves break, and the cloud sails are hung directly to help the sea.
This is the first of the three poems "Traveling is Difficult" written by Li Bai. Judging from the content of this group of poems, it should be written when Li Bai left Chang'an in the third year of Tianbao (744).
The first four lines of the poem describe a friend who, out of his deep friendship for Li Bai and his regret that such a genius was abandoned, spared no expense and set up a feast to celebrate him. Li Bai, who is "a drinker and naive", would definitely drink "three hundred cups in one drink" if he was in normal times, because of the fine wines, delicacies and the hospitality of his friends. However, this time he picked up the wine glass, but pushed it away; he picked up the chopsticks, but put them down again. He left his seat, pulled out his sword, and looked around, feeling confused. The four consecutive movements of stopping, throwing, pulling out and looking vividly show the inner depression and emotional excitement and changes.
The next two sentences closely follow "the heart is at a loss", and the front reads "the journey is difficult".
The poet uses "ice-clogging rivers" and "snow-covered mountains" to symbolize the difficulties and obstacles on the road of life, which has a metaphorical meaning. A man with great political ambitions was ordered to come to Beijing and was lucky enough to get close to the emperor, but the emperor could not appoint him. He was "given money to return the mountain" and drove him out of Chang'an in disguise. Isn’t that great? However, Li Bai is not that kind of weak character. From the beginning of "drawing his sword and looking around", it means that he is unwilling to be depressed and will continue to pursue. "I was leisurely fishing on the blue stream, and suddenly I was riding a boat and dreaming of the sun." The poet was in a daze, and suddenly thought of two people who had not been successful in politics at first, but finally made great achievements: one was Lu Shang, and the other was Jiu. When I was ten years old, I was fishing in Feng River and met King Wen. One of them was Yi Yin. Before being hired by Tang, he dreamed that he was riding a boat around the sun and the moon. Thinking of the experiences of these two historical figures gave the poet more confidence.
"The journey is difficult, the journey is difficult, and there are many divergent roads. Where are we now?" The meeting of Lu Shang and Yi Yin certainly increased his confidence in the future, but when his thoughts returned to the reality before him, At this time, I once again felt the difficulty of life. As Li Yan looked forward to the future, he realized that the road ahead was rugged and there were many wrong paths. Where was the road he wanted to take? This is another round of emotions swirling in sharp and complex contradictions. But Li Bai, who was stubborn and confident, was never willing to show his discouragement at the banquet. His strong desire to actively use the world finally made him get rid of the depression of wandering on the wrong road again, and sang a strong voice of confidence and outlook: "There will be times to ride the wind and waves, and hang the clouds and sails to help the sea!" He believed that no matter what the road ahead, There are many obstacles, but there will still be a day when we can ride the long wind and break thousands of miles of waves, hang up the cloud sails, cross the sea, and reach the ideal other shore, as Zongcui said in the Liu Song Dynasty.
This poem has fourteen lines and eighty-two words. It can only be regarded as a short story among seven-character songs, but it dances freely and has the momentum of a long poem. One of the important reasons is that it reveals the ups and downs and complex changes of the poet's emotions step by step. The beginning of the poem, "golden bottles of fine wine" and "jade plates of treasures", makes people feel like it is a joyful banquet, but then the two details of "stopping the cup and throwing chopsticks" and "drawing the sword and looking around" show emotions. The strong impact of the waves. In the middle four sentences, I just lamented that "the river is blocked by ice" and "the mountain is covered with snow", and suddenly I am traveling for thousands of years, as if I saw Lu Shang and Yi Yin suddenly being valued by the monarch from humble status. The poet's psychological disappointment and hope, depression and pursuit alternate rapidly. "The journey is difficult, the journey is difficult, the road is divergent, where is your peace now?" The four sentences have a short and jumping rhythm, which is completely an inner monologue in a state of eagerness and anxiety, vividly conveying the complex psychology of being at a loss but continuing to explore and pursue. In the last two sentences, after the previous repeated convolutions, the state of mind suddenly opened up, and a high and optimistic tone was sung, believing that one day one's ideals and ambitions will be realized. Through such layers of emotional ups and downs, it not only fully demonstrates the obstruction of the poet's grand ideals and ambitions by the dark and dirty political reality, but also reflects the intense depression, anger and injustice in the poet's heart caused by this, and at the same time highlights the It expresses the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and his persistent pursuit of ideals, and shows the poet's strong spiritual power in trying to break free from depression.
This poem is influenced by Bao Zhao's "The Difficult Journey" in terms of subject matter and expression techniques, but it is better than the previous one. Both of their poems reflect the suppression of talents by feudal rulers to a certain extent. However, due to the era and the poet's spiritual temperament, Li's poems reveal more profoundly and intensely, and at the same time express a positive pursuit, Optimistic self-confidence and tenacious persistence in ideal character. Therefore, compared with Bao Zuo, Li Shi's ideological realm appears to be higher.
Appreciation of Du Fu's "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind"
Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind·Du Fu
The high autumn wind in August rolls up on my house Triple grass. Mao flies across the river and spreads across the outskirts of the river. The taller ones hang on the treetops, while the lower ones float around the pond.
The boys in Nancun deceived me because I was old and weak, and I could not bear to face them as thieves. He hugged the grass and planted the bamboo, his lips were burnt and his mouth was dry and he couldn't breathe. When he came back, he leaned on his staff and sighed.
The wind in Russia makes the clouds dark, and the desert turns dark in autumn. The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years, and the delicate child is lying on it and is cracked inside. There is no drying place for the leakage at the bedside, and the rain is like numb feet and has not been stopped. Since my period is disordered and I don’t sleep much, how can I get wet all night long?
There are tens of millions of mansions in Ande, which can shelter the poor people all over the world and make them happy. They are as safe as a mountain even if the wind and rain do not move! Alas! When I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, my house alone will be broken down and frozen to death!
Translation
In the depths of autumn in August, the wind was howling, and (the wind) swept away several layers of thatch on my roof. Thatch flies across the Huanhua River and is scattered on the other side of the river. The thatch that flies high hangs on the high treetops, and the grass that flies low flutters and sinks into the low-lying ponds. A group of children in Nancun bullied me for being old and weak. They had the heart to steal things in front of me, and ran into the bamboo forest holding thatch without any scruples. (I shouted) It was useless to have burnt lips and dry mouth, so I had to come back, leaning on a cane, and sighing by myself. After a while, the wind stopped, and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. The late autumn color was gray and gradually darkened. The cloth quilt has been used for many years, and it is cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child was not sleeping well and was limping under the quilt. When the roof leaked, there was no dry place even at the head of the bed. Line-like raindrops continued to fall. Since the war, I had very little time to sleep. The nights were long and the house was leaky and the bed was wet. How could I wait until dawn?
How can we get tens of millions of spacious and tall houses to universally shelter the poor scholars all over the world, making them all smile? (The houses) are not shaken by wind and rain, and are as stable as a mountain? well! When such a tall house appears in front of me, (even if) my hut is blown apart and I freeze to death!
Bai Xuege sends Magistrate Wu back to Beijing
[Appreciation]
This poem expresses the feeling of seeing off people outside the Great Wall and seeing off guests in the army, but it escapes from the sadness of separation. The cliché of "Don't Hate" does not make people feel sad, but is full of whimsy, romantic ideals and magnificent feelings, making people feel that the wind and snow outside the Great Wall have become an object of play and appreciation. "Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees." The spring flowers are used as a metaphor for the winter snow. "Auspicious snow falls on the camp gate one after another, and the red flag cannot be moved by the wind." The bright red spot outside the tent with the white snow as the background complements the snowy scene. It is a bit of warmth and warmth in the cold-toned picture, which also makes the picture more lively. The whole poem uses snow to grow hair, and it combines the aspects of snow praise and farewell. It is rich in connotation, has a distinct and unique artistic conception, and has a strong artistic appeal. Among them, "Suddenly a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear trees bloomed" are all praised by people. Famous sentences.
Appreciation of Jihai Miscellaneous Poems
Gong Zizhen's "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems" is a large-scale autobiographical poem, the first of its kind after Wang Yuanliang in the late Song Dynasty
New developments in singing style. Cheng Jinfeng commented: "The lines are dazzling and the spit is magnificent", "The voice is deep and full of compassion, like thousands of jade wailing." This is different from Qing Qiao's "Dou Du Yin", which focuses on the battle of Yongdong in the Opium War. It is also different from the style of Huang Zunxian's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai" later. This poem is the most outstanding one among Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai", which best reflects the author's spirit and the requirements of the times. The author cleverly linked the images of the Jade Emperor and other figures in the Saishenhui to "God of Heaven" and "Wind and Thunder" to conceive, showing the reality that under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, people's thoughts were very depressed and society was in a state of deathly silence. This reality is "pathetic". The author is calling for the arrival of huge social changes and looking forward to the emergence of a vibrant new situation. A new situation cannot appear automatically. He must rely on talents to destroy the old world and create a new one. Talents need to be diverse and should not be embedded in one box. The focus of this poem is that the first half raises the issue of "anger", and the second half raises the issue of "eclecticism" of talents. This is a new issue. The author asks people to reconsider and cheer up in order to achieve the purpose of transforming the world. The enlightenment significance of this poem lies in this. The two verses are of course very expressive.