Poems and Paintings on Farewell to Vice Governor Du's Office in Shu
City Que 1 assisted Sanqin,
Through the mist that unites five rivers.
We said goodbye to each other sadly,
The same is the official tour (2).
Make friends in the sea,
Heaven is still our neighbor.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road (5),
Children * * * towel 6.
To annotate ...
1 This article is selected from the collected works of Wang Zi 'an.
2 Shaofu: official name.
3. one: arrive, arrive.
4. Zhou Shu: Chongzhou, Sichuan now. Also known as Sichuan.
5. City Que: City Wall and Palace Que, which refer to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty.
6. Auxiliary: This means vault.
7. Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area around Chang 'an. After the death of Qin, Xiang Yu divided Qin's hometown into three parts to seal the three generals of Qin, so Guanzhong was also called "Sanqin".
Passing through a mist that unites the five rivers: the noun "wind smoke" is used as an adverbial to indicate the place of behavior. The whole sentence is in the confused wind and smoke, looking at Zhou Shu in the distance.
Wujin refers to the five major ferries of Minjiang River: Baihuajin, Wan Li Tianjin, Jiang Shoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnan Jin. This refers to Sichuan in general.
10.huàn Tour: Go abroad to be an official.
1 1. Within the sea: within the four seas. The ancients thought that the land was surrounded by the sea, so they called it the world within the four seas.
12. Tianya: Tianya, here is a metaphor for a place far away.
13. Neighbor: Nearby.
14. inaction: no.
15. fork: fork in the road. The ancients often said goodbye to each other at fork roads.
16. Wet towel: Tears wet the towel.
Translation 1
In the ancient country of Sanqin, the palace of Chang 'an city wall was arched.
The wind and smoke are rolling, and Wujin, Minjiang River, Zhou Shu can't be seen.
When I shake hands with you to say goodbye, I have mutual sympathy;
You and I are both people who are far away from home and go out to be officials.
As long as there is your confidant in the four seas,
No matter how far apart we are, it's like being together.
Please don't cry on the way to leave;
Like affectionate young men and women, crying on each other's clothes.
Translation 2
In the ancient country of Sanqin, the palace of Chang 'an city wall was arched.
Through the misty wind and smoke, it seems that you can see the five major ferries in Bashu.
The reason why I feel parting,
Because you and I are people who are far away from home and go out to be officials.
As long as you have a confidant from all over the world,
No matter how far apart we are, it's like being together.
Don't wander and be sad when you break up.
Like an affectionate child, let tears wet his clothes.
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works appreciation
This poem is a famous farewell poem, which is poetic to comfort you not to be sad when you leave. The first sentence is in strict opposition, and the third and fourth sentences are in the same strain, with scattered tones, turning reality into emptiness and ups and downs in literary context. "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor." Its towering peaks highly summarize the scene of "profound friendship, mountains and rivers are irresistible", which has been passed down from generation to generation and is well known. At the end of the couplet, the theme of "sending" is pointed out.
The whole poem is full of ups and downs, pulsating flow and broad-minded artistic conception. It washed away the sadness in ancient farewell poems, and it is a unique stone tablet with bright and clear tone and high freshness.
This poem washes away the bitterness and lingering state in previous farewell poems, and embodies lofty taste and broad-minded mind. "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will still be our neighbor." Two words have become an immortal sentence to express the deep friendship between friends far away from Qian Shan.
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
"separated by the wall of three qins and the fog of five rivers". Que is the watchtower in front of the palace. "City Que" refers to Chang 'an, the imperial capital of the Tang Dynasty. "Sanqin" refers to the Guanzhong area near Chang 'an. At the end of Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this area into three kingdoms, so later people called it Sanqin. "Assist" and "assist" can be understood as escort here. "Auxiliary Sanqin" means "Auxiliary Sanqin". The vast wilderness in Guanzhong is guarding Chang 'an, which means the place of farewell. "Through the mist that unites five rivers". "Wujin" refers to the five crossings of Minjiang River from guanxian to Qianwei. Looking from a distance, I saw the wind, dust and smoke in Sichuan are endless. This sentence is about where Du Shaofu is going. Because friends are going to Sichuan from Chang 'an, the two places are naturally linked with the poet's feelings. The poem did not say goodbye at the beginning, but only described the situation and style of these two places. Looking up at thousands of miles, I feel infinitely reluctant, and the feeling of farewell is comfortable.
The poet is in Chang 'an, and even the land of Sanqin is hard to see at a glance. As for Wujin, thousands of miles away, you can't see it at all. Poetry is often beyond the vision of ordinary people. Looking at the world with imaginary eyes, you can take a few seats in Wanshan and see Wanchun in an instant. "How does the water of the Yellow River move to the sky and enter the ocean, and it will never return?" Looking at the East China Sea from Heyuan. "Qutang Xiakou Qujiangtou, Wan Lifeng meets Su Qiu in smoke", and Chang 'an can be seen from the Three Gorges. Using this technique, this poem has opened up a magnificent realm from the beginning, which is different from ordinary farewell poems that only pay attention to Yan Yu, Yang Zhi, tears and wine lamps.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
We said goodbye to each other sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. What does it mean to leave each other? People who are wandering abroad for the same official reasons have left their hometown and have already had a heavy parting. When they said goodbye to each other in the guest house, it was another heavy parting: there was infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are high-profile, precise and strict. These two sentences have a long lasting appeal, and the antithesis is not neat, so they are more evacuated. Of course, this is because there was no set of strict rules for orthodox poetry at that time, but it also had its unique beauty. At first, it was like a waterfall hanging over thousands of feet, which tumbled down from the clouds, then fell into a deep pool, gurgled down, and flew in Qingyuan, resulting in ups and downs and strong ups and downs, which made people feel that they were changing.
Distant friends bring distant land closer.
Then the fifth and sixth sentences, the realm from narrow to grand, the mood from sad to heroic. However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor. It is inseparable to stay away from a true confidant. As long as you are in the four seas, even at the ends of the earth, you are close neighbors. What are A Qin and Shu? Broad-minded, ambitious, showing true friendship is not limited by time and space, both eternal and ubiquitous, and expressing optimistic and open-minded emotions.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel.
At the end of the two sentences, "Why linger at the fork in the road, children * * * touch towels!" These two lines run through one sentence, meaning: don't cry goodbye to that child at this fork in the road where we are about to break up! It is a reminder to friends and a confession to your feelings. Immediately after the first two sentences, it suddenly fell into relief at a very high and steep place, and then ended. Take music as an example; At the end of the music, some came to an abrupt end in the most wonderful place, while others dragged on. This poem ends in the second way. To appreciate ancient poems, especially those neat and short, such as the Five Laws, we should not only appreciate some of its wonderful sentences, but also understand its composition, its ups and downs, its ideological changes and development. Words seem to look at mountains and dislike peace, and so do poems.
General introduction
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient China. Poetry in the Tang Dynasty reached the peak in the history of China literature. The great innovation and development of poetry, which lasted about 200 years, began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were pioneers who appeared earlier. First of all, they opposed the gaudy poetic style inherited from the early Tang and Six Dynasties. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "tasted the early years of Longshuo, and the literary field was a variant: fighting for slim structure and carving; Golden jade, dragon and phoenix, chaotic purple and yellow; The video is called Eccentricity and False Beauty. I am exhausted, I am strong and ignorant, I think of its disadvantages, and I want to use my career. " It can be seen that he consciously reformed the disadvantages of poetry and advocated a vigorous and upward poetic style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. It was simple, vigorous and unrestrained, which once made readers feel refreshed at that time. Since then, this poetic style has been greatly developed and has become the dominant style of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contribution to the formation of the new poetic style. Taking five-character poems as an example, this new poetic style, which gradually matured and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, was tried and formed in the works of Wang Bo and others. This poem by Wang Bo is two mature five-character poems. Read the five laws of Wang and Meng again, and then read the five laws of Li and Du, and you will find that the development of this new poetic style in the Tang Dynasty is like a big river, which comes down in one continuous line and grows more magnificent as it moves forward.
Main idea
A friend is going to Sichuan to be an official. The poet wrote this poem as a gift. Collect the whole poem first and then release it. At the beginning, they said that they were both business tourists, which meant to say goodbye. Then the conversation changed, saying that where there are no friends, you don't need to cry and act like a child. The momentum is heroic and the artistic conception is broad, especially "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor" has become a famous sentence throughout the ages. This poem should be said to be a masterpiece of farewell poems.
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Brief introduction of the author
Wang Bo (649 or 650 ~ 675 or 676), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). Wang Bo's grandfather, Wang Tong, was a famous scholar in the late Sui Dynasty. His father, Wang Fu, was a doctor in Taichang and a secretary in Yongzhou.
Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty".
Portrait of Wang Bo
Wang Bo's talent was revealed very early. When he was a teenager, he was praised as a child prodigy by Liu Xiangdao, the governor of the imperial court. He recommended it to the imperial court and took countermeasures to seal him as a court official. At the beginning of Gan (666), Pei Wang attended a reading meeting held for. Two years later, he was expelled from the court by Gao Zongnu for playing "Chicken of the King of England" and immediately went to Bashu. In the third year of Xian Heng (672), he joined the army in Buguo Prefecture. He was punished for killing officials and slaves and was removed from the list with forgiveness. His father was also involved and was demoted to toe order.
In the second year (675) or the third year (676), Wang Bo went south to visit relatives and drowned across the sea.
Wang Bo advocates practicality in his literary works. At that time, the poetic style represented by Shangguan Yi prevailed in the literary world, characterized by "striving for slim structure and carving" and "losing the backbone and being vigorous". Wang Bo's "Thinking about its disadvantages, chasing its industry with light" and Yang Jiong's "Preface to Wang Bo Collection". His poems are "strong but not empty, firm and moist, engraved without breaking, strengthened by pressing", which has played a great role in changing the atmosphere.
There are more than 80 existing poems in Wang Bo, including preface, table, tablet and fu, and more than 90 existing poems. Earlier, 20 volumes, 30 volumes and 27 volumes of Selected Works of Wang Bo were not circulated. The existing Wang Zian Collection 16 compiled by Zhang Xie during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty; Notes on Wang Zian was written by JOE and Jiang Qingyi, tongzhi people in Qing Dynasty, and it is divided into twenty volumes. In addition, Yang Shoujing's "Visit to ancient paper" recorded Prince An Wen of 1 volume, and copied 13 volume (actually 12 volume, of which 6 volumes were incomplete). Luo Zhenyu's essay continuation of Yongfeng Farmer 1 volume ***24 articles, adding 12 articles that Yang did not have, and supplementing the 6 incomplete articles recorded by Yang. Roche's preface also mentioned that "Tomioka Jun (Cang Qian) collected Wang Anwen's collected works, volumes 29 and 30" in Kyoto. According to the transcript of Tang Chao 1 of Imperial University in Kyoto, Japan, there are two volumes of Wang Canjuan, marked with the words "twenty-nine to thirty", which was immediately collected by Youxiang. In the third year of Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Yao's Collection of Relieving Daowei Zhai was published, and the chronicle was published.