The so-called brocade is a rhetorical method that only nouns or noun phrases are used instead of verbs, verb phrases or conjunctions to describe scenes and express feelings, thus forming a vivid and touching picture. This rhetorical method called "replacing sentences with phrases" by Mr. Lv Shuxiang is very common in China's ancient poems.
China's classical poetry pursues conciseness, profound meaning, profound artistic conception and meaningful charm, so all words that have little influence on language expression should be omitted, and descriptive intermediary links between sentences can also be omitted. In this way, poetry often gives people a sense of jumping that seems to be broken and connected, and the appearance and spirit are separated. The famous sentence of "Chicken crows in Maodian, first frost people travel in Banqiao" has written six kinds of scenery in just one cross: chicken crows, Maodian, the moon, pedestrians, Banqiao and first frost. And there are sounds and colors; There are both distant views and close-up views. There are no verbs, and the actions of people and things are all in it; I don't need a word to express my feelings, but my feelings are overflowing. This is the beauty of Jin Lie's rhetoric: although it is not carved, it can describe things vividly. More importantly, through the arrangement of these nouns, a bleak and bleak morning scene is outlined, and the twists and turns reveal the lonely mood and hardships of early travelers.
Li Jin's rhetoric method is widely used in classical poetry, mainly because it conforms to the characteristics and requirements of China's classical poetry. Jin Lie's sentences are vivid in rhythm, brilliant in spirit and concise, which not only has strong artistic generalization, but also has the effect of "approaching Wan Li". In addition, Jin Lie's sentences are implicit and meaningful, and the lines between them are irrelevant, which gives readers ample room for imagination and artistic re-creation. Because of this, quatrains using Li Jin, a rhetorical method, frequently appear in China's classical poems.
"If you want to drink pipa, you should rush it immediately" (William Wang's Liangzhou Ci). The "wine" (wine brewed from grapes) and "luminous cup" listed in these two poems are all specialties of the western regions, so the author skillfully shows the strange customs of the northwest frontier. Wang Zhihuan's "Wan Ren Mountain, An Isolated City" shows the steep rise of Yumenguan, which stands at the peak of Wan Ren. However, in Lu You's book Anger, the poem "The balcony crosses the Guazhou River in the night snow, and the autumn wind scatters the iron horse" not only describes the spatial separation-Guazhou is in the southeast and scattered in the northwest, but also describes the time difference-the night of winter snow and the autumn of golden wind. Fourteen words in a short two-line poem contain such rich content, mainly because of the use of rhetorical devices in the brocade. Although you don't use a verb, when crossing the river on a snowy night, warships are in line; However, the fierce battle scene between Kingoma Railway and Ye Qiu to kill the enemy is very vividly presented to readers.
Other examples
Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong": "Thirty fame and fortune are rich in dust, and eight thousand miles are covered with clouds and the moon"
Liu Yong's Yulin Order: "Where did you wake up from the wine tonight, Yang Liuan Xiaofeng passed away."
Han Yi (hóng) "Appreciating the journey and seeing the ceremony": "Under the cool breeze, the bare walls of the city fade with the autumn moon. I saw a lone goose crossing the Milky Way, and I heard thousands of washing hammers on the rocks at night. However, I didn't wish this season, but on credit. I think your poems are so beautiful that I forgot about the birds returning home. "
Analysis: The second couplet "I saw a lone goose crossing the Milky Way, and I heard that there were thousands of washing mallets on the stone in jathyapple" became a famous sentence, mainly to show people. Whether it's a visual picture-a lone goose flying in the starry sky in autumn night or an auditory image-the anvil sound of thousands of families, nouns are used in series to overlap, which not only vividly and accurately describes the typical characteristics of autumn night scenery, but also constructs a melancholy artistic conception, which is mellow and profound in poetry.
What Jin Lie used most subtly was Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si, a well-known poem. That "withered vines and old trees are humming, small bridges and flowing people, old roads and thin horses." At first glance, the nine nouns in the first three sentences seem to have nothing to do with each other, but when they are combined into one, the weather has changed greatly: this scene in the evening is strung together by a complete emotional context, forming a bleak late autumn night scene, which strongly sets off the melancholy of travelers on earth. This artistic effect of expressing feelings with scenes and blending scenes has earned Xiao Ling the reputation of "Father of Qiu Si".