⊙( 1) Metaphors the realization of life ideals.
Humans have had the dream of flying freely since ancient times, and Cao Zhi has "Willing to return to the flood,
The sigh of "flying high" ("Nine Sorrow Odes") also appeared in the mournful "Burying Flowers" by Miss Lin Daiyu, a boudoir, with the high voice of "May my slave give birth to wings and fly with the flowers to the end of the sky". The defects of life are made up in art, and the image of ethereal and free birds, which appears repeatedly in China's classical poems, is the medium for human beings to realize spiritual roaming "although my body has no wings of Cai Feng".
Poets often compare the realization of life ideals to the free flight of birds.
Example 1: "Nineteen Ancient Poems" At the end of the Han Dynasty, "I did not hesitate to make the singer suffer, but I hurt my confidant. I am willing to fly high for the double swan "("There are tall buildings in the northwest "), using the double swan as a metaphor to find a bosom friend;
Example 2: An anonymous poem "I want to cross the river, and the river is deep and flat. I would like to go back to my hometown for a pair of orioles (Step Out of the East Gate of the City). The poet hopes to become an oriole, spread his wings and fly over the insurmountable river, missing his hometown day and night.
Example 3: "I see Gui Hong, waving five strings. The poet's eyes followed the geese flying freely in the sky, and not only his eyes but also his heart longing for spiritual freedom went away with Guihong. He became a bird and swam in the vast sky, reaching a transcendental realm-the carefree realm that Taoism yearned for.
Example 4: The poem "Shi Fo" and Wang Wei's poem "Open the porch and have a bird's eye view" ("Six Bieshan Warm the Old Brother and Show His Brother") are similar to this artistic conception.
Example 5: Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, "Sleeping on the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, he is not lonely" ("Mink Head, Quick Slayer Pavilion Left"). During their political attack and dismissal, they did not directly describe their feelings in their poems, but from the words "lying down" and "lying on the pillow", we can realize their inner peace and happiness. "Nothing" is a continuous action, which shows that the poet's eyes follow the bird, and the wings of the poet's spirit may fly freely with it for a long time; Birds disappear in the sky, which is an unremarkable phenomenon, which embodies the sense of harmony and identity between poets and freedom.
Example 6: A poet who advocates Taoist thought and pursues spiritual freedom yearns for a life of seclusion in Jianghu, and is willing to be friends with carefree Hong Niao and forget the struggle in the world. When Tao Yuanming was an official, he even "looked up at the clouds and was ashamed to swim in the water" ("Qu A Shi"). After resigning from his post and returning to his hometown, he expressed the joy of farming and reading with poems such as "Many birds like to care, I love my family" (Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas). Birds live in nests, poets love home, and there is a feeling that people and birds are one.
(2) Peace and harmony with nature
There are many poems in the past dynasties that show that people and birds live in harmony:
Example 1: once I cover my heart again, birds and flowers are my friends. (Du Fu's "Journey to the Second Temple of Daolin in Yuelu Mountain")
Exodus 2: I came to Liang Shang Yan alone and had a blind date with seagulls in the water. (Du Fu's "Jiangcun")
Exodus Inorganic spent all his time in Sha Ou, enjoying beautiful scenery and seclusion. (Jong Li's Thoughts on Jiujiang's Former Residence)
The poet not only made friends with seagulls, but also made an agreement with them to be together forever and forget the world.
Example 4: Huang Tingjian's "Boarding Express Pavilion" in the Northern Song Dynasty can be said to be the most famous poem of "Alliance Gull": "A fool dies, ignores public affairs, and the express pavilion leans on the sunset. Qian Shan has a vast sky, and Chengjiang has a bright moon. Zhu Xian is already a beauty, and her young eyes are chatting with wine. Wan Li returned to the ship to play the flute, and this heart is allied with Bai Ou. " The poet finished his official business and boarded the express booth in the evening. The magnificent scenery of Qian Shan Chengjiang reflecting the moon gave him the desire to play the flute by boat and retire from the Jianghu.
After Huang Tingjian, poets in the Southern Song Dynasty often wrote "Lian Ou":
Exodus 5: All our allies, gulls and herons, have formed an alliance today, so don't be suspicious of each other. (Xin Qiji's "Water Melody Gull")
Exodus 6: Call us seagulls, they are eager to jump and carry people through sawdust. (Jiang Kui, Qing Gong Chun)
⊙(3) Homesickness, Wandering and Wandering
After all, not everyone can reach the goal of jumping out of their own limitations and being the same as Dahua. All sentient beings have a lot of troubles: they are running for food and clothing, wandering because of war and famine ... The scene of birds returning to the old forest at dusk touched the homesickness of many wanderers! In China's ancient poems, the image of birds is often associated with the theme of homesickness:
Example 1: Fish swim in the green water and birds fly in the thin sky. If you are a traveler, the corvee will not come back. (Love Poems by Cao Zhi)
Example 2: Yan in front of the hall, see you in winter and summer. Two or three brothers are stranded in other places. ("Yutai New Yan Yong Songs")
Exodus 3: It's only seven days since spring, and I've been away from home for two years. The day of returning home is behind the bird's return to the earth, but the idea of returning home has existed before the spring flowers bloom. (Xue Daoheng's "Homecoming")
Exodus 4: Return to Hong and go to Wuzhong. Looking back at Peng Zhong, Qingsi and Huaitong. (Su Shi's "Jiang Cheng Zi Bie Xuzhou")
Birds fly high in the sky, but travelers are imprisoned in the corvee; In front of the hall, the swallow hid in winter and now in summer, but the three brothers drifted in a foreign land; Since the beginning of spring, geese have flown back to the north, but the poets who sent them to the south have not returned to the north; Su Shi will go south from Xuzhou to Hangzhou, which runs counter to yan zhen's flying north ... Birds come and go naturally and freely according to phenological changes, compared with the helplessness and bitterness in the world.
Example 5: Perhaps the most famous poem of this kind is "Bodhisattva Crossing the River", which is called "the ancestor of one hundred generations": "There is smoke in the plain forest, and the area around Hanshan Mountain is sad. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is sad. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The pavilion is shorter. " According to legend, this word was written by Li Bai, and the lingering emotion is contained in every scene: the distant trees are smoky, the cold mountains are blue, and the twilight gradually covers the tall buildings, making the people who climb the building look far more desolate. He stood on the steps of white jade for a long time, only to see birds gliding across the sky and flying back to their nests. He couldn't help thinking: if only he could return to his hometown! But my hometown is so far away, and I don't know how many road-side pavilion I have to pass on that road!
Some people think that Bodhisattva Man is written from the perspective of women, and it is a poem that misses women far away, which can also be explained. The sad woman prayed for her husband to come back. At night, she saw the birds return to their nests and secretly planned for her husband's return. Poems with the theme of homesickness correspond to the homesickness poems of wanderers, and birds are also one of the main images, such as "trapped in a dangerous building and worried about flying away" (Qin Guan's "Magnolia Falling").