"There are two firewood in the famous mountain of South Guangdong". Xiqiao Mountain is famous for its elegance and beauty, while Dongqiao Mountain is famous for its peculiar majesty. Dongqiao Mountain, also known as Luofu Mountain, is located in the north of Dongjiang, spanning Boluo, Zengcheng and Longmen counties, with a total length of 500 miles and 432 peaks. The main peak is not Yunfeng elevation1296m. Looking down from the air, the whole mountain is like a thousand-petal lotus, with its head held high and in full bloom; The surrounding mountains are like arches, like hugs, like petals. Historian Sima Qianyun said: "There are 5,000 famous mountains, five mountains are towns, Luofu includes ten mountains in Cang, and Tamanosuke lives." It can be seen that as early as the Han Dynasty, Luofu Mountain was the first famous mountain outside the Five Mountains. Luofu Mountain combines the elegance and beauty of Xiqiao, the precipitousness of Danxia and the beautiful scenery of Dinghu Lake, so it is known as "the first mountain in Lingnan" and "the ancestor of Baiyue".
Luofu Mountain is also a famous religious shrine at home and abroad. Taoism calls it "the seventh hole in the world and the thirty-first spring blessed land". There are 72 stone chambers and hidden rocks, such as Lohan, Dishui, Tian Tong and Khufu. There are eighteen holes such as butterflies, nocturnes, peach gardens and water curtains. There are five Taoist temples: Xu Chong, Jiutian, Huanglong, White Crane and Crispy Mash. In addition, there are five Buddhist temples: Huashou, Yanchan, Baodi, Yue Ming and Longhua. Beautiful natural scenery and religious status have attracted many literati to write poems. Qu Dajun's "Guangdong New Language" records: "An Qisheng, the first traveler of Carol Fu; Lu Jia and Sima Qian, first place; Ge Hong, the first resident; Initiator Justin; The initiator Xie Lingyun. " Su Dongpo's poem "Eating Litchi for the First Time" is full of his love for Luofu Mountain: the source of the ancient poem "South Penglai";
It's spring at four o'clock in Luofu Mountain, and tangerines and bayberries are new. 300 lychees a day, I will grow up to be a Lingnan person without hesitation!
The Records of Counties and Counties in the Later Han Dynasty records: "Boluo has Luoshan, hence its name Luofu, because it comes from Fushan." Luo Fu Ji also said: "Fushan is one of the islands in Penglai. It was the flood that floated from Yao, came from the sea, and became one with Luoshan. " There is a legend among the people that Fushan crossed the sea to marry Luoshan. The Dragon Girl in the East China Sea and the Dragon Girl in the South China Sea privately agreed for life. In a rage, the two Dragon Kings imprisoned the Dragon Lady in Penglai Island and put her in the ancient well under Luoshan Mountain. The giant turtle floated to Luoshan on its back. The dragon lady clung to the dragon son, and the sky suddenly collapsed. Fushan and Luoshan merged into one and became Luofu Mountain. There is a poem about this story: "Fushan came across the sea from the east, and it doesn't need a matchmaker to marry Luoshan;" The combination is really like a husband and wife, and the children are all small Penglai; 432 children and grandchildren, the upper bound of Feiyun is equal; Fu Yue didn't send Luo Yue away, but Baiyun locked the cave door. "
Geologically speaking, Luofu Mountain was formed in Jurassic and Cretaceous of Mesozoic about 70 million years ago. The collapse of Yanshan geological movement caused the crustal strata to fold and fracture, and the huge granite body was squeezed and lifted. After tens of thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, Luofu Mountain has gradually formed, with abrupt peaks and caves everywhere.
Xu Chong Guhuaguan Ge Hong
There are nine temples and eighteen temples in Luofu Mountain, which are magnificent and neat, enjoying the elegant name of "Fairy Cave House" and having religious influence as far away as Southeast Asia. However, the White Crane View and Huanglong View in the west, the Chashan View and the Crispy Mud View in the north have all been ruined, and only the ancient view of Xu Chong still stands in the majestic ancient forest, still showing the prominent religious status of Luofu Mountain in the past.
Xuchong Ancient Temple was built in the Xianhe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It faces south in the north, leans against Lion Peak in the north, and faces Baili Lake in Lin 'an in the south. Formerly known as Nan 'an, Ge Hong was an alchemist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Ge Hong once went to Guangzhou to worship Bao Liang, the magistrate of Nanhai. Bao Liang valued Ge Hong's talent and knowledge and betrothed his daughter Bao Gu to him. Ge Hong and his wife * * * discussed the essence of Taoism, made alchemy into medicine, and enthusiastically collected medicine for local people to treat diseases. After Ge Hong returned to his hometown in Jiangsu. When Si Marui, the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, appointed Ge Hong as Prime Minister and made him Guan Zhonghou. Ge Hong, on the other hand, is obsessed with seeking immortals to visit Taoism. When he learned that cinnabar came out from his toes, he abandoned his official position and came to Guangzhou again with Bao Gu. He defected to Deng Yue, the secretariat of Guangzhou, and lived in Luofu Mountain. He practiced alchemy in Nan 'an, collected herbs to help the world, and wrote books, thus creating the holy land of Lingnan Taoism. In 405, Emperor Yi Shou of Jin 'an built the temple, which was expanded to Gexian Temple when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was in Tianbao, and was given the name "Guan" by Zhezong in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1087), which has been in use ever since. Xu Chong's view of ancient incense flourished in all previous dynasties, especially in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is said that Huanglong Cave in Hangzhou West Lake and Wong Tai Sin Temple in Kowloon, Hong Kong are both branches.
Xu Chong's concept has been rebuilt again and again in battle after battle. The existing temples were renovated during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. There are couplets at the door: "Sanqing Garden in the afternoon, seven caves in Zhu Ming", "Xuan Jing is empty, and the four hundred peaks are near Zifu; If the bow can't get up, the five thousand roads will open the entrance. " There is a "longevity well" in the view. According to legend, more than 1,600 years ago, Ge Hong took water from this well to make an alchemy. There is a poem saying: "It is rumored that you are a gift, and the spirit liquid gives phoenix grass, pumping three liters a day. Why do you want to have a safe date? " Praise the sweet well water, drink it often, and you can live forever without eating the "fairy fruit" of Anzhi jujube.
On the left of Xuchong Ancient Temple is Zhuming Cave, which is the first of the 18 caves in Luofu. Zhu Mingdong is a Taoist name, which means "Zhu Yaoming's real paradise". According to Qu Dajun's Guangdong Xinyu, Taoist An Qisheng first arrived here in the Qin Dynasty. Later, Zhu Lingzhi and Ge Hong successively came to Zhu Mingdong to practice alchemy. Zhan Ruoshui (Zengcheng), an official of Nanjing Ritual Department in Ming Dynasty, was over ninety years old and gave lectures in Zhumingdong Jingshe. "More than 3,000 tourists" have gradually become the holy land of Lingnan Taoism.
In front of Bailian Lake in Xuchong Ancient Temple, Ge Hong built the South Temple "Du Xu" and the "alchemy room" on the left side of the temple. There are swords and ancient mirrors hanging in the four corners of Dan's room. The base of the blast furnace is made of granite and is octagonal. According to the orientation, there are figures of Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Dui Bagua, as well as rare birds and animals such as Ruihe and Kirin. According to "Zhichuan Zhenren Correction", according to the Taoist theory of five elements, the surrounding area of Danzao was filled with five colors of soil: green, yellow, red, white and black. Setting a "golden roof" on the blast furnace is called an "uneconomical furnace". Its base is a tripod leg, and its seat is pot-shaped, just like the gourd medicine ladle of the old gentleman. There is a rotatable handle in the middle of the gourd, and the tripod cover is lotus leaf-shaped. As far as the technical level was concerned, this kind of blast furnace was the best in the world. During Ge Hong's alchemy, according to Bao Puzi and Jin Dan, "First, fast for 100 days, bathe in spiced incense, purify yourself, keep away from filth and keep away from laity;" Don't let unbelievers know that slandering drugs won't work! "At the same time, we must guard with peace of mind and pray. In this way, 7749 days, nine into Dan, and then Dan can be refined.
The greatest discovery of alchemy and ancient chemistry in China was tin sulfide. Ge Hong extracted a suspension of high tin sulfide from minerals such as sulfur, cinnabar and tin, that is, "gold liquid". His theory of alchemy was more than 400 years earlier than that of the Arab alchemist Gilbert in the eighth century.
In fact, the purpose of alchemy is not simply the process of alchemy, but the process of refining chemical drugs, and the production and clinical application of chemical drugs is the great contribution of ancient medicine in China. Ge Hong inherited the mantle of alchemist Zuo Ci and Andrew, and gradually mastered the medicinal properties of Dan medicine in alchemy and applied it to medical practice. Dr Joseph Needham, member of the Royal Society and dean of gonville and cassius College of Cambridge University, said in the History of Science and Technology in China that "I am convinced that the whole medical chemistry originated in China" and "the greatest naturalist and alchemist, Bao Puzi, was born in Taoism in the early 4th century". Ge Hong spoke highly of this.
There is an octagonal pool on the right side of Gehong's alchemy stove, and there is a huge stone next to it, namely the ancient Diaoyutai, engraved with the poem of Qiu, a poet of the Qing Dynasty: "The immortal washes the medicine pool and smells the medicine; The fairy who collected the medicine did not return it, and the ancient pool was soaked in plum blossoms. " This is the place where Ge Hong washes herbs-the Xianchi. According to the Records of Luofu Mountain, "In the south of the study pit, there are three stone mortars and a medicine trough, which are the remains of Ge Zhichuan's medicine refining. The trough is also natural, and there is a waterfall under the trough. " Ge Hong has rich medical knowledge. After alchemy, I often climb mountains to collect herbs and identify various Chinese herbal medicines, and described the characteristics and effects of many medicines in the chapter "Bao Pu Zi Xian Yao". Based on his long-term medical practice experience, he wrote two books, Elbow Emergency Prescription and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. These two books are precious medical works in early China and still have practical value.
Fairy clothes become butterflies.
"Butterfly Cave" is also one of the eighteen caves in Luofu. Here, at the turn of spring and summer, colorful butterflies with big round fans dance in pairs, dazzling. There is a folk legend about Ge Hong's autopsy and become a butterfly's fairy clothes: It is said that when Ge Hong died (in 363), he put Taoist classics such as Lingbao Jing, Taiping Jing, * * Jing, Huang Bai Jing Yao, Wuxing Jing, White Tiger Fu, Five Yue Zhen Xing Tu, and Bao Pu. Then, he wrote to Deng Yue, the secretariat of Guangzhou, saying that he wanted to "travel far to find a teacher and send someone soon." Deng Yue hurried to say goodbye to him after receiving the letter. Ge Hong, bathed in incense, came to the altar of Zhu Mingdong, with his sword facing south, silently chanting. "Sitting in Japan and China, but sleeping and dying." At the age of 8 1 year. After Ge Hong's death, "the color is like life, and his body is soft. When he carried the corpse into the coffin, it was as light as empty clothes. The world thought that the corpse could be dissolved into a fairy cloud." Ge Hong has been collecting herbs for many years and is deeply loved by Luofushan people. When the local people heard that Ge Hong was going to be promoted to the immortal class, they all rushed to see him off. I saw Ge Hong's cassock suddenly broken into pieces, changed into tens of millions of colorful butterflies, and spiraled up, as if welcoming farewell. Finally, these colorful butterflies gathered under Yunfeng Rock, forming today's butterfly cave. Therefore, Qu Dajun said: "The big butterfly, Ge Zhichuan's legacy clothes, clothes into butterflies, butterfly garments."
Clear and sweet Zhuoxi Spring
Under the steep cliff of Luohan Rock in Yunu Mountain, there is Zhuoxi Spring. Its well edge is hexagonal with granite, about 2 feet wide and 6 feet deep, and there are nine holes beside it that can pass through the spring vein. Spring water spewed out on the stone, and the water quality was cool and sweet, which was highly praised by Su Dongpo and known as the "crown of springs outside the ridge". According to the records of Luofu Mountain, Jingtai, a Buddhist monk, came to Luofu Mountain to set up a temple in Datong, Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties. Because of the lack of water in the local mountainous area, Zhuo Xi, a famous monk in Jingtai (Zhangxi), was born underground and springs gushed out, hence the name. It is also recorded that spring water never overflows, regardless of drought or flood, until it reaches the wellhead. Spring water is poured into the pool, and the water in the pool is crystal clear, which is prepared for Zhangxichi. Tang Zhongzong Li Shi, a monk with Huai Di built a "Zhongge" next to Zhuoxi Spring, which was renamed Haosha Temple in the early Song Dynasty. In the first year of Song Shaosheng, Su Dongpo visited Luofu Mountain, "drinking Zhuoxi Spring, Jingtai of Buddhism, and its taste is far from the river". Close-up "Shu Zhuo Xi Quan" praised: "In the past, I went to Huai, Pan-Jiangsu and Zhejiang returned to Shu, and drank Jianghuai water to cover the next year. When I arrived, I thought there was something fishy about the well water, but I stayed there for more than one hundred days. In this way, I know that the river is willing to be good, and I will judge. Today, I came to Lingwai and began to drink the water of the Yangtze River. When I got to Nanjiang, I realized that Nanjiang Xian was also in Beijiang. Near the ridge into the Qingyuan Gorge, the water is like jasper and tastes better. Today, if you go to Luofu and drink Zhang Xiquan of Jingtai Zen Master, the water in Qingyuan Gorge will be under it again! Only the Hui people outside the ridge like to fight for tea, and this water is not empty. " Since then, Zhuo Xiquan's reputation has spread far and wide. Luofu tea is fried with Zhuoxi spring water, which is fragrant and won people's praise.