In the era when the gods retired,
Only the poet is still pursuing the trace of the gods,
Telling the sacredness in the night.
1. Poets and liars
Hermes, the Oracle in Greek mythology, delivered the Oracle to the world on Mount Olympus.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions, like all wizards and prophets, will always be great, mysterious, vague and ambiguous, and cautious and suspicious human beings will never know the profound meaning contained in Oracle Bone Inscriptions until after the event. Besides, Hermes is the patron saint of liars and thieves. Therefore, we always want to decipher the true meaning of the Oracle for priests. It seems that only poets are as sacred as priests and as sacred as Tao in incomprehensible language.
Poetry has always been the most fascinating object of hermeneutics, because it has the dual characteristics of Oracle and lie, and poets have always had the reputation of being both Oracle and liar.
The Bible is a classic in the book, but it is not a document, but a mysterious series with complicated words, which was compiled by unknown authors of different times with completely different intentions. The Hebrews (also known as the Israelites), a little-known monotheistic people, settled in the narrow land of Canaan and established a kingdom. They recorded these traditions in sacred Hebrew documents. These documents were later compiled into the Five Books of Moses, the first part of the Jewish Bible. This sacred work, written by people and spanning many times, contains some verifiable historical facts, some unverifiable fairy tales, some infinitely beautiful poems and many difficult chapters.
The Oracle, hidden in these incomprehensible words and poems, has survived through thousands of years of interpretation and interpretation. You can always find the figure of reciting poems in the classics of Hongshu, which flows through the ages. However, a lie repeated a thousand times is the truth. Alexander pope explained in On Man that everything that exists is reasonable, which is an obvious truth. In this way, poets and liars are reasonable. After all, without the poet's praise, the long history will be boring.
2. Poets and heroes
They all say that you are called "Homer" because your eyes can't see. Cicero said, you let us see what you can't see yourself.
The Iliad and Odyssey are known as "ancient Greek bibles" and are said to have been written by Homer, a blind musician. Even in western academic circles, whether Homer exists is a controversy. As early as ancient Greece, famous historians Herodotus, Thucydides, philosophers Plato and Aristotle all affirmed that Homer was the author of these two epics. However, at the beginning of the18th century, the French monk Zheng Dobiyong and the Italian philosopher Vico took the lead. They think that Homer doesn't exist, and the Homer problem quickly caused a sensation and became a difficult problem for scholars.
However, I prefer to believe Homer as a poet. Isn't it the mission of poetry to regard the past as poetry? Ancient professional musicians were usually blind. Homer may be a poet and a musician.
There are few historical records about Homer. However, his Legend of Heroes was widely read in the ancient Greek world, and both rappers and bards were eager for it.
"God, dear? Yours Women, and? Defense? Your country! "
In the movie, Prince Troy faced death bravely, even though he knew he couldn't do it. So how does the epic describe him?
"It's like an evil star suddenly appeared from the thick clouds.
The light flashed and suddenly disappeared into the dark clouds;
Hector also appeared at the front of the team for a while.
Then he sneaked into the back of the line and gave them instructions.
He wore bronze, like the flash of Zeus, the father of the Great Shield.
Electricity? "
Hector's "Tall" and "Shiny" in Homer's Works. In the Trojan War, he led troops to defeat the Greek allied forces many times, and fought Ajax, the tallest in the Greek allied forces, neck and neck, killing Patroclus, Achilles' close partner, wearing Achilles' armor. What a brilliant record!
The wind is rustling and the water is cool, and the strong man is gone forever.
The climax of Iliad belongs to the life-and-death duel between Achilles, the first Greek warrior, and hector, the first Trojan warrior. Before the war, the goddess mother of Achilles personally went to the God of Fire and Forging to ask for almost perfect armor. This made hector, who faced Achilles, think that the gods came down to earth and were timid, so there were three famous stalemate around the city. Athena, determined to destroy Troy, became hector's brother, and lured hector into a decisive battle with the impeccable Achilles. She even pulled up the spear thrown by Achilles and gave it back to Achilles, which made Hector's last chance of winning go up in smoke. Achilles, who was familiar with the weakness of his armor, finally plunged his spear into hector's throat.
The great guardian of Troy is dead.
Angry and arrogant Achilles showed off his victory in front of Trojans in a chariot carrying hector's body?
Achilles was finally shot in the heel by Paris next to Tianmen and died. We always lament the tragedy of the great hero Achilles. However, what is more tragic than Achilles is hector, because he knows that he is fighting a losing war. However, he knows that a gentleman should do something when the country is in danger.
When the world was born, Homer sang.
"If future generations tell my story, let them say that I am with the hero. Human life is as fragile as winter wheat, but these names will last forever. Let them say I live in Hector's time, let them say I live in Achilles' time. "
Poets and heroes will be immortal in the epic.
3. Poets and seductive colors
There are beautiful women in the north, and they are peerless and independent.
Take care of the city first, then the country.
This is the description of peerless beauty in China's classical poems.
Ancient Greece also had peerless beauties. Homer's epic describes: "She? Face? Launched? A thousand? Ships "(her beauty is enough to sink thousands of ships)
Edgar allan poe, an American poet in the19th century, is one of the leaders of American Romantic Movement and a pioneer of symbolism. He once wrote a poem "To Helen", in which the hero is Helen who triggered the Trojan War.
"Helen, that? Beauty for me.
Like those ancient Nicaean barks,
Gently, on the fragrant sea,
The tired, lost wanderer endured.
Go back to his hometown.
Roaming on the sea of despair,
Your hyacinthus orientalis hair, your classic face,
Your breeze takes me home.
The glory of Greece
And the glory of Rome.
Lo！ In that splendid window niche
I saw how much you stood like a statue,
Agate lamp in your hand!
Ah, psyche, from
Are holy places! "
To Helen
Helen, your beauty is in my eyes,
Just like the three-masted ship of Nicea in the past.
The ship is sailing on the fragrant sea, leisurely and carefree.
Tired the sleepy crew of drifting.
Back to the coast of his hometown.
I have long been used to floating on the angry sea.
Your elegant face, curly hair,
Your water charm took me home,
Glory belongs to Greece;
Greatness belongs to Rome.
Look! In the window as bright as a niche,
I saw you standing like a statue,
Holding an agate lamp in his hand!
Goddess sage, sacred place.
It is your hometown! "
To Helen is a masterpiece created by poet Poe. It is said that the creation of this poem originated from my admiration for a lady Steiner when I was young. Soon after, Mrs. Stayner passed away, and Poe was very sad. When this poem was published, Poe was in his twenties. The world is so sad, young people have experienced vicissitudes, but the eternal classical beauty in poetry tells the ancient legend.
Helen became the embodiment of later poetic aestheticism.
Helen in the epic comes from a noble family, is the daughter of God, is an "outstanding woman", has "white arms", "fluttering robes" and "sparkling veil", and has noble virtues. The misfortune she suffered was entirely due to her peerless appearance and the inescapable fate given by God. "Zeus is doomed to our tragic fate, so that even in the years when future generations live, our indecent behavior will become the content of poetry singing."
Dating back to the heroic age of ancient Greece, the Iliad gives the explanation that "in order to obtain Helen and her belongings". For example, the characters in the poem once said with emotion, "For her, the Trojans and the armored Akayans have been fighting hard all year." The second volume on page 47, "soldiers from Larcade and farris surrounded by mountains and ravines, led by Agamemnon's brother Menelaus, roars the battlefield, commands 60 warships, and stays away from other military forces. He patrolled the team, convinced of his courage, and urged his subordinates to move forward, because he longed for revenge more than anyone else: for Helen, they suffered the pain and suffering of the war. " However, the struggle for Helen was only the fuse of the Trojan War, and the plunder of wealth was the fundamental reason for the outbreak of the Trojan War revealed in the Iliad.
There is a saying in Cruces's Begging Agamemnon; "I hope the gods living in Russia and Persia will agree to let you rob Priam's castle"; In the conversation between Achilles and Agamemnon, there is another sentence: "In the future, if Zeus allows us to rob Troy with strong walls …" And in the later quarrel between the two sides, Achilles even bluntly rebuked Agamemnon for launching the war in order to "accumulate wealth and increase inventory"; In the second volume, even Agamemnon himself revealed his true intention: "The brave man who came here to throw a gun repelled my attack, prevented me from realizing my wish and robbed the prosperous city of Ilion."
Helen, who looks beautiful, has become the face of a femme fatale.
Falling in love with the countryside is the most extreme word to describe beauty in China's vocabulary. This kind of beauty is peerless, independent and adorable, caring about the city first and then the country. However, when the word "true beauty" became a prophecy, "a philosopher becomes a city, and a woman is really beautiful" became the most vicious curse of ancient China literati on stunning beauty. The subjugation of women and the misfortune of women are the narrative discourses in the traditional history of China. However, this background is different from that of ancient Greece.
Hector, who devoted himself to his country, once swore at his younger brother Paris, mocking him for "seduction and kidnapping" and "taking away a stunning woman from a distant place, while her husband and nationals are soldiers with guns and spears. You are a disaster for your father, your city and people", but he never blamed Helen for bringing disaster to his motherland, but was particularly kind to Helen.
After Hector died, Helen sang an elegy for him. "In the vast land of Troy, I will never find a friend, a person who is kind to me." .
In the Iliad, the tragedy of Troy is dominated by the gods. No matter how hard the heroes resist, they can't resist the force of fate. In fact, it is generally believed that Helen is innocent. She is just a victim of fate. Even if Troy was in danger of Enemy at the Gates because of Helen, the Trojan wanted her to get on the boat and leave. "Don't leave her, it will bring us and our children and grandchildren pain." But they still feel that "Trojans and armored achaean have been fighting hard for her for many years-who can blame them?" .
If you put it in ancient China, you will directly kill the demon Ji. You see, that's how Yang Guifei died in Maweipo.
How can a hero fall! How can beautiful women die!
In the era when heroes fall, if there are no poets to sing, history will have nothing.
In the era when the poet fell, let's talk about the poet and the story behind his poems.