How did Arabic novels originate?

After the emergence of Islam, with the increasing expansion of the territory of the Arab Empire, the increasing traffic between the East and the West and the contact with external cultural traditions, Arab literature quickly merged with foreign literature such as Persian literature, and evolved from perceptual literature with strong subjective colors to rationalistic literature, forming a unique "Adabu" (literature) genre. The so-called "Adabu" is to leave religion and seek pure literary form in order to cultivate elegant character and noble personality. "Adab" has many meanings in Arabic. At first, it refers to inviting people to dinner, then to people's moral integrity, and then to people's cultivation in poetry, novels, essays, genealogy and so on.

Abbas dynasty is the peak of Arabic literature, with the emergence of Kale and Dimunai. This book originated from five volumes of ancient India, and the original text is Sanskrit. In the middle of the 6th century, King Foer of India ordered the book to be translated into Farhrivia in Persian. About 570 years ago, it was translated into ancient Syrian by Fahri's Weiya translation. Around 750, Ibn Mufa (724-759) translated it into Arabic. Mugfa is proficient in Persian and Arabic. He is an essayist, thinker and politician. His translation of Kale and Dimunai is regarded as the oldest prose model in Arabia because of its beautiful words. The completion of this book created the Arab "Adab". "Jialai" and "Mudinai" are the names of foxes, representing good and evil respectively. As protagonists, they started a series of stories with the style of Aesop's fables. In the beautiful and vivid story, there is a profound philosophy of human nature. For example, the story of thrush and elephant is to show that "smart people can make use of everyone's wisdom and achieve success that an army can't." Stories can reflect the hardships and sufferings of life in the world and expose the dark side of meanness, Machiavellian, betrayal, greed and tyranny. In terms of expression, this book is full of dramatic elements such as contradictions and conflicts, the plot is exciting, the contradictions are constantly developing, and many chapters end in tragedy. Mu Gefa said: "If words become aphorisms, the logic will be clearer, the content will be clearer, the voice will be more beautiful and the readers will be wider." Carrie Lai and Mu Di Nai was written according to this theme. It uses the mouths of animals to make witty remarks and spread philosophy and teachings. Smart people read it for their wisdom, while playful people read it for their fun. After Calais and Dimunai, stories of India and Persia were introduced into Arabic literature.

After Carriles and Dimunai, there appeared the Fauna and Biography of bad karma by Chaxizi (775-868). The latter describes the street life at that time, satirizes the ugly phenomenon of society, and has vivid characters and interesting plots.