Xue Jiang
Liu Zongyuan (Tang)
There are no birds in the mountains,
A thousand roads without footprints.
A boat, a bamboo cloak,
An old man was fishing in the cold river snow.
Jiang Xue is a snow scene on the river.
"There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand roads." Absolute: extinction. Man's Footprint: Man's Footprint. Extinction: disappear, gone. Qianshan: refers to all empty mountains. Wanjing: refers to all roads in vain. These two lines mean that there are no birds on all the mountains, and there are no people on all the paths.
"A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue." Loneliness: Loneliness. Boat: A boat. Gun: gun. Dai Li: Dai Li. These two lines mean: (in) a lonely boat, sitting an old man in a hemp fiber and a hat, fishing alone on a cold river covered with heavy snow.
When writing a snow scene, you can't see the word "snow" in the first three sentences. It's just a pen in the air, ethereal. Looking back at the first three sentences, we can know that Qianshan, Wanjing and Fisherman were all built by Zita Law, and the snow is still raging and flying endlessly. Otherwise, why did "Qian Shan" fly? Why did Wanjing disappear? Why do fishermen who "sit alone in a boat" wear "guns" and "hats"?
Use Qianshan and Wanjing to compare the lonely boat and the lonely boat, and the birds fly away to compare the lonely man and the lonely fishing in the cold river, thus highlighting the lonely boat and the lonely fishing in the vast, lonely and cold picture.
The whole poem describes the scenery, and together, it is a painting, so as Huang said in the "Tang Poetry Express": "Just for these twenty crossings, I have been painting endlessly so far, and there will be a world in the future."
So, is there love in the scene, and is there a moral? Wu Xuan's Direct Interpretation of Tang Poems said: "Qian Shan has thousands of paths, and people and birds are unique, and the depth of snow can be known. At this time, however, there are lonely people on board and in the cold river. Hey! If Yan Guang is not proud of the world, then Lu Shang is waiting to be hired. There is a ratio in the fu, which is ridiculous. " Xu Zeng's Detailed Interpretation of Tang Poetry said: "This factor is thick and derogatory, so it forms its own family. The road is short, you can go back, but stay here. Isn't it the responsibility of an official? A tasteless official, like fishing in a cold river, will eventually get nothing. How can I help this fisherman? " Yao Wang Qu's Interpretation of Ancient Poems says: "There is a boat in the middle of Qian Shan Wanshui Trail, and an old man in Dai Li's clothes, sitting in a place where birds can't fly and people can't reach. It's really a drop in the bucket to send ephemera to heaven and earth. Why is it important? If the river is cold and the fish is squatting, can you catch it? What is the old man doing alone in the snow? The world is cold, and the feelings are lonely and cold. For example, if you fish in a cold river, you will get nothing and your son will be self-sufficient. " For example, everyone thinks that the author and a fisherman are "dependent on each other", although everyone has different explanations.
This Jiang Xue and his other work, The Fisherman, are fishermen's "self-contained" works, reflecting Liu Zongyuan's two alternating emotions in his long-term exile. He sometimes refuses to give in and tries to make a difference; Sometimes they are pessimistic and seek spiritual liberation. The fisherman in The Fisherman is extraordinary and carefree, which is the externalization of the latter state of mind. The fisherman in Jiang Xue is maverick, cold and arrogant, and fishes alone when everyone is not fishing, which is a portrayal of the former's mood.