Important and difficult
First, the role of association and imagination.
Second, the training of association and imagination.
Third, recite the whole poem with emotion.
Writing background
In the two years of 192 1 and 1922, Guo Moruo returned to China three times. At this time, the climax of the May 4th Movement has passed, and China is in a period of melee among northern warlords. Facing the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it is as cold as iron! Black as paint! It's bloody! "The dark reality, Guo Moruo felt great anger. His poetry collection "Starry Sky" created during this period expressed this kind of thought and feeling. For example, in Looking Up, he wrote: "Shanghai's dirty head, clean existence, only green sky and sea! "Lamentations of the Yellow Sea" wrote: "The waves are turbid, salty and smelly. The sinister romantic wind, without a moment's peace, and the turbulent turbid waves have already dyed through my heart. How long will it take me to wake up! "During the high tide of the May 4th Movement, his longing for the motherland was shattered in vain, and the poet's excitement once fell into depression and sadness, but he was not pessimistic and disappointed, and continued to explore and pursue unremittingly. He wrote in "Poetry for the Starry Sky": "Ah, twinkling stars! You have some bright red blood stains and some clear tears-how much deep depression is hidden in your poor light! "It was during this period that 192 1 10, the author wrote Market in the Sky, which was first published in the first issue of the first volume of Creation in 1922, and was later included in the collection of Starry Sky.
Brief introduction of the author
Guo Moruo (1892-1978) is an outstanding writer, poet, historian, playwright, archaeologist, archaeologist and famous social activist in modern China. People from Leshan, Sichuan. 19 14 to study in Japan. 19 18 began to write new poems. 192 1 published the first book of poetry, Goddess, and co-founded it with organizations such as Yu Dafu and Cheng. From 19 14 to 1923, Guo Moruo studied in Tokyo No.1 Institute of Higher Education, Okayama No.6 Institute of Higher Education and Kyushu Imperial University. When he first arrived in Japan, Guo Moruo was depressed because of ethnic discrimination in foreign life and personal marriage frustration. Therefore, he read Wang Wencheng's Book of Public Rights, which was deeply influenced by Wang Yangming's subjective idealism philosophy. At the same time, Wang Yangming's theory led him to Laozi's philosophy, Confucius' philosophy and Indian philosophy. At this time, Guo Moruo came into contact with the poems of Indian poet Tagore and felt the fresh and quiet atmosphere. From Tagore, he came into contact with Gabriel, an ancient Indian poet. Later, he liked German poets Heine and Goethe, who brought him into contact with the works of Dutch philosopher Spinoza and "felt great traction for pantheism and thought" (My History of Poetry). During the May 4th Movement, he also liked Kant and Nietzsche, and accepted Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Masaaki Shirakawa's literary theory in Beichuan, as well as the influence of the popular neo-Romanticism and German neo-expressionism. Guo Moruo's early thoughts are extremely complicated due to the various influences of Chinese and foreign scholars. After 1924, he accepted Marxist thought and advocated revolutionary literature. 1926 participated in the northern expedition and served as deputy director of the general political department of the national revolutionary army. 1927, on the eve of Chiang Kai-shek's open rebellion revolution, he wrote "Look at Chiang Kai-shek today", which had a great influence among the people. In the same year, he joined the Nanchang Uprising, and in August, he joined the China Producers' Party. From 65438 to 0928, he lived in Japan and returned to China to engage in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. During this period, he wrote historical dramas such as Qu Yuan, Tiger Fu, Flowers of Tang Di and a lot of poems, which profoundly exposed the Kuomintang reactionaries' policy of traitorous surrender and inspired the revolutionary people's fighting spirit. 1944 published the "Three Centennial Festival of Shen Jia", which summarized the historical experience of the failure of the peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty, and was later designated as the study document of the China Rectification Movement. 1949 After the liberation of Beiping, he was elected as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He continued his literary and artistic creation and published historical plays, such as Cai Wenji. He has been responsible for the organization and leadership of scientific and cultural education for a long time and has made indelible contributions to the development of scientific and cultural education in China. He is knowledgeable and brilliant, which is another glorious banner on the cultural front of China after Lu Xun. 1978 June 12 died in Beijing.
The main idea of a paragraph
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs:
1. The first paragraph, from the street lamp on the ground to the stars in the sky.
2. The second part describes the market in the sky.
3. In the third and fourth quarters, imagine life in the sky from the market in the sky.
theme
Through the description of the beautiful life in Tianjie, this poem shows the hatred of the dark reality and the yearning for the ideal life, and inspires people to struggle to realize this ideal.
Because the author hates the dark reality, he thinks that the beautiful world only exists in the sky, and he imagines how beautiful the streets in the sky are. In this imagination, he pinned his ideals and told people what the ideal world should look like, with the aim of inspiring people to fight for this ideal. This poem allows readers of that era to understand the darkness of reality naturally, arouse their yearning for the ideal and fight for it.
Writing characteristics
Natural association, rich imagination, wonderful artistic conception and beautiful language are the characteristics of this poem.
This poem outlines a beautiful artistic conception with association and imagination. The so-called association is the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another, for example, from bright street lamps to countless stars. The so-called imagination is the process of creating a new image on the basis of the original perceptual image. For example, the beauty of the market in the sky belongs to imagination. It is further imagination to think of people from the market and imagine how the cowherd and the weaver girl live a free and beautiful life. In this way, the author wrote from earth to heaven, creating a wonderful artistic conception full of fantasy and poetry. The elegance of poetic language is also a major feature.
Street lamps and stars are far apart in the night, and the visual experience is very similar. Therefore, the poet naturally put pen to paper, integrated the earth and the sky, and then indulged his imagination in the starry sky. In the second quarter, with a touch of brush strokes and a little coloring, I fantasize about the beautiful and hazy back of the world in heaven. In the third part, the introduction of characters makes imagination more concrete and real. The fourth section describes meteors, which are the bright spots dancing in the sky and make the whole poetic realm suddenly active. The poet seems to have adopted the traditional layer-by-layer wrinkle dyeing technique of Chinese painting, making the picture more clear and moving. At the end of the sentence, "I'm afraid they will walk with lanterns" gives readers a vivid picture of the cowherd and the weaver girl. This poem is closed. However, the scene of interstellar character travel continues, and there seems to be a leisurely aftertaste.
The language of the whole poem is simple, the words are accurate, the life scene in Tianjie is properly expressed and the artistic conception is far-reaching.
When describing the life in Tianjie, the author only wrote that the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid "rode cows" on the banks of the "shallow" Tianhe River, and finally only wrote that they "walked with lanterns". The content and language are very simple, without flowery words and descriptions, but they depict a simple and peaceful picture of life. Because of this, this poem left an unforgettable impression on readers, but also gave people room for imagination.
In the first section of this poem, the author uses two groups of words to express stars and street lamps. "Ming" and "dot" are used to write street lamps; The words "flash" and "now" are used to write stars. Because the street lamp lights up in the dark, people make it light up, so it appears with "dots"; The star already exists, but it becomes more and more obvious as the night darkens, so "now" is used to indicate its appearance. Moreover, because there is no obvious change after the street lamp is turned on, "bright" is used to indicate the state, while the stars are flashing all the time, so "flashing" is used to indicate the state. Although it is a few commonly used words, it is used appropriately and accurately.
In addition, verbs such as "think" and "look" are used many times in the poem, which accurately expresses the author's ideological activities and makes the whole poem clear and hierarchical.
Comrade Guo Moruo is a famous master of textual criticism. This poem also has this feature. To give a few examples: the words "twinkling stars" and "flashing lights" in the first section are easy for students to make mistakes when reciting. If you talk about the characteristics of these two words carefully, students will never make mistakes again. With the word' flash', the characteristics of stars blinking like people are written; With the word "point", the characteristics of people lighting with matchsticks are written-all lights in China use oil or gas, and oil or gas always needs a fire "point" to burn. Although the electric light was introduced later, the word "dot" was still not lost. "Flash" is "star" and "point" is "light". The most ingenious word in this poem is "flower". Generally speaking, the quantifier' ke' of a star. Why do you use "flowers" here? Because meteors are some solid dust particles distributed among stars, they fly into the atmosphere, rub against the atmosphere, heat up and burst into light. A solid burst into many small particles, forming a trumpet-shaped flower with a small top and a large bottom. Like a flower, it can naturally be described as a' flower'. This describes the characteristics of a meteor and draws a picture with' Hua' calligraphy and painting. I think this explanation is helpful for students to master the content of poetry and inspire them to observe the characteristics of things carefully.